Dialectical Thermodynamics’Solution to the Conceptual Imbroglio That Is the Reversible Path

According to the second law of thermodynamics, as currently understood, any given transit of a system along the reversible path proceeds with a total entropy change equal to zero. The fact that this condition is also the identifier of thermodynamic equilibrium, makes each and every point along the reversible path a state of equilibrium, and the reversible path, as expressed by a noted thermodynamic author, “a dense succession of equilibrium states”. The difficulties with these notions are plural. The fact, for example, that systems need to be forced out of equilibrium via the expenditure of work, would make any spontaneous reversible process a consumer of work, this in opposition to common thermodynamic wisdom that makes spontaneous reversible processes the most efficient transformers of work-producing-potential into actual work. The solution to this and other related impasses is provided by Dialectical Thermodynamics via its previously proved notion assigning a negative entropy change to the energy upgrading process represented by the transformation of heat into work. The said solution is here exemplified with the ideal-gas phase isomerization of butane into isobutane.

Hegel and the Antidialectic

This work,using the case study of the Haitian Revolution,positions Paul C.Mocombe’s theory of antidialectic within Hegel’s dialectical reasoning.Mocombe posits that the antidialectical position in Hegel’s dialectic is the position of each self-consciousness when they initially encounter each other at the onset of the master/slave dialectic.Whereas,the master seeks to move to the dialectical position in order to dominate and eliminate the original(antidialectical)position of the slave,the slave remains in this antidialectical position so long as they seek to fight against their enslavement for the purpose of maintaining and reproducing their original,antidialectical,position,which is social,political,economic,and ideological.In any other instances,they(the slaves)are either in the dialectical,seeking to maintain the status quo,or negative dialectical,seeking to integrate the status quo on equal footing with the master,positions.

Relationship between the Three Laws of Dialectics of Nature and Agricultural Development

Based on the three laws of dialectics of nature-the law of unity of opposites, the law of mutual change of quality and the law of negation of negation, this paper analyzes the relationship between the three laws and agricultural development, and proposes making good use of the three laws to promote the better development of agriculture and realize agricultural modernization.

Dialectic:辩证逻辑的新形态

当代中国辩证逻辑研究的多元进路均不同程度地把辩证法作为研究的理论基础。基于“dialectic”一词具有的辩证法与论辩术的双重含义,当代关于论辩术的种种逻辑研究具有作为辩证逻辑的合法性,这种新形态的辩证逻辑对于深化马克思主义辩证逻辑的研究、把握辩证逻辑和现代性建构与批判之间的关系都具有重要意义。

A Dialectical Way between Literal and Free Translation:Taking the Translation of English Similes as an Exemplar

Simile,as an important figure of speech,is widely used in various texts.And it has its own feature and different subtypes,which require that the translation methods-literal translation and free translation should be adopted dialectically in accordance with the content or form of the similes.Actually,free translation based on literal translation is much better even though adding some extensions or footnotes is employed,too.

Optimizing Teacher-Student Collaborative Assessment in the Production-Oriented Approach:A Dialectical Research

Teacher-student collaborative assessment(TSCA)aims to address the challenges of responding to students’work in the Production-Oriented Approach:low efficiency and poor effectiveness.As part of a bigger project carried out in a Chinese university over a period of three years,the present study explored how the teacher prepared and implemented TSCA in class,especially with a focus on how she determined the assessing objective and worked collaboratively with her students in class to achieve it,using the students’written and translated texts as examples.By adopting the dialectical research(DR)method,this paper collected qualitative data such as teaching plans,classroom recordings,and reflective journals of the teacher-researcher(the author),along with students’written drafts and translated texts.TSCA theory and classroom practice have been refined simultaneously by means of putting theory into practice and reflecting upon it.The optimized pre-class and in-class procedures may shed some light on applying TSCA to L2 classrooms.

亚里士多德《修辞学》中“dialectic”一词的翻译

正确理解术语"dialectic"是理解亚里士多德修辞学的关键之一。这一术语在亚里士多德《修辞学》的两个中译本中有着"论辩术"和"辩证法"两个不同的译名。文章试从词源、词义的演变、词的译介以及亚里士多德本人的观点四个方面探讨"dialectic"的意义和翻译,指出"辩证法"译名的不科学性,并提出了翻译处理的建议。

PANSYSTEMS ANALYSIS: MATHEMATICS, METHODOLOGY, RELATIVITY AND DIALECTICAL THINKING

Based on new analysis modes and new definitions with relative mathematization and simplification or strengthening forms for concepts of. generalized systems, panderivatives, pansymmetry, panbox principle, pansystems relativity, etc., the framework and related principles of pansystems methodology and pansystems relativity are developed. Related contents include: pansystems with relatively universal mathematizing forms, 200 types of dualities, duality transformation, pansymmetry transformation, pansystems dialectics, the 8-domain method, pansystems mathematical methods, generalized quantification, the principles of approximation-transforming, pan-equivalence theorems, supply-demand analysis, thinking experiment, generalized gray systems, etc.

Investigating the Effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy in Clinical Symptoms, Anger Control and Emotional Regulation of Bully Children

The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy in clinical symptoms, anger control and emotional regulation of bully children. This research is a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study design with a nonequivalent control group. The research sample comprises 24 bully children who were purposefully selected from among the students who had responded positively to the researcher’s call. The participants were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. Group therapy intervention was conducted on the experimental group during ten sessions. The tools applied in this study consisted of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire by Garnefski et al., State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory by Spielberger and Bullying Scale by Illinois, Espelage and Holt and the subjects answered to their questions in the stage of pretest and posttest. In this research, the data was analyzed based on the analysis of covariance test and with the aid of SPSS software. The findings demonstrated that dialectical behavior therapy has a significant impact on clinical symptoms, anger control and its components and emotional regulation and its components (P < 0.01).

Squaring the Dialectic of Inference and Chance

Instead of merely inferring that our beliefs are in a correlation to the facts, I will contend that what matters is the logic of their inferential structure. This will reveal what is actually true for their relation and not just real for experience. Given one and two-sided inferences, the conditions of their functional relation will be consistent within a square of opposition; for contraries, contradictions and sub-contraries in a way that probability theory is not. Within this model of inferences, the two-sided concept of inferences will also have a modal value for its relation to the one-sided concept of inferences. Proposing that empirical, formal, speculative, and an Intuitionist Speculative understanding of logic will have a modal identity within a dialectical principle.

The Hegelian Tragedy, Negative Dialectic and Ethical Substance in Sophocles＇ Antigone

Breaking with Aristotle＇s theory of tragedy in which the grand magnitude of the spirit of the tragic hero somehow trapped and misguided by a certain tragic flaw arouses the audiences＇ emotional intensity of pity and fear for the functioning of catharsis, Hegel analyzes the structure of tragedy in terms of the social conflict, in the case of Sophocles＇ Antigone, between the ruler Creon and the rebel Antigone, the patriarchal state and the individual woman, the civil codes and the divine law. Rejecting Creon＇s dictatorship and performing civil disobedience, Antigone intentionally buries the dead body of her brother Polyneices at the cost of being sentenced to death. Through this sacrifice, Antigone exposes the structural fissure of the civil society embedded in decaying morality for realizing the higher ideal of divine law and ethics. Through Antigone＇s sacrifice, the paradox of self-denial and self-elevation manifests the inner principle of dialectic through which the very opposite forces of contradiction engender the dynamic facets of the formation of modern civil society. As Hegelian dialectic is driven by its inner principle of negativity or negation of negation, through self-denial, Antigone transcends the moral codes of the mundane world for reaching the higher divine will. Yet, this dialectical ascending does not indicate a transcendent hero beyond the human world; instead, through the means of self-denying sacrifice, Antigone accomplishes the purpose of the divine will and conveys the divine spirit incarnated in the human flesh. For Hegelian tragic hero, the external and internal conflicts lead to the realization of self-consciousness and the ultimate consummation of heroic identity. Instead of being conditioned by Aristotelian tragic flaw and unconquerable fate, for Hegel, Antigone explicates the modern rebellious spirit of free will, and this martyrdom, not in the sense of scapegoat as the passive substitute for the sin of collective human community, presents a modern sense of tragic hero, an incarnated flesh invested with politically radical spirit. The flesh figure of heroine Antigone exemplifies the immanent power of ethical substance and dialectically transforms the divine will into the earthly spirit. Thus, this paper aims to investigate into the shift from Aristotle＇s concept of tragic hero to Hegelian dialectic tragedy and further examines how Hegelian tragic hero engenders the historical move into Western modernity through negative dialectic and accomplishes the self-other positioning of ethical substance presented in Sophocles＇ Antigone.

The Dialectical Basis and Ecological Implication of Marx’s Labor Value Theory

Left-wing ecologists generally think that Marx’s theory of labor value is completely opposite to ecology because it ascribes the substance of value to labor.The contemporary Marxist theorists regard this as the lack of true knowledge of the dialectical basis of labor theory of value.Dialectics is a method of studying things in a holistic and relational way,while the method of value analysis is the result of Marx’s study of capitalist mode of production in a holistic and relational way.According to the method of value analysis,the unity of opposites among value,exchange value,and use value constitutes the fundamental contradiction of capitalist mode of production,which inevitably leads to the adversarial relationship of capitalist value form.Marx constantly ascended from abstract to concrete,from part to whole,and then,the meaning of value analysis expanded to the whole material world,thus,the ecological dimension of labor value theory was completely expanded.

Kosik＇s Dialectics of Concrete Totality

Setting out from the categories of totality and histori（ci）sm in Kosik＇s Dialectics of the Concrete, we look at the relationship between theory and praxis： empty, abstract totality versus concrete, reified and alienated practice （Lukacs, Habermas, Honneth）; a bad totality, in which the real polydimensional subject is replaced by the one-dimensional, mythologized, fetishized, and economistically reduced ＂subject＂ of consummation （Marcuse, Baudrillard）. The dialectics of concrete totality implies a marxistic critique of the ethical and juristic universalism, in the context of the ＂positive＂ side of globalization and political unilateralism, as a concrete, militant, hegemonistic, post-colonial, and neo-imperial practice （Apel, Habermas, Chomsky, Zinoviev）; globalization as totali（tari）zation, the ＂last man,＂ the ＂end of history,＂ and the ＂end＂ of dialectics in its neo-liberal, eschatological, empty ideological ＂realization＂ （Hegel, Marx, Fukuyama, Arendt）; the totality of the （invariable） being as a pseudo-concrete and pseudo-dialectical ontologistic speculation （Heidegger）： A ＂return＂ to a concrete history and a return of the ＂positive＂ dialectics as a critical awareness, mind, and method in the discourse ＂game＂ of human＇s cognitive, creative, and practical powers. The assumption of Kosik＇s humanism is a synchrony of nature and history in the ＂absolute＂ totality of human＇s concrete existence （Lukacs, Goldmann, Adorno, Sartre, Kosik）.

Arbitrariness and motivation in linguistic signs： Integrative and dialectical reflections

Sausssurean revolution is defined by, among others, his controversial hypothesis of linguistic arbitrariness. This, however, fails to embrace a unanimous acceptation by scholars thereafter and the debates over linguistic signs in terms of arbitrariness and motivation, due to the regrettably understood terms, have imbued the development of linguistics, nurturing a myriad of sustainably productive branches in linguistic studies. Based on refreshing interpretation of the key terms, the paper adopts an integrative and dialectical approach to linguistic signs and argues that arbitrariness is more a matter of degree than one of presence or absence, hopefully to bring home that duality as whole features linguistic signs fundamentally.

Dialectical thinking in engineering management

Modem engineering management activities have all become more complex, being far beyond the economic and technological areas, due to their growing grand scales, increasingly complex structures and integrated systems. Therefore, we need focus our attention on engineering management activities by resorting to dialectical thinking and take full account of them based on the height of the new era. This paper described and analyzed engineering management activities from the following 5 aspects ： the cyclic promotion between engineering management theory and engineering management practice, the in-depth integration of engineering management concepts with engineering management methods, the coordinated harmonization of engineering management system with engineering management details, the mutual promotion between engineering management standardization and engineering management innovation, the common enhancement between engineering management team and engineering management system.

How to Make a Story Beautiful： On Aesthetic Dialectics of Liao zhai zhi yi

How to write a beautiful story？ It is an important question to Chinese writers because novel has not been regarded as a formal genre until late Qing Dynasty. Pu Songling answers this question with his work Liao zhai zhi yi （Strange tales from a Chinese studio）. This paper aims to study his narrative arts. There are four sections included. In part 1, this paper introduces a definition of the aesthetic dialectics and its embodiment in Chinese classical literary theory; in part 2, this paper takes the Liao zhai story as example to interpret Pu Songling＇s dialectic relation between description and narration; in part 3, I will show how Liao zhai presents beauty by unexpected but reasonable changes; and in last part, I give more importance to the stories concerning ordinary things for the reason that Pu Songling could make them interesting and beautiful. In the end, the paper concludes that Pu Songling is successful storyteller by using dialectic arts, which should be learned by Chinese writers.

Borderline Personality Disorders by Dialectical Therapy

This study aimed to discover the possibility of reducing the symptoms of borderline personality disorders (BPD) through the dialectical treatment of a sample group of individuals with BPD in Kuwait. To achieve this objective, a quasi-experimental approach was applied by dividing the study sample into two groups;the control group consisted of 75 individuals and the experimental group consisted of 75 individuals. In addition, a borderline personality disorder scale and program were developed based on American psychologist Marsha Linehan’s rules of dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT). Among the results, the study found statistically significant differences between members of the two groups due to the use of the counseling program based on dialectical treatment. This indicates a positive effect of using the counseling program to reduce the level of BPD among the members of the study sample, in favor of the experimental group.

Summary of Treating Headache Dialectically by Channel Acupoint Massage

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An Overview of the Study of the Materialist Dialectics of Late Engels and the Marxist Dialectical Debate

This year marks the 200th anniversary of the birth of the great proletarian revolutionary mentor Engels,and the theoretical community has once again started a wave of research on his thought.On the basis of Hegel’s dialectic,Engels inherited and developed Marx’s dialectic,and founded the materialist dialectic,which he called“the best tool and the sharpest weapon”.However,the relationship between Engels’materialist dialectics and Marx’s dialectics has been debated for more than a hundred years in the theoretical circles both at home and abroad,and it is of great significance to correctly summarize and elaborate the domestic and international views in order to clarify the internal logic and truth of Engels’materialist dialectics.