In-situ defect passivation assisted three-step printing of efficient and stable formamidine-lead bromide solar cells

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)emerge as the most promising photovoltaics(PV)for their high performance and potential convenient cost-effective production routes comparing to the sophomore PV technologies.The printed PSCs with simplified device architecture and fabrication procedures could further enhance the competitive strength of PSC technology.In this work,we present an in-situ defect passivation(ISDP)assisted full-printing of high performance formamidine-lead bromide(FAPbBr_(3))PSCs.Only three rapid printing steps are involved for electron transporting layer(ETL),perovskite and carbon to form a complete solar cell on the low-cost fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO)substrate.Long-chain polymer monomethyl ether polyethylene glycol is particularly utilized as the ISDP passivator,leading to conformal coating on the rough FTO and defect passivation for both ETL and perovskite during printing.A high efficiency of 10.85%(certified 10.14%)and a high V_(oc)up to 1.57 V are achieved for the printed device.The unencapsulated PSCs maintain above 90%of the initial efficiency after continuously heating at 85℃for 1000 h and over 80%of the efficiency after the maximum power point tracking for 3500 h.The fully printed semitransparent PSCs with carbon grids(CGs)show average visible light transmittance over 33%and an efficiency of 8.81%.

Clinical Efficacy Analysis of Tiotropium Bromide Combined with Budesonide and Formoterol Inhalation in Treating COPD

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of tiotropium bromide(TB)combined with budesonide formoterol(BUD/FM)inhalation in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:62 COPD patients admitted to the hospital between June 2020 and December 2022 were selected as samples for this study.The patients were divided into a combination group and a conventional group using the random number table method,with 31 cases in each group.The patients in the combination group were treated with TB combined with BUD/FM inhalation,whereas the patients in the conventional group were treated with BUD/FM inhalation only.The treatment efficacy and changes in lung function indicators of both groups were compared.Results:The total efficacy of treatment in the combined group was higher than that in the conventional group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Before treatment,there was no difference in pulmonary function indicators between the two groups(P>0.05).After three months of treatment,all lung function indicators of the combined group were higher than those of the conventional group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Combining TB with BUD/FM inhalation therapy increases the efficacy of treatment for patients with COPD.Besides,it also improves lung function and leads to a better prognosis.

Effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on morphology and porous structure of mesoporous hydroxyapatite

The mesoporous hydroxyapatite （HA） was synthesized by hydrothermal method utilizing cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB） as template. The crystalline phase, morphology and porous structure were characterized respectively by different detecting techniques. The results reveal that the particles are highly crystalline hydroxyapatite phase. The surfactant has little influence on the morphology of the crystals, but affects the porous structure obviously. The sample without CTAB has a low surface area not exceeding 33 m^2/g, and no distinct pores can be observed by TEM. While the samples obtained with the surfactant get better parameters. Numerous open-ended pores centered at 2-7 nm spread unequally on the surface of the hydroxyapatite nanorods. The N2 adsorption-desorption experiments show type IV isotherms with distinct hysteresis loops, illustrating the presence of mesoporous structure. When the mole ratio of CTAB to HA is 1：2, the sample has the largest surface area of 97.1 m^2/g and pore volume of 0.466 cm^3/g.

Binding tendency with oligonucleotides and cell toxicity of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide-coated single-walled carbon nanotubes

Functionalized carbon nanotubes （CNTs） were made for the delivery of genes and drugs and CNT-based biosensors. The basis of CNTs is for binding with biomolecules in biomedical applications. The binding tendency with small interfering RNA oligonucleotides and cytotoxicity of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB）-coated single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） were studied. The field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy results show that a SWNT suspension in CTAB solution was well-dispersed and stable. CTAB is the cross-linker between SWNTs and oligonucleotides. The CTAB-coated SWNTs have less cytotoxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells than single SWNTs and the cytotoxicity of CTAB-coated SWNTs depended on the concentration of CTAB-coated SWNTs.

Cu(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ)Complexation with Acid Alizarine Blue B in the Presence of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide

The coordination reactions of Cu（Ⅱ） and Ni（Ⅱ） with acid alizarine blue B （AABB） in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB） micelle were investigated using the microsurface adsorptionspectral correction technique （MSASC）. The aggregation of AABB on CTAB followed the Langmuir isothermal adsorption law. The enrichment of AABB on CTAB sensitized the complexation between Cu（Ⅱ） or Ni（Ⅱ）and AABB. The binding ratio of AABB to CTAB was 1：2.5, and monomeric aggregate, AABB2CTAB5, was formed with an adsorption constant of 5.95×10^5 at 20 ℃ or 2.48×10^5 at 40 ℃. In the ternary complexation, the ratio of AABB：Cu and AABB：Ni were 1：1 and 1：2.5, respectively. Two types of aggregates, Cu2.AABB2·CTAB80 and Ni5.AABB2.CTAB80, were formed.

Water-lithium bromide-lithium nitrate三元工质双效吸收式制冷循环的研究

比较了水-溴化锂-硝酸锂三元工质与传统的水-溴化锂工质的双效吸收式制冷循环,分析了直燃型双效制冷系统。结果表明:采用新工质后,系统的热力系数COP有了明显的提高,其它表征系统热力性能的经济指标也均有不同程度的改善,尤其在直燃型双效冷热水机组中有明显的优势,热力系数COP提高约30%,溶液循环倍率降低12%。因此,该新工质与传统的水-溴化锂工质相比,具有较好的热力性能。

CO_2 capture from binary mixture via forming hydrate with the help of tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide

Hydrate formation rate and separation effect on the capture of CO2 from binary mixture via forming hydrate with 5 wt% tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide （TBAB） solution were studied. The results showed that the induction time was 5 min, and the hydrate formation process finished in 1 h at 4.5 ℃ and 4.01 MPa. The hydrate formation rate constant reached the maximum of 1.84× 10^-7 molZ/（s.J） with the feed pressure of 7.30 MPa. The CO2 recovery was about 45 % in the feed pressure range from 4.30 to 7.30 MPa. Under the feed pressure of 4.30 MPa, the maximum separation factor and CO2 concentration in hydrate phase were 7.3 and 38.2 mol%, respectively. The results demonstrated that TBAB accelerated hydrate formation and enriched CO2 in hydrate phase under the gentle condition.

Time-sliced Velocity Map Imaging Study on Photodissociation of Neopentyl Bromide and Tert-pentyl Bromide at 234 nm

We present a first velocity map imaging study on the 234 nm photodissociation dynamics of two carbon-chain branched alkyl bromides, neopentyl bromide （denoted as NPB） and tert- pentyl bromide （denoted as TPB）. Unlike the 234 nm photodissociation of the unbranched n-C5H11Br molecule where only a direct fission of the C-Br bond is involved, the branched NPB and TPB molecules exhibit one and two more independent dissociation pathways with much energy being decayed via an extensive excitation of the bending modes of the parent molecules prior to the C-Br bond fission. This observation strongly suggests that the dissociation coordinate for the two carbon-chain branched molecules is no longer solely ascribed to the C-Br stretching mode but rather a combination of the bending-stretching modes.

Ozone decomposition under the irradiation of 253.7 nm in the presence of methyl bromide

In this paper the mechanism and kinetic of ozone decomposition under the irradiation of 253.7 nm UV\|light were studied. The quantum yield of the ozone depletion in the presence of methyl bromide is further determined and a reaction model is provided to explain the experimental fact.

Surface tension of lithium bromide aqueous solution/ammonia with additives and nano-particles

In order to investigate the effect of additives and nano-particle on the surface tensions of lithium bromide(Li Br) aqueous solution/ammonia, many experiments were carried out based on Wilhelmy plate method. Firstly, the surface tension of Li Br aqueous solution with 1-octanol was measured and then the comparison between the measured results and previous experimental results was given to verify the measuring accuracy. Some new additives, such as cationic surfactants cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride(CTAC), and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) were chosen in the experiments. The experimental results show that CTAC and CTAB can obviously reduce the surface tension of Li Br aqueous solution/ammonia. In addition, it is found that nano-particles cannot remarkably decrease the surface tension of Li Br aqueous solution/ammonia. However, the mixed addition of additives and nano-particles can remarkably affect the surface tension of Li Br aqueous solution/ammonia. That is to say, additives play more important role in reducing the surface tension of Li Br aqueous solution/ammonia. But nano-particles may enhance the heat transfer in the absorption refrigeration process.

Lithium bromide catalyzed solvent free method for synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles and imidazopyridines

The first successful lithium bromide mediated solvent free condensation of arylenediamine and esters to obtain 2-substituted benzimidazole and imidazopyridine in good to excellent yields is described.

Effect of Tiotropium Bromide on Expression of CD_8^+CD_(25)^+FoxP_3^+ Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The expression of CD8＋CD25＋FoxP3＋ regulatory T cells（CD8＋Tregs） in the peripheral blood of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）,and the effect of muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist tiotropium bromide on the expression of CD8＋Tregs were investigated.Twenty-three patients with moderate to severe stable COPD were enrolled in this study.All patients inhaled tiotropium bromide（18 μg daily） for 3 months.Before and after inhalation of tiotropium bromide,peripheral blood samples were collected from the patients,and T cells were labeled by three-color labeled monoclonal antibodies.Flow cytometry was used to detect the quantity and percentage of CD8＋T cells,CD8＋CD25＋T cells,CD8＋Tregs,CD4＋T cells,CD4＋CD25＋T cells and CD4＋CD25＋FoxP3＋ regulatory T cells（CD4＋Tregs） respectively.The percentage of CD4＋T cells was increased from（27.82±2.18）% to（35.53±1.3）%（t=3.20,P=0.004） in the peripheral blood of patients with stable COPD after inhalation of tiotropium bromide for 3 months,that of CD4＋CD25＋T cells was decreased from（10.03 ±1.42）% to（4.21 ±0.65）%（t=3.78,P=0.001）,and that of CD8＋Tregs was increased from（8.41 ±1.68）% to（21.34 ±4.20）%（t=2.72,P=0.013）.At baseline,CD8＋T cells,CD8＋CD25＋T cells and CD4＋Tregs were detectable in the peripheral blood,but no significant changes were observed after treatment.Linear correlation analysis revealed that the difference before and after treatment in CD4＋T cells and CD4＋CD25＋T cells was negatively correlated with the ratio of change in CD8＋Tregs before and after treatment（r=-0.61,P=0.013;r=-0.72,P=0.001 respectively）.In the peripheral blood of patients with stable COPD,there was the expression of CD8＋Tregs and CD4＋Tregs.Muscarinic receptor antagonist,tiotropium bromide,can promote the amplification of CD4＋T cells,inhibit the expression of CD25＋T cells,and enhance the expression of CD8＋Tregs.CD8＋Tregs and CD4＋Tregs can be used as new indicators to understand the immune status of patients.They are helpful in judging the treatment efficacy and disease immunophenotype.

Cytotoxicity effect assessment of acid purified carbon nanotubes modified with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide

The cytotoxicities of single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） and acid purified single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNT-COOH） were investigated by spectroscopic analysis. Cell viability and cell apoptosis were applied to assessing the cytotoxicity of SWNT-COOH, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB） and acid purified carbon nanotubes modified with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide （SWNT-COOH/CTAB）. The results indicate that SWNTs are more toxic than SWNT-COOH. Concentration and time-curve analyses indicate that cytotoxicity of SWNT-COOH/CTAB is more related to the toxicity of the surfactant CTAB. The cytotoxicity effect of CTAB and SWNT-COOH/CTAB is acceptable at low concentrations （0.5-25μg/mL）. The cytotoxicity observation suggests that SWNT-COOH/CTAB can safely applied to biomedical field at low concentrations （0.5-25μg/mL）.

Modeling phase equilibria of semiclathrate hydrates of CH_4,CO_2 and N_2 in aqueous solution of tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide

Semiclathrate hydrates of tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide （TBAB） offer potential solution for gas storage, transportation, separation of flue gases and CO2 sequestration. Models for phase equilibria for these systems have not yet been developed in open literatures and thus require urgent attention. In this work, the first attempt has been made to model phase equilibria of semiclathrate hydrates of CH4, CO2 and N2 in aqueous solution of TBAB. A thermodynamic model for gas hydrate system as proposed by Chen and Guo has been extended for semiclathrate hydrates of gases in aqueous solution of TBAB. A correlation for the activity of water relating to the system temperature, concentration of TBAB in the system and the nature of guest gas molecule has been proposed. The model results have been validated against available experimental data on phase equilibria of semiclathrate hydrate systems of aqueous TBAB with different gases as guest molecule. The extended Chen and Guo＇s model is found to be suitable to explain the promotion effect of TBAB for the studied gaseous system such as, methane, carbon dioxide and nitrogen as a guest molecule. Additionally, a correlation for the increase in equilibrium formation temperature （hydrate promotion temperature, ATp） of semiclathrate hydrate system with respect to pure gas hydrate system has been developed and applied to semiclathrate hydrate of TBAB with several gases as guest molecules. The developed correlation is found to predict the promotion effect satisfactorily for the system studied.

Highly efficient solvent-free synthesis of quinazolin-4(3H)-ones and 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones using tetrabutylammonium bromide as novel ionic liquid catalyst

A simple and efficient procedure for the synthesis of 2-arylquinazolin-4（3H）-ones has been developed through cyclocondensation of 2-aminobenzamide with aromatic aldehydes using tetrabutylammonium bromide（TBAB） as novel neutral ionic liquid catalyst in the presence of copper（Ⅱ） chloride（CuCl;） as oxidizing agent under solvent-free conditions at 100℃.In the absence of CuCl;and under a nitrogen atmosphere,the unoxidized intermediates,2-aryl-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4（1H）-ones,were isolated. Treatment of these intermediates with CuCl;in TBAB media gave the oxidized products 2-arylquinazolin-4（3H）-ones.On the other hand,cyclocondensation of 2-aminobenzamide with aromatic aldehydes in TBAB under microwave irradiation directly gave 2- arylquinazolin-4（3H）-ones.

Otilonium bromide in irritable bowel syndrome:A dose-ranging randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

AIM: To examine the efficacy and safety of otilonium bromide (OB) in treatment-sensitive functional irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) clinical parameters.

Tetrahydrofuran Ring-opening with Acyloxyphosphonium Bromide Catalyzed by Zinc Bromide: An Effective Method for the Preparation of 4-Bromobutyl Esters

Catalyzed by zinc bromide, tetrahydrofuran ring can be opened with acyloxyphos- phonium bromide generated in situ to afford 4-bromobutyl esters under mild conditions in good to excellent yields.

Flotation de-silicating from diasporic-bauxite with cetyl trimethylammonium bromide

Using cetyl trimethylammonium bromide （CTAB） as collector, the flotation de-silicating from diasporic-bauxite was investigated. And the Zeta potentials and contact-angles of silicate minerals and diaspore were also stu-（died.）The results show that in the presence of 2×10-4 mol·L-1CTAB, the surface charges of pyrophyllite, kaolinite and illite become more positive, and the contact angles of these three silicates also increase evidently in the pH range of 2-8, but the Zeta potentials and contact angles of diaspore change little. So, the floatability of the four minerals is in the following order: pyrophyllite>kaolinite≈illite>diaspore. The open-circuit flotation results also show that a bauxite concentrate with m（Al2O3）/m（SiO2） over 9.3 and Al2O3 recovery over 76% can be obtained from diasporic-bauxite ore. The result of XRD of the bauxite concentrate shows that pyrophyllite is easier to be removed from diasporic-bauxite than illite and kaolinite due to its better floatability.

The effect of cations(NH_4^+,Na^+,K^+,and Ca^(2+)) on chemical deactivation of commercial SCR catalyst by bromides

Alkali and alkaline‐earth metals from fly ash have a significant deactivation effect on catalysts used for selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3(NH3‐SCR).Bromides are considered effective additives to improve Hg0 oxidation on SCR catalysts.In this work,the effects of different bromides(NH4Br,NaBr,KBr,and CaBr2)on a commercial V2O5‐WO3/TiO2 catalyst were studied.NOx conversion decreased significantly over the KBr‐poisoned catalyst(denoted as L‐KBr),while that over NaBr‐and CaBr2‐poisoned catalysts(denoted as L‐NaBr and L‐CaBr,respectivity)decreased to a lesser extent compared with the fresh sample.Poor N2 selectivity was observed over L‐NaBr,L‐KBr and L‐CaBr catalysts.The decrease in the ratio of chemisorbed oxygen to total surface oxygen(Oα/(Oα+Oβ+Ow)),reducibility and surface acidity might contribute to the poor activity and N2 selectivity over L‐KBr catalyst.The increased Oαratio was conducive to the enhanced reducibility of L‐CaBr.Combined with enhanced surface acidity,this might offset the negative effect of the loss of active sites by CaBr2 covering.The overoxidation of NH3 and poor N2 selectivity in NH3 oxidation should retard the SCR activity at high temperatures over L‐CaBr catalyst.The increased basicity might contribute to increased NOx adsorption on L‐KBr and L‐CaBr catalysts.A correlation between the acid‐basic and redox properties of bromide‐poisoned catalysts and their catalytic properties is established.

Jahn-Teller Effect on Binary Indium Bromide─An Ab Initio Study

In order to elucidate the unusual chemical sensitivity of binary indium bromides. thepotential energy surface of the model complex InBr87- has been studied by means of ah initio all-electron calculation with larger basis sets. The configuration is on a local maximum of the energysurface and crystal potential around In+ is soft, allowing small spontaneous distortions as a result ofa second-order Jahn-Teller instability.