Knowledge of ground stresses is crucial for ground control activities such as the design of underground openings,selec-tion of support systems,and analysis for stability.However,it is a known fact that far field stres...Knowledge of ground stresses is crucial for ground control activities such as the design of underground openings,selec-tion of support systems,and analysis for stability.However,it is a known fact that far field stresses experience changes in orientation and magnitude due to the presence of geological structures and due to the excavations created by mining activi-ties.As a result,in-situ stresses around drifts,ramps,and stopes in underground mines are quite different from far field or pre-mining stresses.The purpose of this research is to develop a simple and practical methodology for determining in-situ stresses.Stress relief occurs once the rock core is drilled off.Such relief is a function of the surrounding stress field.This study uses exploration rock cores that are drilled off for the purpose of orebody definition in the underground mine.The method measures and analyzes the diametral core deformations in laboratory.Two case studies from operating underground mines are presented for demonstration.In these case studies,rock core deformations are measured with a customized test apparatus and rock samples were prepared and tested for Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio.The differential stress,namely the difference between the local principal stresses in the plane perpendicular to the core rock axis is calculated.It is shown that this methodology is useful for determining the brittle shear ratio in the rock mass,which is of primary interest to ground control studies.展开更多
A foremost general contraction condition is introduced to prove the existence of fixed points for a self-mapping in a somplete metric space whose orbital diametral functions are closed. This condition covers not only ...A foremost general contraction condition is introduced to prove the existence of fixed points for a self-mapping in a somplete metric space whose orbital diametral functions are closed. This condition covers not only the Kannan type but also covers Reich, and Hardy and Roger's type contractive conditions. An example is given in its support.展开更多
A 10 ha deciduous seasonal forest fragment (15°45'54''S and 49°04'03''W) found in the bioregion of the Savanna Eco Museum localized in the state of Goiás, Brazil was studied. For...A 10 ha deciduous seasonal forest fragment (15°45'54''S and 49°04'03''W) found in the bioregion of the Savanna Eco Museum localized in the state of Goiás, Brazil was studied. For the phytosociological survey, 10 sample plots of 20 × 20 m were systematically located. All living trees of 5 cm DBH and above were measured with the plot boundaries. There were 742 individuals belonging to 83 species and 38 families. The richest families in terms of the number of species were Leguminosae, Rubiaceae, Myrtaceae, Apocynaceae and Chrisobalanaceae, which contributed 48% of the total species. The species with the highest importance value indices (IVI) were Tapira quianensis (Aubl.), Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) March., Callisthene mayor (Mart.), Amaioua guianensis (Aubl.) and Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan. The Shannon diversity index was 3.80 nats/individuals and the Pielou equality index was 0.86 for the total population. 549 sampled trees had DBH values lower than 30 cm. This indicates that this forest has a high potential for natural succession. Two DBH distributions were observed: the typical reverse “J”, described frequently in the literature, and a nearly Gaussian distribution.展开更多
In this paper we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a graph G with diameter 4 to be 3-diameter-stable.This result extended some known results.
The line persistence of a graph G, ρ 1 (G) is the minimum number of lines which must be removed to increase the diameter of G. In this paper we give a characterization of graphs of diameter five with ρ 1(G)≥2.
The study of the performances of the Archean of Man gneiss aggregates with the addition of filler to replace the basalt of Kasila group in the asphalt and concrete mix design of southern Sierra Leone is presented in t...The study of the performances of the Archean of Man gneiss aggregates with the addition of filler to replace the basalt of Kasila group in the asphalt and concrete mix design of southern Sierra Leone is presented in this document. The goal is to compare the results of the asphalt and concrete mix design with gneiss and basalt aggregate. The applied methods and design used are 1) Volumetric design and Marshall method for the asphalt, 2) French Dreux-Gorisse Method for the concrete. We added 2% of gneissic filler and 2% portland cement type 42.5 R to the asphalt hot mix with the gneiss aggregates to follow the criteria variation. The Marshall, the diametric compression and the Duriez tests require us to perform four different types of mix design. The four mix designs meet the requirements but F2 and F4 give the best mechanical properties. F2 (gneiss + 2% filler) and F4 (basalt) have many similarities from which we can conclude their interchangeability. F2 gives 5255 of optimal bitumen content. In regards to hydraulic concrete, the results of the compressive strength test (cement content 350 kg CMI 42.5 R/m3) with the gneiss and basalt aggregates are respectively 40 MPa and 45 MPa at 28 days curing: these values are greater than 35 MPa required by the technical specifications. The use of the Super Fluid ® Thermoplast 120 admixture, to increase the concrete compressive strength, is justified by the requirement of a minimum of 80% Rc28 at 24 hours. For both types of concrete, we have at 24 hours, 34 and 35 MPa which are higher than the minimum of 32 MPa (in 24 h). These results meet the requirements of the technical specifications.展开更多
Tooth-tip Leakage flux(TLF)has a major effect on the prediction of air-gap flux distribution and electromagnetic torque in the permanent magnet(PM)machines.Therefore,deriving a model for TLF is necessary for machine d...Tooth-tip Leakage flux(TLF)has a major effect on the prediction of air-gap flux distribution and electromagnetic torque in the permanent magnet(PM)machines.Therefore,deriving a model for TLF is necessary for machine design and optimization.Accurate modeling of TLF can lead to fast and precise solutions,which ease the analysis of electromagnetic devices.It also provides the opportunity to increase torque density by more efficient utilization of PM’s volume and prevent saturation in machine optimization.This paper presents a method for modeling and analyzing TLFs in a radial-flux dual-stator permanent magnet(DSPM)machine with diametrically magnetized cylindrical permanent magnets(DMCPM)in series and parallel magnetic circuit structures.In this model,some expressions in terms of machine dimensions are derived for the TLF analysis.Finite element method(FEM)is applied to validate the proposed model.Results indicate that the maximum error between the proposed model and FEM is insignificant(less than 6%).Finally,by a prototyped machine the validity of the proposed model was investigated with the experimental tests.展开更多
Data of increment of the remnant trees after logging, ingrowth and mortality was obtained by assessment before logging and after 6 years, two sites of 50 ha, in Amazon forest. Logging scenarios were simulated to ident...Data of increment of the remnant trees after logging, ingrowth and mortality was obtained by assessment before logging and after 6 years, two sites of 50 ha, in Amazon forest. Logging scenarios were simulated to identify the logging rate potential for each studying site, by diameter class projection method. The cycle of 35 years and the logging rate of 30 m3.ha-1 exceed the time required for recovery in the primary forest, in the studied site. The simulation showed that in the studying area, a well-planned logging, with minimum logging damage would be possible to implement an initial cycle of 25 years to the forest to recover 30 m3.ha-1, if 50% of the timber stock were reserved. The forest increment, beyond important factors such as the increase of individual species, is quite dependent on the remnant trees.展开更多
In this paper, some topological concepts and definitions are generalized to cone metric spaces. It is proved that every cone metric space is first countable topological space and that sequentially compact subsets axe ...In this paper, some topological concepts and definitions are generalized to cone metric spaces. It is proved that every cone metric space is first countable topological space and that sequentially compact subsets axe compact. Also, we define diametrically contractive mappings and asymptotically diametrically contractive mappings on cone metric spaces to obtain some fixed point theorems by assuming that our cone is strongly minihedral.展开更多
The Merrifield–Simmons indexσis the total number of independent vertex sets(including the empty set)of the graph G.The Wiener index W is the sum of distances in all unordered pairs of vertices of G.We construct some...The Merrifield–Simmons indexσis the total number of independent vertex sets(including the empty set)of the graph G.The Wiener index W is the sum of distances in all unordered pairs of vertices of G.We construct some new graphs satisfyingσ>W and W>σ,respectively.In particular,infinite graphs satisfying W>σare invented with graphs with diameter 2 and infinite ones satisfyingσ>W are discovered with so-called universally diametrical graphs.展开更多
文摘Knowledge of ground stresses is crucial for ground control activities such as the design of underground openings,selec-tion of support systems,and analysis for stability.However,it is a known fact that far field stresses experience changes in orientation and magnitude due to the presence of geological structures and due to the excavations created by mining activi-ties.As a result,in-situ stresses around drifts,ramps,and stopes in underground mines are quite different from far field or pre-mining stresses.The purpose of this research is to develop a simple and practical methodology for determining in-situ stresses.Stress relief occurs once the rock core is drilled off.Such relief is a function of the surrounding stress field.This study uses exploration rock cores that are drilled off for the purpose of orebody definition in the underground mine.The method measures and analyzes the diametral core deformations in laboratory.Two case studies from operating underground mines are presented for demonstration.In these case studies,rock core deformations are measured with a customized test apparatus and rock samples were prepared and tested for Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio.The differential stress,namely the difference between the local principal stresses in the plane perpendicular to the core rock axis is calculated.It is shown that this methodology is useful for determining the brittle shear ratio in the rock mass,which is of primary interest to ground control studies.
文摘A foremost general contraction condition is introduced to prove the existence of fixed points for a self-mapping in a somplete metric space whose orbital diametral functions are closed. This condition covers not only the Kannan type but also covers Reich, and Hardy and Roger's type contractive conditions. An example is given in its support.
文摘A 10 ha deciduous seasonal forest fragment (15°45'54''S and 49°04'03''W) found in the bioregion of the Savanna Eco Museum localized in the state of Goiás, Brazil was studied. For the phytosociological survey, 10 sample plots of 20 × 20 m were systematically located. All living trees of 5 cm DBH and above were measured with the plot boundaries. There were 742 individuals belonging to 83 species and 38 families. The richest families in terms of the number of species were Leguminosae, Rubiaceae, Myrtaceae, Apocynaceae and Chrisobalanaceae, which contributed 48% of the total species. The species with the highest importance value indices (IVI) were Tapira quianensis (Aubl.), Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) March., Callisthene mayor (Mart.), Amaioua guianensis (Aubl.) and Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan. The Shannon diversity index was 3.80 nats/individuals and the Pielou equality index was 0.86 for the total population. 549 sampled trees had DBH values lower than 30 cm. This indicates that this forest has a high potential for natural succession. Two DBH distributions were observed: the typical reverse “J”, described frequently in the literature, and a nearly Gaussian distribution.
基金supported by the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No.J50101)
文摘In this paper we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a graph G with diameter 4 to be 3-diameter-stable.This result extended some known results.
文摘The line persistence of a graph G, ρ 1 (G) is the minimum number of lines which must be removed to increase the diameter of G. In this paper we give a characterization of graphs of diameter five with ρ 1(G)≥2.
文摘The study of the performances of the Archean of Man gneiss aggregates with the addition of filler to replace the basalt of Kasila group in the asphalt and concrete mix design of southern Sierra Leone is presented in this document. The goal is to compare the results of the asphalt and concrete mix design with gneiss and basalt aggregate. The applied methods and design used are 1) Volumetric design and Marshall method for the asphalt, 2) French Dreux-Gorisse Method for the concrete. We added 2% of gneissic filler and 2% portland cement type 42.5 R to the asphalt hot mix with the gneiss aggregates to follow the criteria variation. The Marshall, the diametric compression and the Duriez tests require us to perform four different types of mix design. The four mix designs meet the requirements but F2 and F4 give the best mechanical properties. F2 (gneiss + 2% filler) and F4 (basalt) have many similarities from which we can conclude their interchangeability. F2 gives 5255 of optimal bitumen content. In regards to hydraulic concrete, the results of the compressive strength test (cement content 350 kg CMI 42.5 R/m3) with the gneiss and basalt aggregates are respectively 40 MPa and 45 MPa at 28 days curing: these values are greater than 35 MPa required by the technical specifications. The use of the Super Fluid ® Thermoplast 120 admixture, to increase the concrete compressive strength, is justified by the requirement of a minimum of 80% Rc28 at 24 hours. For both types of concrete, we have at 24 hours, 34 and 35 MPa which are higher than the minimum of 32 MPa (in 24 h). These results meet the requirements of the technical specifications.
文摘Tooth-tip Leakage flux(TLF)has a major effect on the prediction of air-gap flux distribution and electromagnetic torque in the permanent magnet(PM)machines.Therefore,deriving a model for TLF is necessary for machine design and optimization.Accurate modeling of TLF can lead to fast and precise solutions,which ease the analysis of electromagnetic devices.It also provides the opportunity to increase torque density by more efficient utilization of PM’s volume and prevent saturation in machine optimization.This paper presents a method for modeling and analyzing TLFs in a radial-flux dual-stator permanent magnet(DSPM)machine with diametrically magnetized cylindrical permanent magnets(DMCPM)in series and parallel magnetic circuit structures.In this model,some expressions in terms of machine dimensions are derived for the TLF analysis.Finite element method(FEM)is applied to validate the proposed model.Results indicate that the maximum error between the proposed model and FEM is insignificant(less than 6%).Finally,by a prototyped machine the validity of the proposed model was investigated with the experimental tests.
文摘Data of increment of the remnant trees after logging, ingrowth and mortality was obtained by assessment before logging and after 6 years, two sites of 50 ha, in Amazon forest. Logging scenarios were simulated to identify the logging rate potential for each studying site, by diameter class projection method. The cycle of 35 years and the logging rate of 30 m3.ha-1 exceed the time required for recovery in the primary forest, in the studied site. The simulation showed that in the studying area, a well-planned logging, with minimum logging damage would be possible to implement an initial cycle of 25 years to the forest to recover 30 m3.ha-1, if 50% of the timber stock were reserved. The forest increment, beyond important factors such as the increase of individual species, is quite dependent on the remnant trees.
基金Supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-Turkey)
文摘In this paper, some topological concepts and definitions are generalized to cone metric spaces. It is proved that every cone metric space is first countable topological space and that sequentially compact subsets axe compact. Also, we define diametrically contractive mappings and asymptotically diametrically contractive mappings on cone metric spaces to obtain some fixed point theorems by assuming that our cone is strongly minihedral.
基金supported by NNSF of China (Grant No. 11671202)supported by National Research Foundation funded by the Korean government (Grant No. 2021R1F1A1050)
文摘The Merrifield–Simmons indexσis the total number of independent vertex sets(including the empty set)of the graph G.The Wiener index W is the sum of distances in all unordered pairs of vertices of G.We construct some new graphs satisfyingσ>W and W>σ,respectively.In particular,infinite graphs satisfying W>σare invented with graphs with diameter 2 and infinite ones satisfyingσ>W are discovered with so-called universally diametrical graphs.
