Optimization of dendritic TS-1/Silica micro–mesoporous composites for efficient hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene

A novel composite material(TD)composed of TS-1 microcrystalline and dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres(DMSNs)was successfully prepared.The TD composite material had open pore structure and large specific surface area,which was conducive to the mass transfer of reactants and products.The Ti element in TS-1 could be used as an electron assistant,and the spillover d-electrons were conducive to the improvement of the sulfidation and dispersion of MoS_(2),thereby forming more type II MoS_(2) active phases.The incorporation of Ti could bring more Brønsted(B)and Lewis(L)acid,which was conducive to the hydrogenation pathway(HYD)selectivity(41.2%)of dibenzothiophene(DBT)hydrodesulfurization(HDS)and isomerization(ISO)route selectivity(21.9%)of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene(4,6-DMDBT)HDS,thus improve the HDS activity of DBT and 4,6-DMDBT.NiMo/TD-70(Aging temperature=70℃)had the best HDS activities of DBT(99.0%)and 4,6-DMDBT(93.7%)due to its large open pore structure,good acidity,suitable metal-support interaction(MSI)and perfect dispersion of the metallic active sites.

基于蒽核深蓝光材料的合成及电致发光性能

以蒽作为三线态‐三线态湮灭(TTA)型蓝光材料的基元,通过在蒽的9和10位分别引入弱给电子基团二苯并噻吩和弱吸电子基团苯氰,设计合成了两个给体‐受体型深蓝光TTA材料4‐(10‐(二苯并[b,d]噻吩‐4‐基)蒽‐9‐基)苯腈(2)和4‐(10‐(二苯并[b,d]噻吩‐2‐基)蒽‐9‐基)苯腈(3),并对它们的热稳定性、电化学性质、光物理性质及电致发光性质进行了系统表征。在纯膜状态下,两个化合物的光致发光峰分别位于445 nm和451 nm处,光致发光量子产率分别为40.2%和57.9%。基于化合物2和3的非掺杂器件的电致发光峰分别位于448 nm和458 nm处,实现了深蓝光发射。两个器件获得了较好的发光效率,其最大电流效率分别为4.2 cd·A^(-1)和6.9 cd·A^(-1),最大功率效率分别为2.3 lm·W^(-1)和3.6 lm·W^(-1),最大外量子效率分别为3.8%和5.6%。即使在1 000 cd·m^(-2)亮度下,两个器件的外量子效率依然保持在3.7%和5.4%,表现出极低的效率滚降。

Al_(2)O_(3)基材作载体制备MoP加氢脱硫催化剂的研究

采用低温燃烧法和溶剂热法分别合成了富含五配位Al^(3+)物种的氧化铈改性Al_(2)O_(3)(Ce-Al_(2)O_(3))和介孔-大孔Al_(2)O_(3)(M-Al_(2)O_(3));通过程序升温还原浸渍法负载的Mo的磷酸盐前驱体制备了MoP催化剂。以二苯并噻吩(DBT)为模型含硫化合物评价了其加氢脱硫(HDS)性能。结果表明,M-Al_(2)O_(3)上制备纯相MoP所需磷酸盐前驱体的P/Mo摩尔比在1~1.2之间。DBT在MoP催化剂上转化率大小为MoP(1)/SiO_(2)>MoP(1)/Ce-Al_(2)O_(3)>MoP(1.2)/M-Al_(2)O_(3)。动力学研究表明,DBT在MoP(1)/Ce-Al_(2)O_(3)和MoP(1.2)/M-Al_(2)O_(3)上的HDS反应活化能几乎相同,显著小于MoP(1)/SiO_(2)上的活化能。在MoP催化剂上,直接脱硫(DDS)路径选择性随温度的增加而增加。在较低的温度下(如280℃),DBT主要通过加氢(HYD)反应路径脱硫;在较高的温度下(如360℃),DDS和HYD两条反应路径并重。

Fe基催化剂的酸性调控及其对加氢脱硫反应路径选择性的影响

以Fe作为主活性金属、Zn作为助活性金属,制备了Y型分子筛改性的Fe基加氢脱硫(HDS)催化剂。采用低温氮气物理吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、氢气程序升温还原(H_(2)-TPR)、氨气程序升温脱附(NH_(3)-TPD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和吡啶红外(Py-IR)等表征方法对改性前后Fe基催化剂的形貌、孔结构、分散性、还原性、电子缺陷结构以及酸性等变化进行了研究,并使用固定床反应器对Fe基催化剂的HDS性能进行了评价。结果表明,Y型分子筛的引入提供了Bronsted(B)酸中心,使得Fe基催化剂的脱硫率提高了10.7%-34.1%。同时,B酸中心提高了催化剂的直接脱硫(DDS)反应路径的选择性。此外,B酸中心在促进DDS反应路径选择性增加的同时,抑制了预加氢脱硫(HYD)反应路径中四氢二苯并噻吩(THDBT)和六氢二苯并噻吩(HHDBT)更进一步的深度加氢,从而在保证脱硫率提升的同时又降低了氢耗。其根本原因可能是Y型分子筛的引入增强了催化剂的酸性,特别是B酸中心和活性金属之间的相互作用促进了电子转移,从而调节了Fe物种的电子缺陷结构,进而提升了催化剂的HDS性能。

Few-layered hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets stabilized Pt NPs for oxidation promoted adsorptive desulfurization of fuel oil

A few-layered hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets stabilized platinum nanoparticles(Pt/h-BNNS)is engineered for oxidation-promoted adsorptive desulfurization(OPADS)of fuel oil.It was found that the few-layered structure and the defective sites of h-BNNS not only are beneficial to the stabilization of Pt NPs but also favor the adsorption of aromatic sulfides.By employing Pt/h-BNNS with a Pt loading amount of 1.19 wt%as the active adsorbent and air as an oxidant,a 98.0%sulfur removal over dibenzothiophene(DBT)is achieved along with a total conversion of the DBT to the corresponding sulfones(DBTO_(2)).Detailed experiments show that the excellent desulfurization activity originates from the few-layered structure of h-BNNS and the high catalytic activity of Pt NPs.In addition,the OPADS system with Pt/h-BNNS as the active adsorbent shows remarkable stability in desulfurization performance with the existence of different interferents such as olefin,and aromatic hydrocarbons.Besides,the Pt/h-BNNS can be recycled 12 times without a significant decrease in desulfurization performance.Also,a process flow diagram is proposed for deep desulfurization of fuel oil and recovery of high value-added products,which would promote the industrial application of such OPADS strategy.

Oil maturity assessment using maturity indicators based on methylated dibenzothiophenes

Aromatic fractions of 140 oils and condensates that originated from different types of source rocks （marine shale,terrestrial shale and marine carbonate） were analyzed using gas chromatographymass spectrometry （GC-MS） to investigate the relative distributions of methylated dibenzothiophenes with respect to thermal maturity.The positions of methyl groups of trimethyldibenzothiophene isomers （TMDBTs） including those used in the definition of maturity indicator TMDBT index in previous studies were firmly identified by co-elution of internal standards in GC-MS analysis and by comparing with reported retention indices.A new maturity ratio related to dimethyldibenzothiophenes （DMDBTs） is proposed on the basis of the differences in thermodynamic stability among different DMDBT isomers.Another maturity index （TMDBT-I2） based on TMDBTs is also suggested on the basis of our empirical observations and presumed thermodynamic stability of TMDBT isomers.These two newly proposed （2,6 ＋ 3,6）-/1,4-DMDBT ratio and TMDBT-I2 correlate well with MDR （4-/1-methyldibenzothiophene）and 2,4-/1,4-DMDBT ratios,suggesting their common chemical reaction mechanisms and similar behavior with increasing maturity.Therefore,they can be effectively applied for maturity assessments.Furthermore,the TMDBTs related maturity parameters are more reliable for over-mature oils and condensates due to the relatively higher concentrations of thermodynamically unstable TMDBT isomers,i.e.1,4,6-,1,4,8-and 3,4,6-TMDBT in this study than those of 1-methyldibenzothiophene （1-MDBT） or 1,4-DMDBT.In contrast with 4,6-/1,4-DMDBT,the newly proposed （2,6 ＋ 3,6）-/1,4-DMDBT ratios for oils that originated from different types of source rocks have approximately same relationship with the oil maturity （Rc %）.This suggests that the lithology and organic facies may have relatively less influence on （2,6 ＋ 3,6）-/1,4-DMDBT ratio compared to 4,6-/1,4-DMDBT.The maturity parameters based on methylated dibenzothiophenes are particularly useful in the maturity assessments of post-and over-mature oils and condensates and can complement maturity indicators based on steranes and terpanes.

Desulfurization of dibenzothiophene by a newly isolated Corynebacterium sp. ZD-1 in aqueous phase

Sulfur emission through fuel combustion is a global problem because it is a major cause of acid rain. Crud oil contains many heterocyclic organic sulfur compounds, among which dibenzothiophene(DBT) and DBTs bearing alkyl substitutions usually are representative compounds. A strain was isolated from refinery sludge and identified as Corynebacterium ZD-1. The behavior of DBT degradation by ZD-1 in aqueous phase was investigated. Corynebacterium ZD-1 could metabolize DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl(2-HBP) as the dead-end metabolite through a sulfur-specific pathway. In shake flask culture, ZD-1 had its maximal desulfurization activity in the late exponential growth phase and the specific production rate of 2-HBP was about 0.14(mmol·kg dry cell -1·min -1, mmol·KDC -1·min -1). Active resting cells for desulfurization should be prepared only in this period. 2-HBP inhibited the growth of strain ZD-1, the production of DBT degradation enzymes, and the activity of enzymes. Sulfate inhibited the production of dibenzothiophene(DBT) degradation enzymes but had no effect on the enzymes' activity. The production rates of 2-HBP at lower cell densities were higher and the maximum amount conversion of DBT to 2-HBP(0.067 mmol/L) after 8 h was gained at 9.2 g dry cell/L rather higher cell density. The results indicated that this newly isolated strain could be a promising biocatalyst for DBT desulfurization.

Photocatalytic Oxidative Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene on TiO2 Modified Bimodal Mesoporous Silica

By using the bimodal mesoporous silica(BMMS) as the carrier and butyl titanate as the titanium source, the TiO_2/BMMS catalyst was prepared. The samples were characterized by XRD, XRF, N_2 adsorption and desorption, FTIR, UVvis,SEM, EDS, and TEM techniques. The test results showed that TiO_2 was amorphous, the TiO_2/BMMS catalyst had an ordered bimodal mesoporous structure, and the chemical interaction existed between BMMS and TiO_2. Since the TiO_2/BMMS had a lower band gap, its photocatalytic activity was better than TiO_2. Under UV irradiation a one-pot PODS system was set up, using TiO_2/BMMS as the catalyst, H_2O_2 as the oxidant, and methanol as the solvent. The TiO_2/BMMS catalyst showed better photocatalytic activity than the mono-modal mesoporous TiO_2/SBA-15 catalyst, and the desulfurization rate of dibenzothiophene(DBT) over TiO_2/BMMS catalyst could reach 99._2%. The TiO_2/BMMS catalyst also had so good stability that the desulfurization rate of DBT did not drop apparently after 8 cycles of reusing, and could still be close to 90%.

Effects of nicotinamide and riboflavin on the biodesulfurization activity of dibenzothiophene by Rhodococcus erythropolis USTB-03

Rhodococcus erythropolis USTB-03 is a promising bacterial strain for the biodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene （DBT） via a sulfurspecific pathway in which DBT is converted to 2-hydroxybiphenyl （2HBP） as an end product. The effects of nicotinamide and riboflavin on the sulfur specific activity （SA） of DBT biodesulfurization by R. erythropolis USTB-03 were investigated. Both nicotinamide and riboflavin were found to enhance the expression of SA, which was not previously reported. When R. erythropolis USTB-03 was grown on a medium containing nicotinamide of 10.0 mmol or riboflavin of 50.0 μmol, SA was raised from 68.0 or so to more than 130 mmol 2HBP/（kg dry cells.h）. When R. erythropolis USTB-03 was grown in the presence of both nicotinamide of 5.0 mmol and riboflavin of 25.0 μmol, SA was further increased to 159.0 mmol 2HBP/（kg dry cells.h）. It is suggested that the biological synthesis of reduced form of flavin mononucleotide （FMNH2）, an essential coenzyme for the activities of biodesulfurization enzyme Dsz C and A, might be enhanced by nicotinamide and riboflavin, which was responsible for the increased SA of R. erythropolis USTB-03.

Optimization for Microbial Degradation of Dibenzothiophene by Pseudomonas sp. LKY-5 Using Response Surface Methodology

In this research, the degradation of dibenzothiophene(DBT) was investigated by using Pseudomonas sp. LKY-5 isolated from oil contaminated soil. The response surface methodology(RSM) based on the Box-Behnken design(BBD) was applied for evaluating the interactive effects of four independent variables including substrate concentration, temperature, pH and agitation rate on the DBT removal response. A total of 29 experiments for four factors at three levels were conducted in present study. A second-order regression model was then developed, and the analysis of variance(ANOVA) illustrated that the proposed quadratic model could be utilized to navigate the design space. The value of determination coefficient(R2=0.953 4) indicated a satisfactory agreement between the quadratic model and the experimental data. It was found that DBT removal was more significantly affected(P<0.000 1) by substrate concentration compared with other three parameters. An 100% degradation of DBT could be obtained by Pseudomonas sp. LKY-5 at a substrate concentration of 100 mg/L.

Amorphous TiO_2-supported Keggin-type ionic liquid catalyst catalytic oxidation of dibenzothiophene in diesel

Supported ionic liquid(IL) catalysts [Cmim]PMoO/Am TiO(amorphous TiO) were synthesized through a one-step method for extraction coupled catalytic oxidative desulfurization(ECODS) system. Characterizations such as FTIR, DRS,wide-angle XRD, Nadsorption–desorption and XPS were applied to analyze the morphology and Keggin structure of the catalysts. In ECODS with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant, it was found that ILs with longer alkyl chains in the cationic moiety had a better effect on the removal of dibenzothiophene. The desulfurization could reach 100% under optimal conditions, and GC–MS analysis was employed to detect the oxidized product after the reaction. Factors affecting the desulfurization efficiencies were discussed, and a possible mechanism was proposed. In addition, cyclic experiments were also conducted to investigate the recyclability of the supported catalyst. The catalytic activity of [Cmim]PMoO/Am TiOonly dropped from 100% to 92.9% after ten cycles, demonstrating the good recycling performance of the catalyst and its potential industrial application.

Study of Dibenzothiophene Adsorption Over Carbon Nanotube Supported CoMo HDS Catalysts

Adsorption properties of dibenzothiophene (DBT) on a CNT (carbon nanotube) support as well as on CoMoS/CNT and CoMoO/CNT catalysts have been studied. Consecutive desorption of adsorbates was measured by TGA. The commonly used carriers AC (activated carbon), γ-Al_2O_3, and their supported catalysts (CoMoO/AC, CoMoS/AC, CoMoO/γ-Al_2O_3, CoMoS/γ-Al_2O_3)were also subjected to analysis for comparison. The acidic properties of the samples were characterized using the NH_3-TPD technique. Correlation between the adsorption of DBT and the acidic properties of the catalysts has been established. It was found that the Co-Mo catalysts in the sulfide state adsorbed much more DBT molecules than the corresponding Co-Mo catalysts in the oxide state. The CoMoS/CNT catalyst exhibited very high HDS activity and selectivity, as compared with the CoMoS/γ-Al)_2O_3 catalysts. Based on the BET data and the high hydrogenolysis/hydrogenation selectivity of the CoMoS/CNT, it was deduced that more than 90% of the DBT molecules adsorbed on the CoMoS/CNT with an end-on mode, and the surface of the CoMoS/CNT catalyst was almost fully covered with DBT molecules. Although the AC support had very high surface area and high loading ability, the AC supported CoMoS catalyst showed lower HDS activity, as compared with the CoMoS/γ-Al_2O_3 catalyst.

Oxidation of Dibenzothiophene in Model Diesel Using Hydroperoxide Generated via In-Situ Reaction of Octane with Oxygen

The potential of carrying out oxidative desulfurization(ODS) using oxygen as an oxidant was explored in this work. n-Octane firstly reacted with oxygen to produce hydroperoxides in-situ, which were then used as oxidants to oxidize the dibenzothiophene(DBT) in the absence of catalysts. The hydroperoxides generated in-situ were effective in oxidizing DBT to its corresponding dibenzothiophene sulfone(DBTO_2) which was characterized by FT-IR and ~1H-NMR. The removal rate of DBT could reached 98.4% under conditions covering a temperaure of 140℃, a rection duration of 4 h, and an oxygen partial pressure of 0.4 MPa. The influences of different hydrocarbon components in diesel on DBT removal were investigated. The results showed that cyclohexane and n-dodecane had no effect on the removal of DBT, but xylene had a slight negative effect on DBT removal. A possible oxidation mechanism was proposed and the concentration of hydroperoxides in both O_2-oxidized octane and model diesel were detected.

Two-photon Absorption and Optical Power Limiting Properties of Two Novel Dibenzothiophene-based Chromophores

Two novel V-shaped symmetric chromophores： E-2,8-bis（4-vinyl-4-carbazol-9-yl）diben- zothiophene （abbreviated as SK-G1） and E-2,8-bis（4-vinyl-4-triphenylamino） dibenzothiophene （abbreviated as ST-G1） have been synthesized and characterized. Their two photon absorption properties were measured by the open-aperture femtosecond Z-scan technique and the nanosecond nonlinear optical transmission （NLT）, respectively, when pumped by Ti： sapphire laser at 750 nm and 800 nm.

Solvothermal Synthesis of V_2O_3 Catalysts for Oxidative Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene

V2O3 nanoparticles with high surface area have been successfully prepared by a new solvothermal method without using any surfactant and template. The size of V2O3 nanoparticles is mostly equal to 10 nm-30 nm. The highest surface area of obtained V2O3 nanoparticles reaches 49 m2/g. Several kinds of V2O3 catalysts were prepared by different methods. All these V2O3 catalysts obtained thereby showed high catalytic activity for oxidative desulfurization(ODS) reaction by using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant. The V2O3 catalyst with a highest ODS activity was obtained under the following conditions: The catalyst was prepared upon using V2O5 as the vanadium source, methanol as the solvent, and oxalic acid as the complexing reagent at a V2O5/oxalic acid molar ratio of 1:2. The process for ODS of dibenzothiophene was carried out under mild conditions(under atmospheric pressure and at a relatively low temperature). The highest ODS activity of the obtained V2O3 nanoparticles can be attributed to their highest surface area.

Isolation of Soil Bacteria Species for Degrading Dibenzothiophene

Five bacterial strains,which are able to grow and to disintegrate dibenzothiophene (DBT) and dibenzothiophene sulfone (DBTO2) in fossil fuels,are isolated.Analysis of products of DBT metabolized by these strains shows that different bacteria strains oxidize DBT by different pathways.The isolated strains R-6,R-16,R-9 and R-8 can metabolize DBT to DBTO2 and 2-hydroxybiphenyl(HBP),which are identified as Bacillus brevis,Bacillus sphaericus,Nocardia globerula and Pseudomonas delafieldii respectively.Another strain R-12 identified as Pseudomonas sp. can degrade DBT completely but it cannot produce DBTO2 and HBP. The optimum temperature and initial pH for desulfurization by R-8 are 32℃ and 7.02 respectively and pH of the broth decreases during biodegradation.The growth of strain R-8 with different sulfur-sources indicates that this strain in DBT medium has an induction period of 3 days,which is longer than those with dimethylsulfoxide and MgSO4 media,but the growth rate of the bacterial strain in DBT is higher after the induction.Higher growth and desulfurization rates are observed in the DBT-hexadecane system than in both DBT-ethanol and DBT-dimethylformamide systems.Both strains of R-8 and R-9 also show higher desulfurization activities toward other sulfur-substrates,indicating that they have greater desulfurization potential in application.

Quantitative Structure-chromatographic Retention Relationship for Polychlorinated Dibenzothiophenes and Their Corresponding Sulfones

Polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes(PCDTs)and their corresponding sulfone(PCDTO2)compounds are a group of important persistent organic pollutants.In the present study,geometrical optimization and subsequent calculations of electrostatic potentials(ESPs)on molecular surface have been performed for all 135 PCDTs and 135 PCDTO2 congeners at the HF/6-31G*level of theory.A number of statistically-based parameters have been extracted.Linear relationship between gas-chromatographic retention index(RI)and the structural descriptors have been established by multiple linear regression.The result shows that two descriptors derived from positive electrostatic potential on molecular surface,σ+^2 andπ,together with the molecular volume(Vmc)and the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(ELUMO)can be well used to express the quantitative structure-retention relationship(QSRR)of PCDTs and PCDTO2.Predictive capability of the two models has been demonstrated by leave-one-out cross-validation with the cross-validated correlation coefficient(RCV)of 0.996 and 0.997,respectively.Furthermore,the predictive power of the models is further examined for the external test set.Correlation coefficients(R)between the observed and predicted RI values for the external test set are 0.997 and0.998,respectively,validating the robustness and good prediction of our model.The QSRR model established may provide again a powerful method for predicting chromatographic properties of aromatic organosulfur compounds.

Preparation of highly active MCM-41 supported Ni_2P catalysts and its dibenzothiophene HDS performance

Highly active MCM-41 supported nickel phosphide catalysts for hydrodesulfurization(HDS) were synthesized by two different phosphorus sources, in which the surface of Ni_2P catalysts were modified by air instead of being passivated by O_2/N_2 mixture. In addition, the catalysts need not be activated with flowing H_2(30 ml·min^(-1))at 500 °C for 2 h prior to reaction as traditional method. X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), N_2-adsorption specific surface area measurements and CO chemisorption were used to characterize the resulting catalysts. The effect of modification with air on the surface of the catalysts for HDS performance was investigated. Results showed that the surface modification with air can promote the formation of smaller Ni_2P particles and more active Ni sites on surface of catalysts. At 3.0 MPa and 613 K, the dibenzothiophene(DBT)conversion of the catalysts modified with air was 98.7%, which was 7.1% higher than that of catalyst passivated by O_2/N_2 mixture. The higher activities of Ni_2P(x)/M41-O catalysts can be attributed to the smaller Ni_2P particles sizes and the increased hydrogen dissociation activity due to the surface modification.

Oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene over Fe promoted Co–Mo/Al_2O_3 and Ni–Mo/Al_2O_3 catalysts using hydrogen peroxide and formic acid as oxidants

This work reports the enhancing effect of a highly cost effective and efficient metal, Fe, incorporation to Co or Ni based Mo/Al_2O_3 catalysts in the oxidative desulfurization(ODS) of dibenzothiophene(DBT) using H_2O_2 and formic acid as oxidants. The influence of operating parameters i.e. reaction time, catalyst dose, reaction temperature and oxidant amount on oxidation process was investigated. Results revealed that 99% DBT conversion was achieved at 60 °C and 150 min reaction time over Fe–Ni–Mo/Al_2O_3. Fe tremendously enhanced the ODS activity of Co or Ni based Mo/Al_2O_3 catalysts following the activity order: Fe–Ni–Mo/Al_2O_3 NFe–Co–Mo/Al_2O_3 NNi–Mo/Al_2O_3 NCo–Mo/Al_2O_3, while H_2O_2 exhibited higher oxidation activity than formic acid over all catalyst systems. Insight about the surface morphology and textural properties of fresh and spent catalysts were achieved using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), energy dispersive X-ray(EDX)analysis, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy(AAS) and BET surface area analysis, which helped in the interpretation of experimental data. The present study can be deemed as an effective approach on industrial level for ODS of fuel oils crediting to its high efficiency, low process/catalyst cost, safety and mild operating condition.

Thermodynamic Properties for Polybrominated Dibenzothiophenes by Density Functional Theory

处于在 298.15 K 和 1.013 × 的气体的状态的 135 polybrominated dibenzothiophenes (PBDT ) 的热力学的性质； 10 5 Pa，用密度被计算功能的理论(B3LYP/6–； 311G**) 与 Gaussian 03。把数据基于这些， isodesmic 反应被设计计算形成的标准热含量(Δ； f H θ) 和形成的标准吉布斯精力(Δ； f PBDT 的 G θ) 。有溴取代者的数字和位置的这些热力学的参数的关系( N PBS )被讨论，并且在那里存在，这被发现在热力学的参数之间的好关联(包括在经常的体积的热能力，熵，热含量，免费精力， Δ ； f H θ, Δ ； f G θ)和 N PBS 。PBDT 同种的物的相对稳定性顺序基于他们的 Δ 的相对大小理论上被建议； f G θ 。另外，在常数的臼齿的热能力的价值迫使(C p，为 PBDT 同种的物的 m ) 被计算。