This study comparatively evaluates the haematological and antioxidant effects of differently prepared (parboiled and un-parboiled) beans treated with sniper (i.e. a dichlorvos insecticide) and fed to wistar albino rat...This study comparatively evaluates the haematological and antioxidant effects of differently prepared (parboiled and un-parboiled) beans treated with sniper (i.e. a dichlorvos insecticide) and fed to wistar albino rats. Thirty (30) male wistar albino rats of known body weight were assigned into six (6) groups of 5 each. The groups received: 70 g and 30 g of un-parboiled beans (groups 1 & 2), 70 g and 30 g (groups 3 & 4) of parboiled beans compounded in the pellets as feed stock, beans only and standard feed for a period of 30 days. The rats were euthanized, and blood samples were collected after the termination of the study. Dichlorvos significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the concentration of the antioxidant enzymes (GSH, GPx, SOD, CAT) in the groups fed with un-parboiled beans unlike the groups fed with parboiled beans which were non-significantly decreased. There was significant increase in the malondialdehyde concentration of the groups fed with un-parboiled beans. Dose dependent variations were seen in the packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb) and platelet. But a reduced concentration of red blood cell count (RBC) for the un-parboiled groups and an increase in the parboiled group were seen, although both were not significant (P < 0.05).展开更多
Background and Objectives: Chronic low-dose exposure to dichlorvos occurs in communities in Africa where the substance is used indiscriminately for a variety of purposes. This experiment used an animal model to evalua...Background and Objectives: Chronic low-dose exposure to dichlorvos occurs in communities in Africa where the substance is used indiscriminately for a variety of purposes. This experiment used an animal model to evaluate genomic instability induced by this pattern of chronic exposure and its relationship with some measures of fertility in males. Methods: Seventy-five male Rattus norvegicus rats obtained for this experiment, were randomly allotted into five groups. Dichlorvos was given by oral gavage at doses of 0.28 mg/kg, 0.56 mg/kg and, 1.68 mg/kg, respectively, to three of the groups, on alternate days for 50 weeks. The remaining two groups received plain drinking water and cyclophosphamide as negative and positive controls, respectively. Samples were collected at 17, 34, and 50 weeks. Sperm count, sperm morphology and serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, dihydrotestosterone, oestrogen and progesterone were determined. Furthermore, the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was determined in bone marrow cells obtained from the femur. Results: The mean ranks of micronuclei frequency had an increasing trend. The frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCE) had a significant negative correlation with oestrogen (r<sub>s</sub> = -0.47, p = 0.00, n = 50), follicle-stimulating hormone (r<sub>s</sub> = -0.41, p = 0.00, n = 50) and progesterone (r<sub>s</sub> = -0.37, p = 0.01, n = 50) serum levels. A positive monotonic relationship also existed between micronuclei frequency and those of tubular necrosis, tubular vacuolation, and residual bodies. A positive significant moderate correlation was found between MnPCE and the proportion of immotile sperms (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.41, p = 0.00, n = 50). Conclusion: The nature of the correlations between micronuclei frequency and the proportion of immotile sperms, adverse histological changes and serum hormone levels found in this study suggest genomic instability as the possible mechanism for diminished fertility in males chronically exposed to dichlorvos.展开更多
Excessive use of organophosphate pesticides(OP),such as dichlorvos,in farming system poses a threat to human health through potential contamination of environment.To date,biodegradation has been prospected most promis...Excessive use of organophosphate pesticides(OP),such as dichlorvos,in farming system poses a threat to human health through potential contamination of environment.To date,biodegradation has been prospected most promising approach to eliminate environmental OP residues.Trichoderma species as a biological control microorganism is often exposed to the chemical pesticides applied in environments,so it is necessary to understand the mechanism of degradation of dichlorvos by Trichoderma.In this study,dichlorvos significantly inhibited the growth,sporulation and pigmentation of T.atroviride T23,and the dichlorvos degradation activity of T23 required the initial induction effect of dichlorvos and the culture conditions,including the nutrient and pH values of the medium.Various changed primary and secondary metabolites released from T23 in the presence of dichlorvos were speculated as the energy and antioxidants for the strain itself to tolerate dichlorvos stress.The results showed that T23 could produce a series of enzymes,especially the intracellular enzymes,to degrade dichlorvos.The activities of the intracellular enzyme generated by T23 were differentially changed along time course and especially relied on initial dichlorvos concentration,ammonium sulfate and phosphate added in the medium.In conclusion,some dichlorvos-induced chemical degradation related enzymes of T23 were proved to be involved in the degradation of dichlorvos.展开更多
文摘This study comparatively evaluates the haematological and antioxidant effects of differently prepared (parboiled and un-parboiled) beans treated with sniper (i.e. a dichlorvos insecticide) and fed to wistar albino rats. Thirty (30) male wistar albino rats of known body weight were assigned into six (6) groups of 5 each. The groups received: 70 g and 30 g of un-parboiled beans (groups 1 & 2), 70 g and 30 g (groups 3 & 4) of parboiled beans compounded in the pellets as feed stock, beans only and standard feed for a period of 30 days. The rats were euthanized, and blood samples were collected after the termination of the study. Dichlorvos significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the concentration of the antioxidant enzymes (GSH, GPx, SOD, CAT) in the groups fed with un-parboiled beans unlike the groups fed with parboiled beans which were non-significantly decreased. There was significant increase in the malondialdehyde concentration of the groups fed with un-parboiled beans. Dose dependent variations were seen in the packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb) and platelet. But a reduced concentration of red blood cell count (RBC) for the un-parboiled groups and an increase in the parboiled group were seen, although both were not significant (P < 0.05).
文摘Background and Objectives: Chronic low-dose exposure to dichlorvos occurs in communities in Africa where the substance is used indiscriminately for a variety of purposes. This experiment used an animal model to evaluate genomic instability induced by this pattern of chronic exposure and its relationship with some measures of fertility in males. Methods: Seventy-five male Rattus norvegicus rats obtained for this experiment, were randomly allotted into five groups. Dichlorvos was given by oral gavage at doses of 0.28 mg/kg, 0.56 mg/kg and, 1.68 mg/kg, respectively, to three of the groups, on alternate days for 50 weeks. The remaining two groups received plain drinking water and cyclophosphamide as negative and positive controls, respectively. Samples were collected at 17, 34, and 50 weeks. Sperm count, sperm morphology and serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, dihydrotestosterone, oestrogen and progesterone were determined. Furthermore, the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was determined in bone marrow cells obtained from the femur. Results: The mean ranks of micronuclei frequency had an increasing trend. The frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCE) had a significant negative correlation with oestrogen (r<sub>s</sub> = -0.47, p = 0.00, n = 50), follicle-stimulating hormone (r<sub>s</sub> = -0.41, p = 0.00, n = 50) and progesterone (r<sub>s</sub> = -0.37, p = 0.01, n = 50) serum levels. A positive monotonic relationship also existed between micronuclei frequency and those of tubular necrosis, tubular vacuolation, and residual bodies. A positive significant moderate correlation was found between MnPCE and the proportion of immotile sperms (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.41, p = 0.00, n = 50). Conclusion: The nature of the correlations between micronuclei frequency and the proportion of immotile sperms, adverse histological changes and serum hormone levels found in this study suggest genomic instability as the possible mechanism for diminished fertility in males chronically exposed to dichlorvos.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872015)the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Program of the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,China(21N41900200)+2 种基金the Shanghai Agricultural Applied Technology Development Program(2022-02-08-00-12-F0-01143)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-02)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0200403).
文摘Excessive use of organophosphate pesticides(OP),such as dichlorvos,in farming system poses a threat to human health through potential contamination of environment.To date,biodegradation has been prospected most promising approach to eliminate environmental OP residues.Trichoderma species as a biological control microorganism is often exposed to the chemical pesticides applied in environments,so it is necessary to understand the mechanism of degradation of dichlorvos by Trichoderma.In this study,dichlorvos significantly inhibited the growth,sporulation and pigmentation of T.atroviride T23,and the dichlorvos degradation activity of T23 required the initial induction effect of dichlorvos and the culture conditions,including the nutrient and pH values of the medium.Various changed primary and secondary metabolites released from T23 in the presence of dichlorvos were speculated as the energy and antioxidants for the strain itself to tolerate dichlorvos stress.The results showed that T23 could produce a series of enzymes,especially the intracellular enzymes,to degrade dichlorvos.The activities of the intracellular enzyme generated by T23 were differentially changed along time course and especially relied on initial dichlorvos concentration,ammonium sulfate and phosphate added in the medium.In conclusion,some dichlorvos-induced chemical degradation related enzymes of T23 were proved to be involved in the degradation of dichlorvos.
