Study of Humidity Effect on Benzene Decomposition by the Dielectric Barrier Discharge Nonthermal Plasma Reactor

The humidity effects on the benzene decomposition process were investigated by the dielectric barrier discharge（DBD） plasma reactor.The results showed that the water vapor played an important role in the benzene oxidation process.It was found that there was an optimum humidity value for the benzene removal efficiency,and at around 60% relative humidity（RH）,the optimum benzene removal efficiency was achieved.At a SIE of 378 J/L,the removal efficiency was 66% at 0% RH,while the removal efficiency reached 75.3% at 60% RH and dropped to 69% at 80% RH.Furthermore,the addition of water inhibited the formation of ozone and NO2 remarkably.Both of the concentrations of ozone and NO2 decreased with increasing of the RH at the same specific input energy.At a SIE of 256 J/L,the concentrations of ozone and NO2 were 5.4 mg/L and 1791 ppm under dry conditions,whereas they were only 3.4 mg/L and 1119 ppm at 63.5%RH,respectively.Finally,the outlet gas after benzene degradation was qualitatively analyzed by FT-IR and GC-MS to determine possible intermediate byproducts.The results suggested that the byproducts in decomposition of benzene primarily consisted of phenol and substitutions of phenol.Based on these byproducts a benzene degradation mechanism was proposed.

Effect of megapore particles packing on dielectric barrier discharge,O_(3) generation and benzene degradation

Recently,packed-bed discharge plasma technologies have been widely studied for treatment of volatile organic compounds(VOCs),due to the good performance in improving the degradation and mineralization of VOCs.In this paper,a coaxial cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge reactor packed with porous material of micron-sized pores was used for degradation of benzene,and the discharge characteristics and ozone generation characteristics were studied.When the discharge length was 12 cm and the filling length was 5 cm,the packed particles in the discharge area significantly increased the number of micro-discharges,and the current amplitude and density increased with the pore size of packed particles,but the discharge power and ozone concentration showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.The discharge power and ozone production reached the maximum when the size of pore former was 75μm,correspondingly,the degradation efficiency of benzene was the highest.

Effects of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Treatment on Pentachlorophenol Removal of Granular Activated Carbon

The pentachlorophenol （PCP） adsorbed granular activated carbon （GAC） was treated by dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） plasma. The effects of DBD plasma on the structure of GAC and PCP decomposition were analyzed by N2 adsorption, thermogravimetric, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and gas chromatographymass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The experimental data of adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of PCP on GAC were fitted with different kinetics and isotherm models, respectively. The results indicate that the types of N2 adsorption isotherm of GAC are not changed by DBD plasma, while the specific surface area and pore volume increase after DBD plasma treatment. It is found that the weight loss of the saturated GAC is the highest, on the contrary, the weight loss of DBD treated GAC is the least because of reduced PCP residue on the GAC. The XPS spectra and SEM image suggest that some PCP on the GAC is removed by DBD plasma, and the surface of GAC treated by DBD plasma presents irregular and heterogeneous morphology. The GC-MS identification of by-products shows that two main dechlorination intermediate products, tetrachlorophenol and trichlorophenol, are distinguished. The fitting results of experimental data of adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics indicate that the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second order models can be used for the prediction of the kinetics of virgin GAC and DBD treated GAC for PCP adsorption, and the Langmuir isotherm model fits better with the data of adsorption isotherm than the Freundlich isotherm in the adsorption of PCP on virgin GAC and DBD treated GAC.

A novel double dielectric barrier discharge reactor with high field emission and secondary electron emission for toluene abatement

Dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)has been extensively investigated in the fields of environment and energy,whereas its practical implementation is still limited due to its unsatisfactory energy efficiency.In order to improve the energy efficiency of DBD,a novel double dielectric barrier discharge(NDDBD)reactor with high field emission and secondary electron emission was developed and compared with traditional DDBD(TDDBD)configuration.Firstly,the discharge characteristics of the two DDBD reactors were analyzed.Compared to TDDBD,the NDDBD reactor exhibited much stronger discharge intensity,higher transferred charge,dissipated power and gas temperature due to the effective utilization of cathode field emission and secondary electron emission.Subsequently,toluene abatement performance of the two reactors was evaluated.The toluene decomposition efficiency and mineralization rate of NDDBD were much higher than that of TDDBD,which were 86.44%-100%versus 28.17%-80.48%and 17.16%-43.42%versus 7.17%-16.44%at 2.17-15.12 W and 1.24-4.90 W respectively.NDDBD also exhibited higher energy yield than TDDBD,whereas the overall energy constant k_(overall)of the two reactors were similar.Finally,plausible toluene decomposition pathway in TDDBD and NDDBD was suggested based on organic intermediates that generated from toluene degradation.The finding of this study is expected to provide reference for the design and optimization of DBD reactor for volatile organic compounds control and other applications.

Behavior of Benzene Decomposition by Using Pulse Modulated Power Supply

For improving the energy efficiency of plasma volatile organic compounds( VOCs) decomposition, a pulse modulated power is used to drive the dielectric barrier discharge( DBD) plasma to treat benzene. Through the change of pulse duty cycle,the pulse modulation effect on benzene removal energy efficiency was investigated. The results show that pulse modulation can improve the energy yield and reduce the temperature of the chamber wall. There is an optimal duty cycle for achieving the maximum energy yield at a certain discharge voltage. The effect of initial benzene concentration on the decomposition efficiency and carbon selectivity in pulse modulation plasma were studied. The results indicate that the removal efficiency and carbon balance increase with the specific input energy( SIE) and decrease with the concentration. The energy yield increases with increasing initial concentration and achieves maximum around 180 J / L SIE for all initial concentrations.

Evaluation on a double-chamber gas-liquid phase discharge reactor for benzene degradation

A double-chamber gas-liquid phase DBD reactor(GLDR), consisting of a gas-phase discharge chamber and a gas-liquid discharge chamber in series, was designed to enhance the degradation of benzene and the emission of NOx. The performance of the GLDR on discharge characteristics,reactive species production and benzene degradation was compared to that of the single-chamber gas phase DBD reactor(GPDR). The effects of discharge gap, applied voltage, initial benzene concentration, gas flow rate and solution conductivity on the degradation and energy yield of benzene in the GLDR were investigated. The GLDR presents a higher discharge power, higher benzene degradation and higher energy yield than that of the GPDR. NO2 emission was remarkably inhibited in the GLDR, possibly due to the dissolution of NO2 in water. The benzene degradation efficiency increased with the applied voltage, but decreased with the initial concentration, gas flow rate, and gas discharge gap, while the solution conductivity presented less influence on benzene degradation. The benzene degradation efficiency and the energy yield reached 61.11% and 1.45 g k Wh-1 at 4 mm total gas discharge gap, 15 k V applied voltage, 200 ppm benzene concentration,0.2 L min-1 gas flow rate and 721 μS cm-1 water conductivity. The intermediates and byproducts during benzene degradation were detected by FT-IR, GC-MS and LC-MS primarily, and phenols,COx, and other aromatic substitutes, O3, NOx, etc, were determined as the main intermediates.According to these detected byproducts, a possible benzene degradation mechanism was proposed.

Decomposition of trifluoromethane in a dielectric barrier discharge non-thermal plasma reactor

The decomposition of trifluoromethane （CHF3） was carried out using non-thermal plasma generated in a dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） reactor. The effects of reactor temperature, electric power, initial concentration and oxygen content were examined. The DBD reactor was able to completely destroy CHF3 with alumina beads as a packing material. The decomposition efficiency increased with increasing electric power and reactor temperature. The destruction of CHF3 gradually increased with the addition of O2 up to 2%, but further increase in the oxygen content led to a decrease in the decomposition efficiency. The degradation pathways were explained with the identified by-products. The main by-products from CHF3 were found to be COF2, CF4, CO2 and CO although the COF2 and CF4 disappeared when the plasma were combined with alumina catalyst.

Decomposition of a gas mixture of four n-alkanes using a DBD reactor

This study investigates the decomposition of a gas mixture of four n-alkanes(n-heptane,n-octane,n-nonane,and n-decane)using a dielectric barrier discharge reactor.We show that the conversion of n-alkanes increased from 7.2%(C7H(16)),9.7%(C8H(18)),8.4%(C9H(20)),and 10.5%(C(10)H(22))to 23.8%(C7H(16)),25.0%(C8H(18)),27.9%(C9H(20)),and 32.1%(C(10)H(22))when the energy density increased from 84 J l^-1 to 324 J l^-1.The conversion of n-alkanes when using the gas mixture is close to that found when using a single n-alkane.The influences of reaction temperature and O2 concentration are also investigated,and the activation energies for the decomposition of each alkane are given.

Enhanced CO2 decomposition via metallic foamed electrode packed in self-cooling DBD plasma device

A self-cooling dielectric barrier discharge reactor, packed with foamed Cu and Ni mesh and operated at ambient conditions, was used for the composition of CO2 into CO and O2.The influences of power, frequency, and other discharge characteristics were investigated in order to have a better understanding of the effect of the packing materials on CO2 decomposition.It is found that porous foamed Cu and Ni not only played a role as the carrier of energy transformation and electrode distributed in discharge gaps but also promoted the equilibrium shifting toward the product side to yield more CO by consuming some part of O2 and O radicals generated from the decomposition of CO2.The maximum CO2 decomposition rates of 48.6%and 49.2% and the maximum energy efficiency of 9.71% and 10.18% were obtained in the foamed Ni and Cu mesh, respectively.

Strengthening decomposition of oxytetracycline in DBD plasma coupling with Fe-Mn oxide-loaded granular activated carbon

A catalytic approach using a synthesized iron and manganese oxide-supported granular activated carbon(Fe-Mn GAC) under a dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) plasma was investigated to enhance the degradation of oxytetracycline(OTC) in water. The prepared Fe-Mn GAC was characterized by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and the results showed that the bimetallic oxides had been successfully spread on the GAC surface. The experimental results showed that the DBD?+?Fe-Mn GAC exhibited better OTC removal efficiency than the sole DBD and DBD?+?virgin GAC systems. Increasing the fabricated catalyst and discharge voltage was favorable to the antibiotic elimination and energy yield in the hybrid process. The coupling process could be elucidated by the ozone decomposition after Fe-Mn GAC addition, and highly hydroxyl and superoxide radicals both play significant roles in the decontamination. The main intermediate products were identified by HPLC-MS to study the mechanism in the collaborative system.

Dielectric barrier micro-plasma reactor with segmented outer electrode for decomposition of pure CO_(2)

Four coaxial cylinder dielectric barrier discharge micro-plasma reactors were designed for the noncatalytic decomposition of pure CO_(2) into CO and O_(2) at low temperature and ambient pressure.The influence of segmented outer electrodes on the electrical characteristics and the reaction performance was investigated.Experimental results indicated that the introduction of segmented outer electrodes can significantly promote the decomposition of CO_(2).Encouragingly,the highest conversion of 13.1% was obtained at an applied voltage of 18 kV,which was a substantial increase of 39.4% compared to the traditional device.Compared with other types of dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactors,the proposed segmented outer electrode micro-plasma reactor can give a higher CO_(2) conversion and acceptable energy efficiency.The increase in conversion can be attributed mainly to the enhanced corona discharge caused by the fringe effect at electrode edges,the increase in energy density and the increase in the number of micro-discharges.In addition,detailed electrical characterization was performed to reveal some trends in the electrical behavior of proposed reactors.

介质阻挡放电常压分解苯、二甲苯

采用介质阻挡放电(DBD)来分解常压下流动态气体中的苯、二甲苯废气.通过改变极间电压、气体浓度、外加气体,研究苯、二甲苯的降解.在7200~8000V极间电压下,浓度为6000mg/m3、流量为1000mL/min的含苯空气,苯的降解率达90%,主要分解产物为CO2、CO和H2O;浓度为700mg/m3、流量为1000mL/min的含二甲苯空气,二甲苯的降解率高达100％,产物也主要为CO、CO2和H2O.研究结果表明该方法处理流动态的气体效果优于处理静态气体,用该方法可以去除大气中的苯和二甲苯.

应用介质阻挡放电处理甲醛气体

基于高频介质阻挡放电(DBD)可产生高能电子、各种自由基与活性粒子的原理,应用高频DBD处理甲醛气体。对外加电源电压、甲醛气体质量浓度及体积流量3个水平因素的正交试验表明高频DBD可达到85%的甲醛降解效果,其中电压参数对降解效果的影响最大,流量次之,浓度最小。对放电处理后尾气成分的进一步测试分析表明尾气中臭氧质量浓度约0.002 mg/m3,远低于国家标准规定的0.16 mg/m3臭氧限量值。故高频DBD处理甲醛气体的降解效果好,且排放尾气中的臭氧含量对环境不造成影响。

介质阻挡放电等离子体直接分解NO_x的影响因素

在以 γ- Al2 O3小球作为填充物的介质阻挡放电条件下 ,研究放电电压 ( 9～ 1 6k V)、交流电源频率 ( 50～ 1 60 0 Hz)、NO入口浓度 ( 50～ 1 80 0 ml/ m3)、气体空速 ( 1 0 0 0～ 650 0 h- 1 )、反应温度 ( 2 0～ 2 50℃ )、介质小球比表面积及加入 O2 等因素对 NO分解率的影响 .发现提高放电电压、放电频率及介质小球比表面积能显著增加 NO分解率 ,O2 的加入对 NO的等离子体分解有强抑制作用 .

单双介质阻挡放电降解苯的对比研究

在相同实验条件下,研究了单、双介质阻挡放电反应器的等离子体发射光谱,对苯的降解效率,以及CO和CO2的生成,检测了NO和NO2的浓度.结果表明,与单介质阻挡放电反应器相比,双介质阻挡放电反应器的发射光谱具有红移现象;单、双介质阻挡放电反应器对苯的降解效率、CO2的生成浓度及选择性几乎一致;采用双介质阻挡放电明显降低了CO的生成浓度,CO的生成选择性也有所下降.更为重要的是,双介质阻挡放电反应器极大地降低了NO2的生成,在本文的实验条件下,没有检测到NO.

介质阻挡等离子体放电与催化联用技术分解苯

采用介质阻挡等离子体放电与催化剂MnO2联用技术对苯去除进行了研究.结果表明,加入MnO2可充分利用O2和产生于介质阻挡等离子放电区的O3,能够增加苯氧化分解为CO2的程度,且苯去除的能量效率是不用催化剂时的2倍.催化剂MnO2离放电区的距离和能量密度对苯去除率有显著影响.当能量密度低于564J/L时,MnO2离放电区的距离越近,苯的去除效果越好;当能量密度高于1051J/L时,苯的去除效果与MnO2离放电区的距离有关并有一个最佳值.阐述了苯在等离子体放电区以及MnO2上的氧化机理.

介质阻挡放电降解SF_6的研究

采用GC-TCD考察介质阻挡放电技术(DBD)处理SF6的效果,并采用红外吸收光谱进行产物分析.结果表明,电源电压的增加、放电时间的延长、气体介质分压的降低,以及少量其它气体(Ar,N2,O2,H2O,空气)的加入能够提高转化效果.另外,SF6的降解率随着空气湿度的增加而增加,28.2kPa相对湿度为51%的空气与2.0kPaSF6的混合气体放电后SF6降解率达92%.放电产物包括SiF4,SF4,SOF2,SOF4,SO2F2.

乙硫醇在脉冲电晕反应器内的降解特性

应用脉冲电晕放电,在线板式反应器内对乙硫醇的降解特性进行了实验研究,考察了峰值电压、重复频率、进口浓度、介质阻挡等单因素对去除率的影晌。结果表明,脉冲电晕放电能有效地去除气体中的恶臭物乙硫醇。当进口浓度365mg/m3、处理气量10m3／h、峰值电压70kV、重复频率200s-1时,乙硫醇去除率可达85％,此时反应器的能量利用率为12.2g／(kW·h)。陶瓷板阻挡的使用有助于去除率的提高,当能量密度为65kJ／m3时,使用和未使用陶瓷板乙硫醇的去除率分别为93％和80％。乙硫醇中硫元素主要转化为二氧化硫,还发现有单质硫产生。

供电方式对介质阻挡放电-催化降解苯的影响

为研究能量注入方式对等离子体降解有机污染物的影响,分别将交流高压和双极性脉冲高压引入介质阻挡放电反应器,结合Mn催化剂对苯进行降解,研究供电方式对放电特性、苯去除率和产物选择性的影响。结果发现,与交流电源相比,脉冲电源供电下能量在极短的时间里注入到反应器内,产生瞬间大功率放电和高能活性粒子,可以实现对苯的高效降解和较高的CO2选择性。此外,相同功率下脉冲介质阻挡放电(DBD)的臭氧质量浓度更多,更有利于与Mn催化剂结合对苯进行降解。在电压为18.8kV的条件下,对苯的去除率最高可达98%,CO2转化率可达77%。

高频介质阻挡放电反应器结构研究

甲醛,作为一种广泛使用并非常有害的有机废气,已在很多场合对人体健康构成严重威胁。笔者研究利用高频介质阻挡放电技术进行降解甲醛的实验研究,考察了反应器结构参数对甲醛降解率的影响,并对高频介质阻挡放电产生的低温等离子体去除甲醛的机理进行分析。实验结果表明,其它条件稳定不变的情况下,放电极和反应器介质管径变化对甲醛降解率有显著的非单调的影响,对于放电极直径和反应器介质管径应存在最佳尺寸配比,使得甲醛降解率最高;钨丝比铜丝和不锈钢丝更适合作为反应器内部轴线放电极;采用相对介电常数较大的99瓷作为阻挡层介质材料,甲醛降解率从41%提高到76%;在电源输出功率一定的条件下,反应器有效反应长度存在最佳值。该研究通过考察反应器结构参数变化对甲醛的降解效果的影响,从而达到反应器最优化的目的,并为该技术应用于工业废气的处理及室内空气净化打下基础。