Influence of particle size and temperature on the dielectric properties of CoFe_2O_4 nanoparticles

The objective of this study was to establish the dielectric properties of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles with particle sizes that varied from 28.6 to 5.8 nm. CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using a chemical coprecipitation method. The particle sizes were calculated accord-ing to the Scherrer formula using X-ray diffraction （XRD） peaks, and the particle size distribution curves were constructed by using field-emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM） images. The dielectric permittivity and loss tangents of the samples were determined in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 1 MHz and in the temperature range of 300 to 10 K. Both the dielectric permittivity and the loss tangent were found to decrease with increasing frequency and decreasing temperature. For the smallest CoFe2O4 nanoparticle size, the dielectric per-mittivity and loss tangent exhibited their highest and lowest values, respectively. This behavior is very useful for materials used in devices that operate in the microwave or radio frequency ranges.

Dielectric Properties of Fe73.5-Cu1-Ta3-Si13.5-B9 Magnetic Alloy

The studied sample is a metallic glass in Fe-Si-B system. It is developed with the nominal composition of Fe735-Cu1-Ta3-Si13.5-B9 by single-roller melt spinning technique in air. The dielectric constant and loss factor have been measured both for as cast and annealed samples using Agilent Impedance analyzer. They are found to decrease with frequency up to 10 MHz and remain constant afterwards. The decrease of dielectric constant and loss factor with frequency is due to ceasing of orientational polarizability. Their constancy is owing to presence of only electronic contribution to its polarizability above 10 MHz. Three distinct regions （1-4 MHz, 4-10 MHz and 10 MHz-1 GHz） also noticed from its frequency dependence, which might make it useful in switching and sensor devices. The temperature dependence of dielectric constant and loss factor maintain inverse relationship： （1） dielectric constant increases, and （2） loss factor decreases with annealing temperature for structural relaxation due to thermal agitation.

Study on the dielectric properties of Mg-doped NaBiTi6O14 ceramics

With the interest in using lead-free materials to replace lead-containing materials increasing,the use of Na_（0.5）Bi_（0.5）TiO_3（NBT） has come into our sight.We studied the composition of NBT and found that NaBiTi_6O_（14） ceramics can be compositionally tuned by Mg-doping on the Ti-site to optimize the dielectric properties.In this study,Mg-doped NaBiTi_6O_（14）（NaBi（Ti_（0.98）Mg_（0.02））_60_（14-d）） ceramics were prepared by a conventional mixed oxide route at different sintering temperatures,and their dielectric properties have been studied at a wide temperature range.X-ray diffraction（XRD） patterns of the NBT-based ceramics indicate that all samples have a pure phase without any secondary impurity phase.The experimental data show that after Mg-doping,the relative permittivity and dielectric loss become lower at 1040,1060,and1080 ℃ except 1020 ℃ and at different frequencies from 10 kHz,100 kHz to 1 MHz.Take 1060 ℃ for example,when the sintering temperature is 1060 ℃ at 1 MHz,the minimum relative permittivity of NaBiTi_6O_（14） is 32.9 and the minimum dielectric loss is 0.01417,the relative permittivity of NaBi（Ti_（0.98）Mg_（0.02））_60_（14-δ） under the same condition is 25.8 and the dielectric loss is 0.000104.We explored the mechanism of Mg-doping and surprisingly found that the dielectric property of NaBi（Ti_（0.98）Mg_（0.02））_60_（14-δ） becomes better owing to Mg-doping.Thus,NaBi（Ti_（0.98）Mg_（0.02））_60_（14-δ） can be used in microwave ceramics and applied to new energy materials.

Dielectric and Thermal Studies of Copper Doped Magnesium Hydrogen Maleate Hexahydrate Single Crystals

The dielectric and thermal analysis of copper doped Magnesium Hydrogen Maleate Hexahydrate single crystals are studied for the first time. The dielectric constant, loss tangent, a.c. conductivity and a.c. activation energy were measured with variation of frequency in the range 50 Hz to 1 MHz. Dielectric studies reveal that the present crystal under investigation show good optical quality. The melting point and final compound after decomposition were determined using the DTA/TG analysis.

Effect of Aluminum Nano-Particles on Microrelief and Dielectric Properties of PE+TlInSe₂Composite Materials

The paper presents the results of studies surface microrelief, frequency-temperature characteristics of the imaginary part of the dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss of PE+TlInSe2 composite materials in 25。C - 150。C temperature and 25 Hz - 1 MHz frequency range before and after application of the aluminum nano-particles with a size of 50 nm. The change in the amount of semicon-ductor filler TlInSe2 and aluminum nano-particles changes the state of the surface and the frequency-temperature characteristics of composite materials PE+xvol.%TlInSe2, which allows to obtain composites with the desired dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss.

Influence of Cr³⁺Ion on the Dielectric Properties of Nano Crystalline Mg-Ferrites Synthesized by Citrate-Gel Method

Mixed Mg-Cr Nano ferrites having the compositional formula MgCrxFe2-xO4 (where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.0) were synthesized using Citrate-Gel auto combustion method. Structural characterization was carried out by XRD Analysis which confirmed the formation of single phase cubic spinel structure without any impurity peak. The dielectric properties such as Dielectric constant (ε'), Dielectric Loss tangent (tan δ) and AC conductivity (σAC) of Mg-Cr nano ferrites were studied at room temperature in the frequency range of 2 Hz - 2 MHz using Agilent E4980A Precision LCR meter. The dielectric constant, loss tangent and AC conductivity shows a normal behavior with frequency. A qulitative explanation is given for composition and frequency dependance of the dielectric constant, dielectric loss tangent and AC conductivity of the nano ferrite. The loss tangent for the synthesized samples was found to be decreased from 0.09 to 0.054 in higher frequency region showing the potential applications of these materials in high frequency micro wave devices. On the basis of these results the explanation of dielectric mechanism in Mg-Cr ferrites is suggested.

Synthesis and microwave dielectric properties of Si/C/B powder

Si/C/B powders were synthesized by carbothermal reduction of xerogels containing boride. Colorless, transparent and monolithic gel was obtained by using tetraethoxysilane, saccharose, tributyl borate, ethanol and distilled water as starting materials. When the xerogel was fired at 1 600℃in the static argon atmosphere, the XRD pattern commences to show the crystallite peak corresponding with C.β-SiC was synthesized at 1 700℃, but amorphous remainders could not be eliminated completely. The XRD results show that the boron possibly enters into the silica network, leading to the formation of borosiloxane. Microstructure ofβ-SiC powders consists of agglomerated particles with diameters ranging from 30 to 100 nm. Though the samples prepared at 1 600℃and 1 700℃have better dielectric loss tangent than the sample at 1 500℃due to exiting crystalline material, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent of three samples reveal lower values.

Structural and Dielectric Properties of (Bi2O3Fe2O3)0.4(Nb2O5)0.6 for Different Sintering Temperature

In this research work, (Bi2O3Fe2O3)0.4(Nb2O5)0.6 was made by the solid state reaction method. Samples were sintered at four different temperatures (850°C, 925°C, 1000°C and 1150°C) to study the effect of sintering temperature on the various properties of the samples. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that single phase Bi1.721δ0.089Fe1.056Nb1.134O7 was found when sintering temperature increased. At the same time, larger grain size was found when sintering temperature increased. From variation of dielectric loss with respect to frequency, a small peak was found when sample was sintered at higher temperature (1150°C). Dielectric constant of the sample decreases with the increase of frequency for all the samples. With the variation of temperature, DC resistivity of the samples showed that resistivity decreases with the increase of measuring temperature which indicates semiconducting nature.

平板介质的微波分裂腔法介电常数测试技术

为实现微波频段平板类介质材料的介电常数的无损测试,研究了分裂式圆柱形谐振腔测试方法。介绍了分裂式圆柱形谐振腔的电磁场分析理论,采用模式匹配技术实现了介质加载条件下腔内电磁场分布的精确求解,得到了腔体谐振频率与材料介电常数之间的准确关系。在理论分析的基础上,制作了空腔谐振频率为10 GHz的分裂式谐振腔,并与前期研制的闭式谐振腔进行对比测试,介电常数实部测量结果相对误差小于1%。与国外同类产品进行对比测试,介电常数实部结果基本一致,损耗角正切测量结果更接近于文献参考值。因此,微波分裂腔法能够实现平板介质板材的无损测量,具有准确度高,使用方便等突出优势,可在微波频段内实现介电常数为1~20,损耗角正切为1×10-3~1×10-5,板材厚度为0.1~2.0 mm的各类平板介质材料介电常数的准确测试。

高速互连PCB的材料电磁表征方法研究

随着数据传输速率的不断增加,对高速互连的信号完整性设计和优化变得至关重要。在高速通道设计的各个方面中,我们通过对现有的方法进行综述来着重介绍准确的PCB材料电磁表征这一关键问题,并对于提取PCB材料特性,如介电常数、损耗正切以及铜表面粗糙度的各种方法进行分类。首先,这些方法分为两大类:①对原始介质材料进行表征的技术;②适用于一般由玻璃纤维和树脂材料混合而成的PCB材料的表征方法。在每个类别中,简要描述了几种常用技术,并进行了优缺点的比较和讨论。基于传输线的方法的挑战和局限性在这里尤为重要,因为相关的材料特性提取程序在工业中已经是常规操作。此外,特别是在数十吉赫兹的频率范围内,典型铜箔表面粗糙度对准确材料表征的影响也被考虑。本文旨在通过总结和比较提供PCB材料表征方法的全面概述和分析。

新型电容型电力设备tanδ在线高精确度测量系统

电容型电力设备tan δ在线监测的低准确性、不稳定性严重影响在线监测系统的实用化,一直是在线监测系统的开发难点。文中介绍了一种新型电容型电力设备tan δ在线高精确度测量系统,该测量系统采用了新型软磁材料制成的高精确度恒角差微电流传感器,在小信号检测和数据处理技术方面采用了独立元分析等方法,采用了全分布现场总线和数据传输技术,使tan δ在线测量的精确性、稳定性显著提高。还介绍了该系统的组成结构及系统实际运行检测情况。该系统目前已在多个变电站投入运行,至今为止运行情况良好。

用傅里叶变换测量介质损耗因数tan δ的软件同步算法

计算分析了当电网频率漂移时,通过传统的离散采样用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)计算电力设备的介质损耗因数tanδ时,由于硬件设计的采样周期不能随电网频率漂移而相应地改变,从而给tanδ测量结果带来严重的计算误差。提出了一种利用采样序列数据修正方法,这种方法通过检测信号的周期确定周期修正量,根据大于或小于0决定是增加或者减少采样周期来解决传统傅里叶计算方法的计算误差问题,文中阐述了算法的实现过程,并介绍了一种适用于实验室和现场的通过阻容变化改变相位角的简单而准确的模拟电路。计算机模拟和实测结果表明,文中提出的算法可很好地解决传统傅里叶方法测量tanδ的精度与稳定性不高的问题,在12位A/D精度、电网频率波动±0.2Hz条件下,数据经过修正计算后tanδ测量误差小于5×10-4,对提高tanδ测量精确度及稳定性有重要作用,可在目前广泛使用的微控制单元(MCU)中很好地实现。

小波消噪在容性设备tanδ在线测量中的应用

为提高在线检测tanδ的精度,提出了改进测量系统软件来分解消噪采集数据的方法。分析了tanδ的概念与干扰的成因后,阐述了用小波变换和正弦波参数法去除电磁干扰的数学原理并设计了数据处理的算法流程。仿真算例通过计算、比较小波引入前后测量值δ的误差证明小波技术改善原有消噪算法后可减小误差、提高精确度。

阿波罗月球样品介电参数测试综述

介电常数是衡量月球介电特性的重要参数。利用月球介电参数可以反演月壤厚度、密度等重要物性参数,有助于研究月球地质构造和地质演化历史。获取月表介电参数的方法主要为雷达远程遥测、月表雷达就位探测和月球样品测量,其中月球样品测量是最为直接有效的测量方式。阿波罗任务总共获得了约381 kg月球样品,总结了阿波罗月球样品介电参数测量方法,分析了测试结果。测试结果表明,频率、温度、湿度、密度和氧化物等因素会影响样品介电参数测量。在后续样品介电测试中,需要考虑这些因素。

电容性设备介质损耗角tanδ的监测技术研究

电容性设备的可靠性很大程度上决定于设备绝缘性能的高低,介质损耗角是反映电容性设备绝缘状况的首要参数。提出了一种针对电容性设备介质损耗角tanδ监测的设计方案,该方案采用三层分布式架构和主动查询、定时中断两种工作模式,使用DSP作为底层数据采集控制处理器以及CAN总线的通信模式,在分析tanδ的基础上,提出基于multiple sampling的自适应求解tanδ算法和聚类算法,建立了具有数据监测、分析和诊断、查询等功能的监测系统。经过实验证明,该方案具有较高的测量精度。

正确测量电力电容器的电容和tanδ

详细说明了利用高压西林电桥和高压标准电容器测量电力电容器的电容和介质损耗角正切(Tanδ)的原理;扩大量程的途径及注意事项;引起测量误差的因素以及如何消除或减小测量误差,提高测量精度的方法。同时还简要介绍了通过测量全膜介质电力电容器的损耗功率求得全膜介质电力电容器的Tanδ值的方法。

电容型电流互感器现场试验tan δ值异常的分析及解决方法

针对某变电站现场预试测量电容型电流互感器(型号:LB6-110W)中出现的tanδ为异常值的情况,进行了现场分析,指出了产生的原因,并提出了切实可行的解决办法。总结了现场试验测量中的有关问题,并就如何提高数据正确程度提出一些建议,并根据现场实际情况进行误差校正分析。现场试验表明,所采用消除方法可消除现场干扰,所得数据完全满足试验。

影响油纸电容式套管介质损耗因数(tanδ)增大或不稳定因素的分析

主要介绍了油纸电容式套管生产中能够引起套管ｔａｎδ值增大或不稳定的主要原因及其解决办法。同时指出在套管生产中保持其ｔａｎδ值的正常水平不应造成能源的浪费和生产设备的疲劳， 以及处理套管的ｔａｎδ值不应超越绝缘材料的极限。

对CVT介质损耗角tanδ预试标准理解的探讨

通过一起电容式电压互感器(capacitor voltage transformer,CVT)误判事例,全面分析造成误判的原因。充分比较国标GB/T 4703—2007《电容式电压互感器》、GB 50150—2006《电气装置安装工程电气设备交接试验标准》及DL/T 596—1996《电力设备预防性试验规程》中关于CVT介质损耗角tanδ的要求,提出CVT预防性试验工作的重点内容和试验程序,总结判断CVT电磁单元(中压变压器)绝缘好坏的可行方法。

硅酸盐水泥基材料透波性能研究进展

5G通讯时代对电磁波信号的传输和覆盖有更高的要求,电磁波信号的传输会因密集的建筑物而不断衰减。硅酸盐水泥基材料作为建筑工程领域最常用的一种材料,提高其透波性能对于改善无线通讯系统的信号强度具有重要价值。此外,透波型水泥基材料具有雷达侦察条件下的隐身性能,在军事工程领域同样用途广泛。首先介绍了电磁波的透射机理,然后概述了电磁波在水泥基材料中的传播机理与透射性能评价指标,归纳了水泥基材料透波性能的测试方法,最后总结了影响硅酸盐水泥基材料透波性能的因素,并提出了透波水泥基材料的研究方向。