Hardware-in-the-Loop Research on the Electronic Control Unit for Diesel Engines

A hardware-in-the-loop simulating platform is developed to avoid designing defects caused by the complicated logical structure and multiple-functional buildup of the dectronic control unit（ECU）in modem diesel engines, and to diminish potential damages on components or human exposure to dangers in R＆D en- deavor. This plat-form consists of a computer installed with software Matlab/Simulink/RTW and dSPACE/ ControlDesk; a diesel engine ECU, and a dSPACE autobox which runs a real-time diesel engine model. A typical model of diesel engine with turbocharger and intercooler is presented. Based on this model our research is carried out with a real ECU to test its software control strategies. Results show that by using the diesel engine model downloaded inside, the hardware-in-the-loop platform can simulate diesel engine＇s working conditions and generate all kinds of sensor signals which ECU needs on a real-time basis. So the ECU control strategies can be validated and relevant parameters roughly calibrated.

Heat Exchanger Network Retrofit of Diesel Hydrotreating Unit Using Pinch Analysis

Diesel hydrotreating unit(DHT)is an integral part of the refinery,and its energy-saving optimization is of great significance to the enterprise.In this paper,process simulation software and energy management software are used to simulate the flowsheet and analyze the energy consumption,respectively.Stream data obtained from an existing DHT are applied in the pinch analysis for retrofitting the heat exchanger network(HEN)to achieve maximum energy utilization by using pinch analysis.Since DHT is constrained by pressure,the pressure factor is considered in the process of retrofitting.The results show that the amount of cross-pinch heat transfer is reduced,the inlet temperature of the furnace is increased by 55℃,and the amount of hot and cold utilities can be reduced by 70.25%and 50.16%,respectively.The economic evaluation indicates that the operating cost is saved by 4.39×10^(6)$/a,and the payback period is about 2 months.

Electronic Unit Pump Diesel Engine Control Unit Design for Integrated Powertrain System

The performance of the electronic unit pump (EUP) diesel engine is studied, it will be used in the integrated powertrain and its multi parameters are controllable. Both the theoretical analysis and experiment research are taken. A control unit for the fuel quantity and timing in crankshaft domain is designed on this basis and the engine experiment test has been done. For the constant speed camshaft driving EUP system, the fuel quantity will increase as the supply angle goes up and injection timing has no effect. The control precision can reach 1°CA. The full injection timing MAP and engine peak performance curves are made successfully.

煤柴油加氢裂化装置原料过滤器堵塞物识别

针对煤柴油加氢裂化装置原料过滤器反冲洗频率显著提升,且波动大的问题,开展了加工原油各馏分过滤性试验,以及过滤器堵塞物的富集、处理和分析表征。结果表明:煤柴油馏分中的絮状物堵塞过滤器且难以清除;该絮状物是富含铁离子和磷酸根,钙、钾、铝等无机离子,以及酰胺基团的复合物;A原油中掺入的乳化油中含有螯合硫化亚铁的含磷杀菌剂是絮状物的主要成因。通过采取在A原油乳化油破乳时慎用含磷杀菌剂、适当延长掺混有乳化油的A原油在储罐中的存贮时间、尽量排出沉降分离的水、增加过滤器滤芯从而扩大有效过滤面积、对堵塞滤芯进行高压水冲洗和器外超声清洗相结合等一系列措施,可将加氢裂化装置原料过滤器反冲洗频率降至24 h次。

APPLICATION OF CIRCUIT SIMULATION IN HARDWARE DESIGN FOR ELECTRONIC CONTROL HIGH PRESSURE COMMON-RAIL FUEL SYSTEM OF DIESEL ENGINE

By means of circuit simulation, hardware of electronic control unit （ECU） of high pressure common-rail electronic control fuel system for diesel engine is designed. According to the system requirements for hardware of ECU, signal-processing circuit of variable reluctance （VR） sensor, filter circuit for input signal, high voltage power circuit and driver and protection circuit of solenoid are simulated as emphases. Difficulties of wide scope of VR sensor output signal, efficiency of high voltage power and reliable and swift driver of solenoid are solved. The results of simulation show that the hardware meets the requirement of the fuel system. At the same time, circuit simulation can greatly increase quality of the design, alleviate design labor and shorten design time.

STRATEGY FOR DIESEL ROTARY ENGINE WITH COMMON RAIL INJECTION SYSTEM

A direct injection low compression ratios diesel rotary engine is designed and studied to find the appropriate application of the electronic controlled high pressure common rail injection system. Current development focuses on the applied fuel injection and ignition strategies, especially concerning the combustion configurations of injectors, ignition source, and combustion chamber. The prototype engine, equipped with Bosch common rail system and high performance electronic control unit （ECU）, is designed correspondingly. Studies show that the integration of a common rail injection system and the main and pilot duel injectors configurations, assisted with glow plug ignition device and flexible ECU, represents a promising approach to improve the potential of the low compression ratios diesel rotary engine. Currently the engine can run at 6 kr · min^-1 steadily and the power is about 68 kW/（4 kr ·min^- 1）.

Cooling of a Diesel Reformate Fuelled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell by Internal Reforming of Methane： A Modelling Study

In this paper a system combining a diesel reformer using catalytic partial oxidation （CPOX） with the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell （SOFC） for Auxiliary Power Unit （APU） applications is modeled with respect to the cooling effect provided by internal reforming of methane in anode gas channel. A model mixture consisting of 80% n-hexadecane and 20%..!-methylnaphthalin is used to simulate the commercial diesel. The modelling consists of several steps. First, equilibrium gas composition at the exit of CPOX reformer is modelled in terms oxygen to car- bon （O/C） ratio, fuel utilization ratio and anode gas recirculation. Second, product composition, especially methane content, is determined for the me.th.an, ation process at the operating temperatures ra：ng!ng from 500 ℃to 520 ℃.Finally, the cooling power provided by internal reforming of methane in SOFC fuel channel is calculated for two concepts to increase the methane content of the diesel reformate. The results show that the first concept, operating the diesel reformer at low O/C ratio and/or, recirculation rat!o, is not realizable due to high probability of coke formation, whereas the second concept, combining a methanation process with CPOX, can provide a significant cool- ing effect in addition to the conventional c？oling concept which needs higher levels of excess air.

SIMULATION IN THERMAL DESIGN FOR ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT OF ELECTRONIC UNIT PUMP

The high working junction temperature of power component is the most common reason of its failure. So the thermal design is of vital importance in electronic control unit （ECU） design. By means of circuit simulation, the thermal design of ECU for electronic unit pump （EUP） fuel system is applied. The power dissipation model of each power component in the ECU is created and simulated. According to the analyses of simulation results, the factors which affect the power dissipation of components are analyzed. Then the ways for reducing the power dissipation of power components are carried out. The power dissipation of power components at different engine state is calculated and analyzed. The maximal power dissipation of each power component in all possible engine state is also carried out based on these simulations. A cooling system is designed based on these studies. The tests show that the maximum total power dissipation of ECU drops from 43.2 W to 33.84 W after these simulations and optimizations. These applications of simulations in thermal design of ECU can greatly increase the quality of the design, save the design cost and shorten design time

Measurement and analysis of cycle fuel injection quantity for electronic unit pump

The cycle fuel injection quantity is accurately measured for electronic unit pump （EUP） operating at high, middle and low speeds by using displacement method based on EFS instantaneous mono-injector qualifier. On the basis of the experi- mental data about fuel injection quantity and fuel pressure, the variation of inconsistency in fuel injection quantity of EUP and the influence factors in different operating conditions are concluded. The results show that the inconsistency is lowest in maximum torque condition, while on the start and maximum power conditions, it is higher.

Application of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Auxiliary Power Unit on Different Trucks in Northeast China

A diesel engine of conventional trucks has a low efficiency under the idling condition,leading to a high cost for heating or cooling in the cab during night. The solution to this problem will have great significance on energy conservation and emission reduction. A new auxiliary power unit of solid oxide fuel cell( SOFCAPU) with high efficiency solves this problem perfectly. Heat pump air conditioner is considered as a promising device for the application of SOFC-APU with a high cooling and heating efficiency. To make a quantitative analysis for the application of SOFC-APU,a model is built in Matlab / Simulink. The diesel engine model and SOFC-APU model are fitted based on some experimental data of SOFC-APU and diesel engine during the idling operation. An analysis of the application of SOFC-APU on different trucks in Northeast China is comprehensively made,including efficiency and emission.

Feasibility study of a diesel-powered hybrid DMU

Nowadays,the interest in hybrid vehicles is constantly increasing,not only in the automotive sector,but also in other transportation systems,to reduce pollution and emissions and to improve the overall efficiency of the vehicles.Although railway vehicles are typically the most eco-friendly transportation system,since commonly their primary energy source is electricity,they can still gain benefits from hybrid technologies,as many lines worldwide are not electrified.In fact,hybrid solutions allow ICEpowered(internal combustion engine)railway vehicles,such as diesel multiple units(DMUs),to operate in fullelectric mode even when the track lacks electrification.The possibility to switch to full electric mode is of paramount importance when the vehicle runs on urban or underground track sections,where low or zero emission levels are required.We conduct the feasibility study of hybridization of an existing DMU vehicle,designed by Blue Engineering S.r.l.,running on the Aosta–Torino Italian railway line,which includes a non-electrified urban track section and an electrified underground section.The hybridization is obtained by replacing one of the diesel generators installed on the original vehicle with a battery pack,which ensures the vehicle to operate in full-electric mode to complete its mission profile.The hybridization is also exploited to implement a regenerative braking strategy,which allows an increase in the energetical efficiency of the vehicle up to 18%.This work shows the sizing of the battery pack based on dynamic simulations performed on the Turin underground track section,and the results demonstrate the feasibility of the hybridization process.

A method of parsing based on improving the electricity behavior and regulating excitation system of the diesel generating set in the nuclear power plant

This paper introduces an applicable test plan for emergency diesel generator in nuclear power plant. It advances improvement approaches with problems found during field commissioning test and its trouble-shooting processes. The method is based on the integration of complementary through, the extension theory of matter-element model and neural network theory combine to overcome a neural network to learn shelters, and other defects. The purpose of this paper is to provide the better running and commissioning experience for the similar emergency generator unit.

高压共轨柴油机国产芯片控制系统研究

针对现有高压共轨柴油机电控单元高度依赖进口芯片、自主不足的问题,提出了基于全国产芯片的高压共轨柴油机电控单元方案。所设计的国产控制单元选用兆易创新的GD32F450芯片为控制核心,承担发动机数据采样、处理、存储与控制任务。首先,采用Boost升压电路提供喷油器峰值电流,利用分立器件设计双边驱动与电流反馈电路,在不依赖进口专用芯片的条件下,对喷油器驱动电流进行闭环控制;然后,基于FreeRTOS操作系统,开发高压共轨柴油机底层驱动软件,实现对不同任务调度周期的精准控制;最后,对所设计的电控单元进行了实验验证。结果表明,所设计的国产高压共轨柴油机电控单元功能齐全、工作稳定,双边驱动电路典型峰值电流为22 A,维持电流为10 A,最小喷射间隔时间为200μs,多次喷射性能与Bosch系统相当。发动机不同转速条件下任务调度周期精准、实时性好,研究证实了高压共轨柴油机电控单元全国产化方案的可行性,对推动发动机电控技术自主可控提供了有益参考。

超高层建筑综合体消防负荷供配电系统设计

结合现行国家、行业及地方规范、标准,对超高层建筑综合体的消防负荷供配电系统、柴油发电机选择等设计方法及设计要点进行详细探讨。

柴油加氢装置柴油产品硫、芳烃含量超标原因探讨

石油燃料的使用是导致大气污染的主要原因,而柴油中的硫、芳烃含量是影响污染的关键因素。柴油加氢装置生产运行至末期时,随着原料油性质、加工负荷、催化剂性能、生产方案、操作工况等条件的变化,装置中柴油产品硫、芳烃含量会出现超标现象,通过调整原料配比及性质、优化生产方案等方式,可实现对柴油加氢装置柴油产品硫、芳烃含量超标现象的有效控制,为同类生产装置提供借鉴。

浆态床重石脑油加工路线的模拟优化及应用

利用英国KBC公司开发的NHTR-SIM和HCR-SIM流程模拟软件分别模拟优化了石脑油加氢装置和柴油加氢裂化装置的加工全流程,提出了将浆态床重石脑油由全部掺炼于350万t/a柴油加氢裂化装置改为全部掺炼于360万t/a石脑油加氢装置,再进入连续重整装置的加工优化方案。结果表明:在模拟石脑油加氢装置掺炼浆态床重石脑油时,产品精制重石脑油的含硫、氮量分别为0.37,0.42μg/g,均满足重整装置进料小于0.5μg/g的指标要求,该方案可行;优化实施后,虽然该方案仅协同运行半年多,共加工浆态床重石脑油20.47万t,促进柴油组分原料加工量提升了17.82万t,但为公司2022年度综合创效达7928.3万元。

加氢裂化装置原料轻质化对反应过程影响研究

在加氢裂化装置原料轻质化的背景下,考察了蜡油中掺炼不同比例直馏柴油对加氢裂化产品分布及产品性质的影响。当直馏柴油掺炼比例为45%(质量分数,下同)时,喷气燃料收率最高,达到26%。随着直馏柴油掺炼比例的增加,重石脑油的环烷烃、芳烃含量降低;喷气燃料烟点呈逐渐升高的趋势;尾油(大于260℃)的链烷烃含量呈逐渐升高的趋势,环烷烃、芳烃含量呈逐渐降低的趋势,BMCI值(芳烃指数)呈先升高后降低的趋势。当直馏柴油掺炼比例为75%时,喷气燃料烟点最高,为28.8 mm。以掺炼15%直馏柴油的蜡油为原料时,随着转化率的升高,尾油的BMCI值逐渐降低;当尾油收率为20%时,尾油的BMCI值低至7.2,链烷烃质量分数升至62.0%,环烷烃质量分数降至35.2%,芳烃质量分数仅为2.6%。

柴油加氢改质装置长周期运行影响因素分析

针对某企业原料性质劣质化,分析了原料柴油的密度、馏程95%温度点及硫含量升高对催化剂的影响,以及脱硫塔塔盘堵塞、反应流出物蒸汽发生器铵盐结晶问题等影响装置长周期运行的因素,提出优化原料性质、改善胺液质量和探索使用新型抗堵塞塔盘及在线水洗解决铵盐结晶等方案,以实现装置长周期运行。

内燃机车救援动车组纵向动力学性能研究

针对内燃机车连挂救援复兴号动车组工况下的纵向动力学性能展开研究.通过建立列车—车钩缓冲器模型,详细考虑了钩缓系统的内部结构与运动关系,在此基础上开展了车钩作用力影响下的动力学性能研究、连挂救援动车组紧急制动分析、常用制动分析及救援动车组竖曲线安全性分析.通过上述研究得到车辆系统与车钩系统的动力学响应,并提出救援动车组紧急制动时的制动挡位限值.计算结果显示,内燃机车在直线上以40 km/h速度连挂救援复兴号动车组可行,在15‰以下长大坡道上允许施加紧急制动.

“华龙一号”应急柴油发电机组压缩空气系统设计

从压缩空气系统在应急柴油发电机组中的重要性出发,结合适用法规、标准及技术规格书特殊要求框架范围,从压缩空气系统功能、系统分级、系统设计要求和设备设计要求等方面综合介绍了“华龙一号”应急柴油发电机组压缩空气系统的设计要求。