Our previous study reported the influences of different complexing agents on electroless nickel （EN） by examining the properties of the deposits. In the present work, the effects of four common-used complexing agent...Our previous study reported the influences of different complexing agents on electroless nickel （EN） by examining the properties of the deposits. In the present work, the effects of four common-used complexing agents on EN deposition rate and the stability of solution pH values were examined, either with an acetic pH buffer agent or absent of them. It is indicated that the pH buffeting effect of them is dominative when the EN solution is lack of the pH buffer. Under this situation, the EN deposition rate increases with the concentration of complexing agents increasing. The EN deposition rate decreases with fin＇ther adding the complexing agent when the solution already has enough pH buffer capability. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy obtained during EN deposition illustrates that, in this case, the enhanced reaction resistance is the main reason for a lower deposition rate. However, the influence of polarization caused by mass transfer is not negligible at high complex ratio for sodium citrate and malic acid EN solutions.展开更多
Tabular PE PbTiO 3, spherical PY PbTiO 3, and acicular PX PbTiO 3 powders were hydrothermally synthesized from triethanolamine(TEA) complexed precursor; clubbed PE PbTiO 3 powders were obtained from diethanol...Tabular PE PbTiO 3, spherical PY PbTiO 3, and acicular PX PbTiO 3 powders were hydrothermally synthesized from triethanolamine(TEA) complexed precursor; clubbed PE PbTiO 3 powders were obtained from diethanolamine(DEA) complexed precursor. The effects of pH of the hydrolyzation as well as complexing agents including TEA, DEA, and MEA(monoethanolamine) on the structure and the morphology of PbTiO 3 powders are discussed. The optimal conditions for hydrothermal syntheses of acicular and clubbed PbTiO 3 powders have been established. The products were characterized by means of XRD, TEM and other techniques.展开更多
This paper mainly studies on the performance of high-speed diesel engines and emission reduction when the engine uses heavy oil mixed with nanometer-sized additives Ce0.9 Cu0.1 O2 and Ce0.9 Zr0.1 O2.During the test,In...This paper mainly studies on the performance of high-speed diesel engines and emission reduction when the engine uses heavy oil mixed with nanometer-sized additives Ce0.9 Cu0.1 O2 and Ce0.9 Zr0.1 O2.During the test,Indiset 620 combustion analyzer made by AVL,was used to make a real-time survey on the cylinder pressure,the fuel ignition moment,and establish a relation between the change trend of temperature in cylinder and the crank angle.For the engine burning heavy oil and heavy oil mixed with additives,combustion analysis software Indicom and Concerto were used to analyze its combustion process and emission conditions.Experimental investigation shows that nano-sized complex oxide can improve the performance of diesel engine fueled with heavy oil,and reduce the emission of pollutants like NOx and CO,comparing it with the pure heavy oil.According to the consequences of this experiment,the additives improve the overall performance in the use of heavy oil.展开更多
At present, the use of rare earth elements（REEs） has become an inevitable necessity in many modern industries. In general, liquid extraction is the best commercial method for extracting REEs due to its ability to co...At present, the use of rare earth elements（REEs） has become an inevitable necessity in many modern industries. In general, liquid extraction is the best commercial method for extracting REEs due to its ability to control high volumes of liquids with electrical load. With the aim of improving a separation technology that would be superior to the existing extraction systems, the extraction behaviors of La（Ⅲ）,Pr（Ⅲ）, and Nd（Ⅲ） from an HCI medium with Cyanex 272 in the presence of the complexing agent lactic acid（HLac） and auxiliary agents citric acid（H3 Cit）, acetic acid（HAc）, and Titriplex Ⅲ have been reported.The effect of pH and lactic acid concentration has been examined. The use of lactic acid as a complexing agent leading to a high extraction of REEs with Cyanex 272 at pH = 5 was compared with systems without lactic acid. The results show that the use of acetic acid along with lactic acid leads to an increase in the extraction percentage of LREEs. While use of citric acid and Titriplex Ⅲ reduces the extraction percentage of LREEs. Finally, the presence of Titriplex Ⅲ together with lactic acid could lead to an increase in the separation factor of Pr and Nd.展开更多
This paper investigated the effect of FA/O and hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） on ruthenium （Ru） removal rate （RR） and static etching rate （SER）. It was revealed that Ru RR and SER first linearly increased then slowl...This paper investigated the effect of FA/O and hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） on ruthenium （Ru） removal rate （RR） and static etching rate （SER）. It was revealed that Ru RR and SER first linearly increased then slowly decreaseed with the increasing H2O2 probably due to the formation of uniform Ru oxides on the surface during polishing. Their corrosion behaviors and states of surface oxidation were analyzed. In addition, FA/O could chelate Ru oxides （such as （RuO4）2- and RUO4- changed into soluble amine salts [R（NH3）4] （RuO4）2） and enhance Ru RR. The non-ionic surfactant AD was used to improve the Ru CMP performance. In particular, the addition of AD can lead to significant improvement of the surface roughness.展开更多
The adsorption of rare earths,lanthanum,cerium,neodymium,and yttri um by di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid(D2EHPA) resin in the presence of a compl exing agent,EDTA,was investigated. Flow injection was selected as the ...The adsorption of rare earths,lanthanum,cerium,neodymium,and yttri um by di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid(D2EHPA) resin in the presence of a compl exing agent,EDTA,was investigated. Flow injection was selected as the injectin g method. Various parameters,sample pH,sample loading time,sample flow rate,EDTA concentration,EDTA flow rate,eluent concentration,and eluent flow rate,were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions,the method allowed the determination of rare earths with detection limits of 1.09 μg/L(lanthanum),3 .31 μg/L(cerium),2.05 μg/L(neodymium),and 1.25 μg/L(yttrium) . High repea tabilities were obtained for all the four rare earths(RSD【5%) . The proposed met hod was applied to the determination of the rare earths in water samples with a recovery range of 95.8%-103.3%.展开更多
文摘Our previous study reported the influences of different complexing agents on electroless nickel （EN） by examining the properties of the deposits. In the present work, the effects of four common-used complexing agents on EN deposition rate and the stability of solution pH values were examined, either with an acetic pH buffer agent or absent of them. It is indicated that the pH buffeting effect of them is dominative when the EN solution is lack of the pH buffer. Under this situation, the EN deposition rate increases with the concentration of complexing agents increasing. The EN deposition rate decreases with fin＇ther adding the complexing agent when the solution already has enough pH buffer capability. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy obtained during EN deposition illustrates that, in this case, the enhanced reaction resistance is the main reason for a lower deposition rate. However, the influence of polarization caused by mass transfer is not negligible at high complex ratio for sodium citrate and malic acid EN solutions.
文摘Tabular PE PbTiO 3, spherical PY PbTiO 3, and acicular PX PbTiO 3 powders were hydrothermally synthesized from triethanolamine(TEA) complexed precursor; clubbed PE PbTiO 3 powders were obtained from diethanolamine(DEA) complexed precursor. The effects of pH of the hydrolyzation as well as complexing agents including TEA, DEA, and MEA(monoethanolamine) on the structure and the morphology of PbTiO 3 powders are discussed. The optimal conditions for hydrothermal syntheses of acicular and clubbed PbTiO 3 powders have been established. The products were characterized by means of XRD, TEM and other techniques.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(DUT11NY09)
文摘This paper mainly studies on the performance of high-speed diesel engines and emission reduction when the engine uses heavy oil mixed with nanometer-sized additives Ce0.9 Cu0.1 O2 and Ce0.9 Zr0.1 O2.During the test,Indiset 620 combustion analyzer made by AVL,was used to make a real-time survey on the cylinder pressure,the fuel ignition moment,and establish a relation between the change trend of temperature in cylinder and the crank angle.For the engine burning heavy oil and heavy oil mixed with additives,combustion analysis software Indicom and Concerto were used to analyze its combustion process and emission conditions.Experimental investigation shows that nano-sized complex oxide can improve the performance of diesel engine fueled with heavy oil,and reduce the emission of pollutants like NOx and CO,comparing it with the pure heavy oil.According to the consequences of this experiment,the additives improve the overall performance in the use of heavy oil.
基金Project supported by Anguran Lead and Zinc Company(55/G/93)
文摘At present, the use of rare earth elements（REEs） has become an inevitable necessity in many modern industries. In general, liquid extraction is the best commercial method for extracting REEs due to its ability to control high volumes of liquids with electrical load. With the aim of improving a separation technology that would be superior to the existing extraction systems, the extraction behaviors of La（Ⅲ）,Pr（Ⅲ）, and Nd（Ⅲ） from an HCI medium with Cyanex 272 in the presence of the complexing agent lactic acid（HLac） and auxiliary agents citric acid（H3 Cit）, acetic acid（HAc）, and Titriplex Ⅲ have been reported.The effect of pH and lactic acid concentration has been examined. The use of lactic acid as a complexing agent leading to a high extraction of REEs with Cyanex 272 at pH = 5 was compared with systems without lactic acid. The results show that the use of acetic acid along with lactic acid leads to an increase in the extraction percentage of LREEs. While use of citric acid and Titriplex Ⅲ reduces the extraction percentage of LREEs. Finally, the presence of Titriplex Ⅲ together with lactic acid could lead to an increase in the separation factor of Pr and Nd.
基金Project supported by the Special Project Items No.2 in National Long-Term Technology Development Plan(No.2009ZX02308)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.E2013202247)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Plan Project of Hebei Province(Nos.Z2010112,10213936)the Hebei Provincial Department of Education Fund(No.2011128)the Scientific Research Fund of Hebei Provincial Education(No.QN2014208)
文摘This paper investigated the effect of FA/O and hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） on ruthenium （Ru） removal rate （RR） and static etching rate （SER）. It was revealed that Ru RR and SER first linearly increased then slowly decreaseed with the increasing H2O2 probably due to the formation of uniform Ru oxides on the surface during polishing. Their corrosion behaviors and states of surface oxidation were analyzed. In addition, FA/O could chelate Ru oxides （such as （RuO4）2- and RUO4- changed into soluble amine salts [R（NH3）4] （RuO4）2） and enhance Ru RR. The non-ionic surfactant AD was used to improve the Ru CMP performance. In particular, the addition of AD can lead to significant improvement of the surface roughness.
基金Project supported by State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘The adsorption of rare earths,lanthanum,cerium,neodymium,and yttri um by di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid(D2EHPA) resin in the presence of a compl exing agent,EDTA,was investigated. Flow injection was selected as the injectin g method. Various parameters,sample pH,sample loading time,sample flow rate,EDTA concentration,EDTA flow rate,eluent concentration,and eluent flow rate,were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions,the method allowed the determination of rare earths with detection limits of 1.09 μg/L(lanthanum),3 .31 μg/L(cerium),2.05 μg/L(neodymium),and 1.25 μg/L(yttrium) . High repea tabilities were obtained for all the four rare earths(RSD【5%) . The proposed met hod was applied to the determination of the rare earths in water samples with a recovery range of 95.8%-103.3%.
