Dietary sodium intake and its impact factors in 2 140 adults aged 18-69 years were analyzed. The mean daily sodium intake was 5 745.0 （5 427.6- 6 062.5） mg per day, which was higher in males than in females （P〈0.0...Dietary sodium intake and its impact factors in 2 140 adults aged 18-69 years were analyzed. The mean daily sodium intake was 5 745.0 （5 427.6- 6 062.5） mg per day, which was higher in males than in females （P〈0.01）. After having been adjusted for gender, age and urban/city areas, the mean daily sodium intake was significantly higher in participants with a lower education level, drinkers and smokers than in those with a higher education level, nondrinkers and nonsmokers （P〈O.01）. The dietary sodium intake in adults of Shandong Province is higher than the recommended standards.展开更多
Background:High sodium intake is an important risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease.However,the association between gut microbiota composition and metabolomic profiles with dietary sodium intake and ...Background:High sodium intake is an important risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease.However,the association between gut microbiota composition and metabolomic profiles with dietary sodium intake and blood pressure(BP)is not well-understood.The metabolome,microbiome,and dietary salt intervention(MetaSalt)study aimed to investigate microbial and metabolomic profiles related to dietary sodium intake and BP regulation.Methods:This family-based intervention study was conducted in four communities across three provinces in rural northern China in 2019.Probands with untreated prehypertension or stage-1 hypertension were identified through community-based BP screening,and family members including siblings,offspring,spouses,and parents were subsequently included.All participants participated in a 3-day baseline examination with usual diet consumption,followed by a 10-day low-salt diet(3 g/d of salt or 51.3 mmol/d of sodium)and a 10-day high-salt diet(18 g/d of salt or 307.8 mmol/d of sodium).Differences in mean BP levels were compared according to the intervention phases using a paired Student’s t-test.Results:A total of 528 participants were included in this study,with a mean age of 48.1 years,36.7%of whom were male,76.8%had a middle school(69.7%)or higher(7.1%)diploma,23.4%had a history of smoking,and 24.4%were current drinkers.The mean arterial pressure at baseline was 97.2±10.5 mm Hg for all participants,and significantly decreased during the low-salt intervention(93.8±9.3,P<0.0001)and subsequently increased during the high-salt intervention(96.4±10.0,P<0.0001).Conclusions:Our dietary salt intervention study has successfully recruited participants and will facilitate to evaluate the effects of gut microbiota and metabolites on BP regulation in response to sodium burden,which will provide important evidence for investigating the underlying mechanisms in the development of hypertension and subsequent cardiovascular diseases.Trial registration:The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry database(ChiCTR1900025171).展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of salt intake on the circadian rhythm of blood pressure and the characteristics of ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in salt-sensitive (SS) subjects. METHODS: Twenty-three normotens...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of salt intake on the circadian rhythm of blood pressure and the characteristics of ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in salt-sensitive (SS) subjects. METHODS: Twenty-three normotensive subjects and forty-three patients with essential hypertension were included in this study. Salt sensitivity was determined with a chronic dietary salt loading test and an acute venous saline loading test, respectively. 24-hour ABP measurements were performed twice in normotensive subjects when they were on a high salt diet and when they had a low salt diet. Blood and urine samples were collected for measurement of plasma norepinephrine concentration (PNE), plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II, aldosterone, erythrocyte sodium content and urinary sodium excretion. 24-hour ABP readings were also obtained in patients with essential hypertension when antihypertensive drugs were discontinued for at least 2 weeks. RESULTS: High salt intake attenuated the circadian rhythm of blood pressure in SS normotensive subjects, and the nocturnal decline in blood pressure was smaller in SS patients with essential hypertension than in salt-resistant (SR) patients. The level of PNE was higher and the suppression of PRA was smaller in SS subjects than in SR subjects when they had a high salt diet, and the urinary sodium excretion decreased and the erythrocyte sodium content increased significantly in SS subjects on high salt intake. CONCLUSIONS: High salt intake caused an abnormal circadian rhythm of blood pressure in SS subjects. The blunted nocturnal decline in blood pressure may be a characteristics of SS patients with essential hypertension.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Shandong Province(2012GSF11828)
文摘Dietary sodium intake and its impact factors in 2 140 adults aged 18-69 years were analyzed. The mean daily sodium intake was 5 745.0 （5 427.6- 6 062.5） mg per day, which was higher in males than in females （P〈0.01）. After having been adjusted for gender, age and urban/city areas, the mean daily sodium intake was significantly higher in participants with a lower education level, drinkers and smokers than in those with a higher education level, nondrinkers and nonsmokers （P〈O.01）. The dietary sodium intake in adults of Shandong Province is higher than the recommended standards.
基金supported by grants from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-2-003,2017-I2M-1-004)。
文摘Background:High sodium intake is an important risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease.However,the association between gut microbiota composition and metabolomic profiles with dietary sodium intake and blood pressure(BP)is not well-understood.The metabolome,microbiome,and dietary salt intervention(MetaSalt)study aimed to investigate microbial and metabolomic profiles related to dietary sodium intake and BP regulation.Methods:This family-based intervention study was conducted in four communities across three provinces in rural northern China in 2019.Probands with untreated prehypertension or stage-1 hypertension were identified through community-based BP screening,and family members including siblings,offspring,spouses,and parents were subsequently included.All participants participated in a 3-day baseline examination with usual diet consumption,followed by a 10-day low-salt diet(3 g/d of salt or 51.3 mmol/d of sodium)and a 10-day high-salt diet(18 g/d of salt or 307.8 mmol/d of sodium).Differences in mean BP levels were compared according to the intervention phases using a paired Student’s t-test.Results:A total of 528 participants were included in this study,with a mean age of 48.1 years,36.7%of whom were male,76.8%had a middle school(69.7%)or higher(7.1%)diploma,23.4%had a history of smoking,and 24.4%were current drinkers.The mean arterial pressure at baseline was 97.2±10.5 mm Hg for all participants,and significantly decreased during the low-salt intervention(93.8±9.3,P<0.0001)and subsequently increased during the high-salt intervention(96.4±10.0,P<0.0001).Conclusions:Our dietary salt intervention study has successfully recruited participants and will facilitate to evaluate the effects of gut microbiota and metabolites on BP regulation in response to sodium burden,which will provide important evidence for investigating the underlying mechanisms in the development of hypertension and subsequent cardiovascular diseases.Trial registration:The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry database(ChiCTR1900025171).
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of salt intake on the circadian rhythm of blood pressure and the characteristics of ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in salt-sensitive (SS) subjects. METHODS: Twenty-three normotensive subjects and forty-three patients with essential hypertension were included in this study. Salt sensitivity was determined with a chronic dietary salt loading test and an acute venous saline loading test, respectively. 24-hour ABP measurements were performed twice in normotensive subjects when they were on a high salt diet and when they had a low salt diet. Blood and urine samples were collected for measurement of plasma norepinephrine concentration (PNE), plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II, aldosterone, erythrocyte sodium content and urinary sodium excretion. 24-hour ABP readings were also obtained in patients with essential hypertension when antihypertensive drugs were discontinued for at least 2 weeks. RESULTS: High salt intake attenuated the circadian rhythm of blood pressure in SS normotensive subjects, and the nocturnal decline in blood pressure was smaller in SS patients with essential hypertension than in salt-resistant (SR) patients. The level of PNE was higher and the suppression of PRA was smaller in SS subjects than in SR subjects when they had a high salt diet, and the urinary sodium excretion decreased and the erythrocyte sodium content increased significantly in SS subjects on high salt intake. CONCLUSIONS: High salt intake caused an abnormal circadian rhythm of blood pressure in SS subjects. The blunted nocturnal decline in blood pressure may be a characteristics of SS patients with essential hypertension.
