Target acquisition performance in the presence of JPEG image compression

This paper presents an investigation on the effect of JPEG compression on the similarity between the target image and the background,where the similarity is further used to determine the degree of clutter in the image.Four new clutter metrics based on image quality assessment are introduced,among which the Haar wavelet-based perceptual similarity index,known as HaarPSI,provides the best target acquisition prediction results.It is shown that the similarity between the target and the background at the boundary between visually lossless and visually lossy compression does not change significantly compared to the case when an uncompressed image is used.In future work,through subjective tests,it is necessary to check whether this presence of compression at the threshold of just noticeable differences will affect the human target acquisition performance.Similarity values are compared with the results of subjective tests of the well-known target Search_2 database,where the degree of agreement between objective and subjective scores,measured through linear correlation,reached a value of 90%.

A New Elasticity and Finite Element Formulation for Different Young's Modulus When Tension and Compression Loadings

This paper presents a new elasticity and finite element formulation for different Young's modulus when tension and compression loadings in anisotropy media. The case studies, such as anisotropy and isotropy, were investigated. A numerical example was shown to find out the changes of neutral axis at the pure bending beams.

Expansion of spherical cavity of strain-softening materials with different elastic moduli of tension and compression

An expansion theory of spherical cavities in strain-softening materials with different moduli of tension and com-pression was presented. For geomaterials,two controlling parameters were introduced to take into account the different moduli and strain-softening properties. By means of elastic theory with different moduli and stress-softening models,general solutions cal-culating Tresca and Mohr-Coulomb materials' stress and displacement fields of expansion of spherical cavity were derived. The effects caused by different elastic moduli in tensile and compression and strain-softening rates on stress and displacement fields and development of plastic zone of expansion of cavity were analyzed. The results show that the ultimate expansion pressure,stress and displacement fields and development of plastic zone vary with the different elastic moduli and strain-softening prop-erties. If classical elastic theory is adopted and strain-softening properties are neglected,rather large errors may be the result.

ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF BENDING-COMPRESSION COLUMN USING DIFFERENT TENSION-COMPRESSION MODULUS

Based on elastic theory of different tension-compression modulus, the analytical solution was deduced for bending-compression column subject to combined loadings by the flowing coordinate system and phased integration method. The formulations for the neutral axis, stress, strain and displacement were developed, the finite element program was compiled for calculation, and the comparison between the result of finite element and analytical solution were given too. Finally, compare and analyze the result of different modulus and the same modulus, obtain the difference of two theories in result, and propose the reasonable suggestion for the calculation of this structure.

A Block Difference Compression Algorithm for Digital Image Supervision

A block difference compression algorithm based on block PSNR, Which is one of the parameters of image quality is presented for image sequence processing. This algorithm adopts classical JPEG method in intra-frame coding, and processes 8×8 blocks of inter-frame with different methods depending on the results from the current PSNR compared with a threshold. The calculation of threshold and the situation of error accumulation based on different thresholds as well as the structure of code stream are also presented. The advantage of this algorithm is the reduction of the large operation volume during inter-frame processing.

Internal Force Analysis Due to the Supporting Translation in Statically (Indeterminate) Structures for Different Elastic Modulus

For statically indeterminate structure, the internal force will be changed with the translation of the supports, because the internal force is related to the absolute value of the stiffness EI. When the tension is different with the compression modulus, EI is the function of internal force and is not constant any more that is different from classic mechanics. In the other words, it is a nonlinear problem to calculate the internal force. The expression for neutral axis of the statically indeterminate structure was derived in the paper. The iterative program for nonlinear internal force was compiled. One case study was presented to illustrate the difference between the results using the different modulus theory and the single modulus theory as in classical mechanics. Finally, some reasonable suggestions were made for the different modulus structures.

THE UPWIND OPERATOR SPLITTING FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD FOR COMPRESSIBLE TWO-PHASE DISPLACEMENT PROBLEM AND ANALYSIS

For compressible two-phase displacement problem, a kind of upwind operator splitting finite difference schemes is put forward and make use of operator splitting, of calculus of variations, multiplicative commutation rule of difference operators, decomposition of high order difference operators and prior estimates are adopted. Optimal order estimates in L 2 norm are derived to determine the error, in the approximate solution.

A Squared-Chebyshev wavelet thresholding based 1D signal compression

In this paper a square wavelet thresholding method is proposed and evaluated as compared to the other classical wavelet thresholding methods (like soft and hard). The main advantage of this work is to design and implement a new wavelet thresholding method and evaluate it against other classical wavelet thresholding methods and hence search for the optimal wavelet mother function among the wide families with a suitable level of decomposition and followed by a novel thresholding method among the existing methods. This optimized method will be used to shrink the wavelet coefficients and yield an adequate compressed pressure signal prior to transmit it. While a comparison evaluation analysis is established, A new proposed procedure is used to compress a synthetic signal and obtain the optimal results through minimization the signal memory size and its transmission bandwidth. There are different performance indices to establish the comparison and evaluation process for signal compression;but the most well-known measuring scores are: NMSE, ESNR, and PDR. The obtained results showed the dominant of the square wavelet thresholding method against other methods using different measuring scores and hence the conclusion by the way for adopting this proposed novel wavelet thresholding method for 1D signal compression in future researches.

Efficient Data Compression of ECG Signal Based on Modified Discrete Cosine Transform

This paper introduced an efficient compression technique that uses the compressive sensing(CS)method to obtain and recover sparse electrocardiography(ECG)signals.The recovery of the signal can be achieved by using sampling rates lower than the Nyquist frequency.A novel analysis was proposed in this paper.To apply CS on ECG signal,the first step is to generate a sparse signal,which can be obtained using Modified Discrete Cosine Transform(MDCT)on the given ECGsignal.This transformation is a promising key for other transformations used in this search domain and can be considered as the main contribution of this paper.A small number of wavelet components can describe the ECG signal as related work to obtain a sparse ECGsignal.Asensing technique for ECGsignal compression,which is a novel area of research,is proposed.ECG signals are introduced randomly between any successive beats of the heart.MIT-BIH database can be represented as the experimental database in this domain of research.TheMIT-BIH database consists of various ECG signals involving a patient and standard ECG signals.MATLAB can be considered as the simulation tool used in this work.The proposed method’s uniqueness was inspired by the compression ratio(CR)and achieved by MDCT.The performance measurement of the recovered signal was done by calculating the percentage root mean difference(PRD),mean square error(MSE),and peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR)besides the calculation of CR.Finally,the simulation results indicated that this work is one of the most important works in ECG signal compression.

ERROR ESTIMATION OF SPECTRAL-DIFFERENCE METHOD FOR COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOW IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPACE

This paper is devoted to a combined Fourier spectral-finite difference method for solving 3-dimensional, semi-periodic compressible fluid flow problem. The error estimation, as well as the convergence rate, is presented.

ANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR BENDING BEAM SUBJECT TO LATERAL FORCE WITH DIFFERENT MODULUS

A bending beam,subjected to state of plane stress,was chosen to investigate.The determination of the neutral surface of the structure was made,and the calculating formulas of neutral axis,normal stress,shear stress and displacement were derived.It is concluded that, for the elastic bending beam with different tension-compression modulus in the condition of complex stress, the position of the neutral axis is not related with the shear stress, and the analytical solution can be derived by normal stress used as a criterion, improving the multiple cyclic method which determines the position of neutral point by the principal stress. Meanwhile, a comparison is made between the results of the analytical solution and those calculated from the classic mechanics theory, assuming the tension modulus is equal to the compression modulus, and those from the finite element method (FEM) numerical solution. The comparison shows that the analytical solution considers well the effects caused by the condition of different tension and compression modulus. Finally, a calculation correction of the structure with different modulus is proposed to optimize the structure.

3D Perception Algorithms: Towards Perceptually Driven Compression of 3D Video

In this paper, we summarize 3D perception-oriented algorithms for perceptually driven 3D video coding. Several perceptual ef- fects have been exploited for 2D video viewing; however, this is not yet the case for 3D video viewing. 3D video requires depth perception, which implies binocular effects such as con fl icts, fusion, and rivalry. A better understanding of these effects is necessary for 3D perceptual compression, which provides users with a more comfortable visual experience for video that is de- livered over a channel with limited bandwidth. We present state-of-the-art of 3D visual attention models, 3D just-notice- able difference models, and 3D texture-synthesis models that address 3D human vision issues in 3D video coding and trans-mission.

水泥稳定碎石拉压不同力学特性研究

为解决现行路面结构设计参数及其取值与材料实际力学特性不匹配的问题,选取典型水泥稳定碎石开展了不同水泥剂量与加载速度下的单轴压缩及直接拉伸试验,研究了其应力应变特性,并分析了压拉强度、模量及泊松比的变化规律及其相互关系,揭示了水泥稳定碎石的拉压不同力学特性.结果表明:水泥稳定碎石拉压受力状态下的应力应变性质符合双模量理论的双线性特征,2%~3%水泥剂量范围为水泥稳定碎石力学本质特性发生变化的过渡区;水泥稳定碎石的拉压力学参数与加载速度和水泥剂量均呈良好的非线性变化关系;就影响因素而言,水泥剂量对材料拉压参数的影响程度远大于加载速度;就力学参数而言,模量受水泥剂量和加载速度的影响最大,其次为强度,最后为泊松比,且相较于抗压,抗拉力学参数受这2种因素的影响更为显著;压拉模量比及压拉泊松比的比值受加载速度和水泥剂量的影响较小,压拉强度比随水泥剂量的增大而逐渐减小,当水泥剂量超过3%时,压拉强度比趋于稳定,据此建立了水泥稳定碎石的拉压力学参数量化取值模型.研究结果可为基于双模量理论的路面结构设计参数取值提供依据.

基于可变高增压方式的航空活塞发动机变海拔工作特性仿真研究

以一台直列四冲程压燃式航空活塞发动机为研究机型,通过GT-Power构建一维热力学模型,首先对比研究了不同海拔下固定截面增压(fixed geometry turbocharger,FGT)、可变几何截面增压(variable geometry turbocharger,VGT)和两级可变几何截面增压(twinvariable geometry turbocharger,TVGT)对发动机性能的影响;然后基于搭建的TVGT增压系统,探究了高、低压级VGT叶片开度对发动机变海拔条件下工作特性的影响。结果表明:在不同海拔和转速工况下,发动机匹配TVGT增压系统后,其海拔适应性更佳。针对TVGT系统,在不同海拔下,当高压级VGT叶片开度位于0.2~0.4范围内,低压级VGT叶片开度位于0.6~0.8范围内时可以获得较高的动力性及经济性。通过对高、低压级VGT叶片开度的优化,在巡航工况转速3397 r/min时可在6000 m海拔下实现106.8%的功率恢复目标,可满足发动机对高海拔工作运行的功率恢复要求。

中药穴位热熨敷的不同推熨频率对促进结肠癌根治术后患者胃肠功能恢复的影响

[目的]观察中药穴位热熨敷的不同推熨频率对促进结肠癌根治术后患者胃肠功能恢复的影响。[方法]选取2020年1月—2023年3月在广州中医药大学第一附属医院二外科住院的腹腔镜下结肠癌根治术后患者108例,随机分为试验A组、试验B组、对照组各36例。对照组采用常规护理方法,试验组在常规护理基础上实施子午流注理论指导下的中药热熨敷干预,试验A组的推熨频率为90~95次/min,试验B组的推熨频率为115~120次/min,从术后第1天开始,每日2次,直至肛门排气和排便。观察3组患者胃肠功能恢复、住院时间、中医证候积分变化情况以及不良反应发生情况,评价3组患者的临床疗效。[结果]干预后,试验B组术后肠鸣音恢复时间、首次肛门排气时间明显短于试验A组和对照组(P<0.05),试验B组首次排便时间和术后住院时间均明显短于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);3组患者中医证候积分的组间效应、时间效应及交互效应均有统计学差异(P<0.05);3组患者中医证候积分随时间推移均呈下降趋势,试验B组术后72 h的中医证候积分低于试验A组和对照组,且试验A组低于对照组(P<0.05);试验A组和试验B组的临床治疗总有效率均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]中药热熨敷能有效促进结肠癌根治术后患者胃肠功能恢复,以推熨频率为115~120次/min的整体治疗效果更为显著。

基于拉压差异的沥青混合料强度与疲劳特性

【目的】探究沥青混合料的拉压差异力学特性。【方法】开展了典型沥青混合料直接拉伸和四点弯曲强度及疲劳试验,基于材料拉压模量差异特性推导并得到了区别于传统四点弯曲梁的真实四点弯曲强度计算公式,分析了传统四点弯曲、真实四点弯曲及直接拉伸应力状态下强度、疲劳寿命及模量衰变规律。【结果】真实四点弯曲强度约为传统四点弯曲强度的80%,在相同加载速率下,不同应力状态强度中直接拉伸强度最小,且其对加载速率的敏感性亦最低;在相同应力水平下,直接拉伸疲劳寿命最小,但在相同真实应力比下直接拉伸疲劳寿命最大,真实四点弯曲疲劳寿命约为传统四点弯曲疲劳寿命的46%;真实四点弯曲疲劳试验的模量衰变速率远小于直接拉伸模量衰变速率,且破坏时前者的模量衰减幅度更小。【结论】材料的拉压差异特性对其力学参数的测试结果及变化规律影响显著,研究成果可为考虑拉压差异的沥青路面结构设计参数取值提供参考。

考虑局部损伤区变化的能量平衡尺寸效应模型

尽管研究者已经提出各种各样的尺寸效应模型,但是建立能描述不同类型尺寸效应规律的模型依旧是力学和材料学中最具挑战性的问题之一.首先通过系统深入分析局部损伤区(localized damage zone,LDZ)随试件尺寸的变化规律,提出能够准确地描述LDZ非线性尺寸效应的理论模型并验证.在此基础上,建立考虑LDZ随尺寸变化的能量平衡尺寸效应模型.考虑LDZ变化的能量平衡尺寸效应模型能体现5种不同类型的尺寸效应规律.随着尺寸增大,类型1:名义抗压强度逐渐减小,最终趋于单轴压缩弹性极限;类型2:名义抗压强度先在一定尺寸范围内为真实抗压强度,然后逐渐减小,最终趋于单轴压缩弹性极限;类型3:名义抗压强度先增加,然后逐渐减小,最终趋于单轴压缩弹性极限;类型4:名义抗压强度先逐渐增加到真实抗压强度,然后在一定尺寸范围恒为真实抗压强度,再逐渐减小,最终趋于单轴压缩弹性极限;类型5:名义抗压强度不随尺寸变化.文章模型首次理论预测类型4尺寸效应存在,并证实微纳尺度钛合金尺寸效应试验中存在这一规律.对考虑LDZ变化的能量平衡尺寸效应模型分析表明:LDZ尺寸与试件尺寸相对变化率之间的竞争是本文尺寸效应模型能体现5种类型的尺寸效应的原因.由于笔者先前已经证明能量平衡尺寸效应模型能很好预测类型1,2和5尺寸效应,但其不能体现类型3和4尺寸效应.因此,文章应用考虑LDZ变化的能量平衡尺寸效应模型和IUSEL(improved unified size-effect law)预测类型3和4尺寸效应试验数据,结果表明:考虑LDZ变化的能量平衡尺寸效应模型能很好预测各种材料类型3和4尺寸效应试验数据变化规律,而IUSEL不能描述类型4尺寸效应数据变化规律.考虑LDZ变化的能量平衡尺寸效应模型和IUSEL预测所有尺寸效应数据的总平均确定系数接近.

差分编码和块压缩的密文域可逆信息隐藏算法

随着数字信息与云存储技术的发展与成熟,密文域可逆信息隐藏算法正逐渐成为通信传输中数据隐私保护的研究热点。如何根据不同载体图像像素的分布特征,对局部区域内像素进行自适应识别编码,实现对载体更彻底的压缩以提升嵌入容量仍具有较大挑战。本文针对密文域可逆信息隐藏算法因载体图像冗余空间压缩不充分而导致嵌入容量较低的问题,提出一种基于差分编码和块压缩的密文域可逆信息隐藏算法。首先,根据自然图像局部区域内像素强相关性邻位作差,并基于块内最大差值对差值图像矩阵进行分类和自适应编码,同时设计分块置乱和块内像素扩散加密机制保证图像信息安全。然后,将自适应编码结果在对应的密文图像块上进行标记,压缩冗余空间。最后,通过位替换嵌入秘密信息。不同于其他算法,本算法对差分编码后的图像进行比特位重排列,从密文图像像素最低有效位开始,标记差值像素的符号位,其余各位面依次标记最小差值比特位。由于加密操作与自适应编码的可逆性,合法接收者可实现对原始明文图像的无损重构和秘密信息的无误提取。实验结果表明,与现有的几类算法相比,本文提出的算法具有更高的嵌入率和更好的安全性,在BOSSbase和BOWS-2两个数据集上的平均嵌入率达到3.027位/像素和2.937位/像素,在测试图像上平均嵌入率也均提高了0.57位/像素以上。

不同加载速率下蒸养混凝土单轴压缩声发射特性研究

为研究加载速率对蒸养混凝土受压破坏过程中声发射特性的影响,针对蒸养混凝土试件开展3种加载速率工况单轴压缩试验,并利用声发射技术对试验全过程进行动态监测,分析了不同加载速率下蒸养混凝土内部声发射特征参数的变化特征。结果表明:不同加载速率下蒸养混凝土受压破坏过程的声发射振铃计数变化呈现接触期、平静期、陡增期的三阶段变化规律,随加载速率增加,振铃计数率和能量计数率峰值逐渐增大,累计振铃计数和累计能量计数逐渐减小。低加载速率下,声发射幅度分布较为稀疏,内部损伤信号多而分散;高加载速率下,声发射幅度分布较为密集,内部损伤信号少而集中。声发射Ib值随加载进程呈现上升、波动和下降的演化过程,随加载速率的增加,混凝土试件破裂模式由剪切破坏向拉伸破坏的趋势演变。

钛合金室温受压蠕变损伤本构模型

为了解决工程上在评估深潜器耐压壳体安全可靠性时不考虑拉压蠕变破坏机理产生的差异,会导致较大计算误差问题,本文提出了适用于室温蠕变的蠕变损伤本构模型。通过分析钛合金材料蠕变特性,考虑了室温环境下位错堆积造成的蠕变阻力,并且位错堆积的现象与时间有关。基于微分自洽法提出了适用于室温环境下的钛合金蠕变本构模型,得到受压情况下TC4ELI的相关材料参数,并将该模型用USDFLD和CREEP子程序进行定义。研究表明:对于受压结构而言,使用通过拉伸蠕变实验得到的本构模型的计算结果会过于保守,对于含V型缺口平板受压时等效蠕变应变的相对误差为168.20%。本文所提出的模型适用于环肋耐压壳结构的蠕变损伤分析。