Where Is Happiness?——Brief Analysis of the Differences of Elizabeth and Gu Manlu that Leading to Their Different Fates

Both Jane Austen and Eileen Chang are popular female writers.However they endowed their heroines with differentfates:Elizabeth in Pride and Prejudice earns a happily-ever-after with her Mr.Right,while Gu Manlu in Eighteen Springs has toembrace death long before her time.They are destined due to their different family backgrounds and different characters which aredepicted in the novels.

A hyperbolic function approach to constructing exact solitary wave solutions of the Hybrid lattice and discrete mKdV lattice

Some new exact solitary wave solutions of the Hybrid lattice and discrete mKdV lattice are obtained by using a hyperbolic function approach. This approach can also be applied to other nonlinear differential-difference equations.

A Finite-Difference Approach to the Time-Dependent Mild-Slope Equation

A finite-difference approach is used to develop a time-dependent mild-slope equation incorporating the effects of bottom dissipation and nonlinearity. The Enler predietor-corrector method and the three-point finite-difference method with varying spatial steps are adopted to discretize the time derivatives and the two-dimensional horizontal ones, respectively, thus leading both the time and spatial derivatives to the second-order accuracy. The boundary conditions for the present model are treated on the basis of the general conditions for open and fixed boundaries with an arbitrary reflection coefficient and phase shift. Both the linear and nonlinear versions of the numerical model are applied to the wave propagation and transformation over an elliptic shoal on a sloping beach, respectively, and the linear version is applied to the simulation of wave propagation in a fully open rectangular harbor. From comparison of numerical results with theoretical or experimental ones, it is found that they are in reasonable agreement.

Nurses’ Care Approach (NCAp): Connecting Differences to Islamic Believer Patients in the Arab World

Background: Nursing care approaches may vary from one patient to another. In the nursing profession, nurses are imbibed with the attributes of multicultural care competencies that would empower the nurses to be adaptive and mindful of how they provide and go with their carative nursing managements. This would entail that the non-Muslim nurses must be aware and be sensitive enough in their approaches and communicative exchanges with their Muslim patients. Objective: The study aims to identify the care approaches given by non-Muslim nurses working in the Arab world and how they elicit and provide a universal approach in caring Muslim patients. Methods: The study utilized a mixed methodology, specifically the explanatory sequential design, which involved a descriptive-comparative quantitative research design and eidetic qualitative research design. Results: Based on the result with the highest mean 3.63%, the respondents strongly agree that the non-Muslim nurse is aware of her own culture, 3.60% strongly agree that the non-Muslim Nurse does not discriminate the decisions of the patients regardless of gender, race, culture or belief and 3.58% still strongly agree that the non-Muslim nurse encourages patients to communicate as need arises. Here are three themes emerged from the study: understanding and respect of cultures, caring across borders, and caring calmness. In connecting the differences, non-Muslim nurses must be aware of their own culture, must not discriminate the decisions of the patients regardless of gender, race, culture or belief and must encourages patients to communicate as need arises. Conclusion: Knowing and understanding the scope of nursing practice with a high regard of respect to patients without discrimination will promote and provide holistic, safe and high-quality nursing care.

Toward Analytic Solution of Nonlinear Differential Difference Equations via Extended Sensitivity Approach

In this paper an efficient computational method based on extending the sensitivity approach(SA) is proposed to find an analytic exact solution of nonlinear differential difference equations.In this manner we avoid solving the nonlinear problem directly.By extension of sensitivity approach for differential difference equations(DDEs),the nonlinear original problem is transformed into infinite linear differential difference equations,which should be solved in a recursive manner.Then the exact solution is determined in the form of infinite terms series and by intercepting series an approximate solution is obtained.Numerical examples are employed to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Effects of endoscopic surgery via different approaches on neurological function and complications in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage

Objective:To study the effects of different approaches of neuroendoscopic treatment on neurological function and complications of patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.Methods:72 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage diagnosed and treated in our hospital were selected as research objects.They were divided into the study group(n=37)and the control group(n=35)according to different approaches.The study group was the lateral fissure approach,and the control group was the anterior coronary suture approach.The curative effect,hematoma clearance,postoperative wake time,postoperative cerebral edema,daily living ability,neurological function,and complications in the two groups were observed.Results:The efficacy of the study group was higher than that of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The postoperative cerebral edema,postoperative wake time,and postoperative intracranial pressure in the study group were lower than those in the control group,and the hematoma clearance rate in the study group was higher than that in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);At 3 and 6 months after treatment,the daily living ability of the study group was higher than that of the control group,and neurological dysfunction of the study group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05);The complication rate of the study group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05);There was no significant difference in mortality rate between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:Different approaches have different effects on patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.Compared with the anterior coronary suture approach,the lateral fissure approach has less damage to nerve function,and has less postoperative complications.

A Genre-Based Approach to Developing Learning and Teaching Academic Writing Skills With Relation to the Omani Technical Context

Teachers are supposed to apply the Genre-Based Approach(GBA)to teach academic writing in the Foundation Year Program(FYP)in the colleges of technology.However,students in these colleges find it difficult to produce a formal piece of academic work(Al-Husseini,2004).Students seem to face lot of writing problems and so the author conducted this study to have a better understanding of what is happening.He carried a questionnaire study to reveal the causes of difficulties in academic writing.The author restricted his focus on research to lack of practice in applying these skills in students’writing as that is more relevant in the technical colleges’context.The study proved that the absence of practicing learning and teaching academic writing due to the insufficient use of the GBA,partly discourage the adequate mastering of these skills.Following the GBA to tackle such problem might be useful.As a consequence,the author considers this research study’s results as an additional evidence for the value of the GBA in developing the learning and teaching of academic writing skills to FYP Omani students in the technical colleges.

农业产业园区建设提升农业全要素生产率了吗?——基于“国家现代农业示范区”的准自然实验

农业全要素生产率提升是农业高质量发展的核心,农业政策落地将直接影响农业全要素生产率的变动。以“国家现代农业示范区”政策为例,采用2005—2020年中国263个地市的面板数据,建立多时点双重差分(DID)模型,考察农业产业园区建设对农业全要素生产率的影响。结果显示:(1)国家现代农业示范区的设立,对农业全要素生产率提升具有显著的促进作用,经过一系列稳健性检验后,该结论仍然成立。政策效应具有持久性,随着设立时间的推移,国家现代农业示范区对农业全要素提升的推动作用越来越大。(2)国家现代农业示范区设立主要通过改善电力、农田水利基础设施的方式促进农业全要素生产率的发展,但借助农业种植结构调整的路径不显著。(3)发达地区、非粮食主产区及高粮食产量和化肥施用强度地市的国家现代农业示范区,对农业全要素生产率提升具有更强的政策效果。优化农业产业园区政策,有助于农业由传统的“要素驱动型”向“效率驱动型”发展模式转变。

碳排放权交易政策的资源配置效应--基于资源要素的企业内外“双循环”视角

作为实现“双碳”战略的重要手段,碳排放权交易政策能否在实现碳减排目标的同时改善资源配置,实现环境保护与经济协调发展,是一个值得探究的问题。选取2008-2020年高污染工业企业数据,以2011年碳排放权交易政策出台作为准自然实验,采用双重差分模型和三重差分模型研究该政策对企业内以及企业间资源配置效率的影响。结果表明:碳排放权交易政策可以促进资源在企业内部的循环调整,优化企业内资源配置效率,还能够提高企业市场份额增长率,但同时也弱化了企业之间的资源配置效率,使资源更多地流向了低生产率企业,从而造成低生产率企业的市场份额增长更快。进一步研究表明:碳排放权交易政策对企业内与企业间资源配置效率的影响在异质性企业中呈现出非对称性,主要表现为碳排放权交易政策对非政治关联企业和大规模企业内部资源配置效率的影响更大,并且对非政治关联企业和小规模企业之间资源配置效率产生更显著影响。研究结论为碳排放权交易政策推进经济高质量发展提供了政策启示。

城乡二元差异视角下横断山区县域尺度居民生计水平测度

城市化导致城乡居民生计差异凸显,区域尺度的居民生计研究需充分考虑该差异。采用可持续生计方法(SLA),基于县域尺度建立城乡差异化的居民生计测度体系,引入城乡差异因子测度了横断山区县域的居民生计水平。结果表明:(1)引入城乡差异因子能一定程度消除居民生计水平测度研究中城镇居民生计优势对区域整体生计水平的放大作用;(2)2000—2015年横断山区城乡二元性结构特征显著,期间城乡居民生计关键驱动因子差异明显,乡村居民生计发展逐步由自然资本驱动转变为物质资本驱动,城镇规模超过产业发展状况成为影响城镇居民生计发展的关键影响因子,城乡统筹来看,投资规模和信息获取能力开始愈发的显现其对于居民生计发展的积极作用;(3)横断山区县域居民生计水平总体偏低,发展动能总体不足,两极化发展趋势日益明显;(4)区域居民生计水平总体呈南高北低的空间分布格局,同海拔、坡度呈显著的负相关关系,区域内越是生计脆弱的县域,其居民生计发展越易受到自然环境的制约,同时县域居民生计水平同区域劳动力数量、经济规模显著正相关,劳动力充足、经济发展水平较高的县域其居民生计对自然环境扰动具有更强的韧性。总体来看引入城乡差异因子的可持续生计方法能较好的适用于区域尺度的居民生计水平测度研究,能一定程度消除城乡二元结构差异对居民生计整体水平产生的影响。

经剑突下入路与经肋间入路胸腔镜术治疗前纵隔肿瘤的效果差异

目的:探究经剑突下入路与经肋间入路胸腔镜术对前纵隔肿瘤疗效、并发症的影响。方法:选2020年1月至2023年1月于宣城市人民医院行胸腔镜手术的前纵隔肿瘤患者100例,根据其手术入路方式将其分为剑突组(经剑突下入路,60例)、肋间组(经肋间入路,40例)。比较两组患者围术期指标(术中出血量、术后引流量、手术时间、镇痛泵使用次数)、康复指标(引流管滞留时间、术后止痛药使用时间、住院时间)、不同时间段疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual Analog Scale,VAS)以及术后7、15、30、45d Karnofsky功能状态(Karnofsky Performance Status,KPS)评分、并发症(胸腔积液、气胸、肺不张、肺部感染)发生率。结果:剑突组患者的术中出血量为(24.67±3.21)mL,低于肋间组[(40.13±4.29)mL,P<0.05];术后引流量为(151.95±17.12)mL,低于肋间组[(306.50±30.52)mL,P<0.05];手术时间为(66.00±6.59)min,短于肋间组[(91.65±10.51)min,P<0.05];镇痛泵使用次数为(6.07±1.02)次,低于肋间组[(7.10±1.22)次,P<0.05]。剑突组患者的引流管滞留时间为(17.20±3.19)h,低于肋间组[(21.77±3.97)h,P<0.05];术后止痛药使用时间为(1.85±0.92)d,低于肋间组[(3.10±0.90)d,P<0.05];住院时间为(6.10±1.32)d,低于肋间组[(8.75±1.66)d,P<0.05]。剑突组患者的术前VAS评分为(2.02±0.43)分,与肋间组[(2.00±0.45)分比较无差异,P>0.05];术后1d为(4.57±1.44)分,显著低于肋间组[(5.83±1.48)分,P<0.05];术后2d为(3.00±1.01)分,显著低于肋间组[(4.38±1.39)分,P<0.05];术后3d为(2.40±0.62)分,显著低于肋间组[(3.42±0.81)分,P<0.05]。剑突组患者术后7d的KPS评分为(60.13±3.20)分,显著高于肋间组[(57.38±4.20)分,P<0.05];术后15d为(65.78±3.09)分,显著高于肋间组[(62.17±3.76)分,P<0.05];术后30d为(71.50±3.71)分,显著高于肋间组[(68.10±3.86)分,P<0.05];术后45d为(81.67±5.07)分,显著高于肋间组[(75.45±5.20)分,P<0.05]。并发症总发生率3.33%少于肋间组20.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:经剑突下入路胸腔镜术对前纵隔肿瘤治疗效果理想,能够有效改善患者疼痛及功能状态,减少并发症的发生。

我国自贸区政策对港口竞争力影响研究

自贸区政策对包括港口海运在内的各领域将产生影响。文章基于2009—2020年20个港口的面板数据,采用主成分分析法以降维的思想确定港口竞争力,并使用多期双重差分法研究我国自贸区对港口竞争力的政策影响效果,同时检验政策效应的城市规模异质性。研究发现,港口基础设施、腹地城市经济贸易、发展潜力可以解释并代表港口竞争力;自贸区对腹地城市经济贸易产生显著促进作用,对港口基础设施数量有明显抑制作用,有利于激发发展潜力;自贸区政策效应存在城市规模异质性,非一线及新一线城市自贸区对腹地城市经济推动作用则更显著。研究结论对于探索我国自贸区政策的效果、加强自贸区各港口的竞争力具有重要意义。

不同入路方式下髓内钉内固定术治疗胫骨骨折的效果及并发症比较

目的探讨不同入路方式下髓内钉内固定术治疗胫骨骨折的效果及对并发症发生率的影响。方法回顾性分析2018年2月至2022年1月于北京积水潭医院贵州医院骨一科进行髓内钉内固定术治疗的80例胫骨骨折患者的临床资料,根据入路方式不同分为髌上组(n=20)与髌下组(n=60)。比较两组临床指标(术中出血量、术中透视次数、手术时间、愈合时间);比较两组术前及术后1、3、6、9个月美国特种外科医院膝关节评分(HSS);比较两组术前及术后6、24、48、72h疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分;比较两组并发症发生情况。结果髌上组术中出血量、术中透视次数均少于髌下组,手术时间短于髌下组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组HSS评分组间、时间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组HSS评分交互效应比较差异无统计学意义;术前,两组HSS评分比较差异无统计学意义,术后1、3、6、9个月,两组HSS评分均高于前一时间点,且髌上组高于髌下组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组VAS评分组间、时间、交互比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前,两组VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义,术后6、24、48、72h,两组VAS评分均低于前一时间点,且髌上组低于髌下组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论对胫骨骨折患者进行髓内钉内固定术进行治疗,髌上入路方式术中出血量更少,手术时间更短,更有利于促进膝关节功能恢复,减轻术后疼痛,避免并发症出现,值得在临床推广应用。

不同入路髂筋膜间隙阻滞在全髋关节置换术中的应用效果

目的探讨两种入路髂筋膜间隙阻滞(FICB)在全髋关节置换术(THA)中的效果。方法将福州市第二总医院2021年6月至2023年5月202例THA患者分为A组和B组(每组101例)。A组以腹股沟韧带上入路,B组以腹股沟韧带下入路。对比两组的术中生命体征和主观疼痛程度及阻滞效果。结果在术中心率、平均动脉压及脑电双频指数,A组与B组无明显差异(P>0.05)。在术后各时间点(T_(1)~T_(4)),两组患者静息和被动活动的VAS均无明显差异(P>0.05)。A组在T_(1),T_(2)及T_(3)时的股外侧皮神经(LFCN)及闭孔神经(ON)的阻滞成功率均比B组高(P<0.05)。结论腹股沟韧带上和下两种入路行FICB在THA中对血流动力学影响较小,前者的LFCN及ON阻滞效果优于后者。

江苏物流业高质量发展水平测度及空间差异研究

文章以江苏省为研究主体,利用省内13个地级市2013—2022年的面板数据,从新发展理念的视角来构建江苏物流业高质量发展评价体系。基于博弈论组合赋权法和TOPSIS法对发展水平进行综合评价,使用Dagum基尼系数刻画空间差异。结果发现,江苏物流业高质量发展水平稳步提升,且提升幅度较大,但发展水平易受突发事件影响,韧性偏低;从总体差异的角度来看,发展水平较为不均衡,且呈现波动扩大态势;区域差异始终是物流业高质量发展总体差异的主要来源;从区域内差异来看,苏中地区内差异最大,苏北次之,苏南最小。

不同入路胸腔镜手术治疗纵隔肿瘤的效果及安全性比较

目的:探讨不同入路胸腔镜手术治疗纵隔肿瘤的效果及安全性。方法:选取北大医疗淄博医院2021年4月—2023年3月收治的纵隔肿瘤90例,按照手术入路方式不同将其分为对照组(n=44)和观察组(n=46)两组,对照组采取侧胸入路,观察组采用经剑突肋缘下入路。比较两组手术效果、术后疼痛、疼痛应激指标及术后并发症情况。结果:观察组术中出血量和术后引流量少于对照组,术后拔管时间和住院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后1、3、5 d,观察组疼痛视觉模拟评分量表评分均低于对照组;术后1 d,观察组5-羟色胺、促肾上腺皮质激素、前列腺素E_(2)水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。观察组术后并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:与侧胸入路相比,对纵隔肿瘤患者经剑突肋缘下入路进行胸腔镜手术治疗,手术效果良好,可减轻术后疼痛程度,改善疼痛应激指标,且术后并发症总发生率较低。

Examining Forest Net Primary Productivity Dynamics and Driving Forces in Northeastern China During 1982–2010

Forest net primary productivity （NPP） is a key parameter for forest monitoring and management. In this study, monthly and annual forest NPP in the northeastern China from 1982 to 2010 were simulated by using Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach （CASA） model with normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） sequences derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer （AVHRR） Global Invento y Modeling and Mapping Studies （GIMMS） and Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） products. To address the problem of data inconsistency between AVHRR and MODIS data, a per-pixel unary linear regres- sion model based on least ~;quares method was developed to derive the monthly NDVI sequences. Results suggest that estimated forest NPP has mean relative error of 18.97% compared to observed NPP from forest inventory. Forest NPP in the northeastern China in- creased significantly during the twenty-nine years. The results of seasonal dynamic show that more clear increasing trend of forest NPP occurred in spring and awmnn. This study also examined the relationship between forest NPP and its driving forces including the climatic and anthropogenic factors. In spring and winter, temperature played the most pivotal role in forest NPR In autumn, precipitation acted as the most importanl factor affecting forest NPP, while solar radiation played the most important role in the summer. Evaportran- spiration had a close correlation with NPP for coniferous forest, mixed coniferous broadleaved forest, and broadleaved deciduous forest. Spatially, forest NPP in the Da Hinggan Mountains was more sensitive to climatic changes than in the other ecological functional re- gions. In addition to climalie change, the degradation and improvement of forests had important effects on forest NPP. Results in this study are helpful for understanding the regional carbon sequestration and can enrich the cases for the monitoring of vegetation during long time series.

Has Stewart approach improved our ability to diagnose acid-base disorders in critically ill patients?

The Stewart approach-the application of basic physicalchemical principles of aqueous solutions to blood-is an appealing method for analyzing acid-base disorders. These principles mainly dictate that p H is determined by three independent variables, which change primarily and independently of one other. In blood plasma in vivo these variables are:(1) the PCO2;(2) the strong ion difference(SID)-the difference between the sums of all the strong(i.e., fully dissociated, chemically nonreacting) cations and all the strong anions; and(3) the nonvolatile weak acids(Atot). Accordingly, the p H and the bicarbonate levels(dependent variables) are only altered when one or more of the independent variables change. Moreover, the source of H+ is the dissociation of water to maintain electroneutrality when the independent variables are modified. The basic principles of the Stewart approach in blood, however, have been challenged in different ways. First, the presumed independent variables are actually interdependent as occurs in situations such as:(1) the Hamburger effect(a chloride shift when CO2 is added to venous blood from the tissues);(2) the loss of Donnan equilibrium(a chloride shift from the interstitium to the intravascular compartment to balance the decrease of Atot secondary to capillary leak; and(3) the compensatory response to a primary disturbance in either independent variable. Second, the concept of water dissociation in response to changes in SID is controversial and lacks experimental evidence. In addition, the Stewart approach is not better than the conventional method for understanding acid-base disorders such as hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis secondary to a chloride-rich-fluid load. Finally, several attempts were performed to demonstrate the clinical superiority of the Stewart approach. These studies, however, have severe methodological drawbacks. In contrast, the largest study on this issue indicated the interchangeability of the Stewart and conventional methods. Although the introduction of the Stewart approach was a new insight into acid-base physiology, the method has not significantly improved our ability to understand, diagnose, and treat acid-base alterations in critically ill patients.

Effects of Different Time-Dependent Couplings on Two-Atom Entanglement

The effects of different time-independent and time-dependent couplings on two-atom entanglement are studied. The results show that the effects depend on the initial state. For the initial state ｜eeO〉, it is found that different time-independent couplings make the case without entanglement exhibit entanglement, and time-dependent couplings turn the irregular entanglement regions into regular one. Under the case of decay, for the initial state ｜eg0〉, the different time-dependent couplings have disbenefit.

Application of Conjugate Gradient Approach for Nonlinear Optimal Control Problem with Model-Reality Differences

In this paper, an efficient computational algorithm is proposed to solve the nonlinear optimal control problem. In our approach, the linear quadratic optimal control model, which is adding the adjusted parameters into the model used, is employed. The aim of applying this model is to take into account the differences between the real plant and the model used during the calculation procedure. In doing so, an expanded optimal control problem is introduced such that system optimization and parameter estimation are mutually interactive. Accordingly, the optimality conditions are derived after the Hamiltonian function is defined. Specifically, the modified model-based optimal control problem is resulted. Here, the conjugate gradient approach is used to solve the modified model-based optimal control problem, where the optimal solution of the model used is calculated repeatedly, in turn, to update the adjusted parameters on each iteration step. When the convergence is achieved, the iterative solution approaches to the correct solution of the original optimal control problem, in spite of model-reality differences. For illustration, an economic growth problem is solved by using the algorithm proposed. The results obtained demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm proposed. In conclusion, the applicability of the algorithm proposed is highly recommended.