Antagonising effects of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) could be attributed to complexing of the reactive nucleophile (CN-) to form cyanohydrin in cyanide intoxication. However, an enormous protection obtained could not be d...Antagonising effects of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) could be attributed to complexing of the reactive nucleophile (CN-) to form cyanohydrin in cyanide intoxication. However, an enormous protection obtained could not be delineated on account of possible in situ binding of α-KG given intraperitoneally (i.p.) in mice to cyanide administered through the same route. The present study was designed to see the efficacy of a-KG alone or in combination with sodium nitrite (SN) and/or sodium thiosulfate (STS) in male mice exposed to cyanide administered through subcutaneous (s.c.) or inhalation route. A technique for generation of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is also discussed. On the basis of protection index (PI), defined here as the LD50 of cyanide in protected mice/LD50 of cyanide in unprotected mice and survival time, STS + α-KG regimen was equipotent to the conventional SN + STS regimen. This is further substantiated by effect of α-KG in reducing plasma cyanide levels. The efficacy of α-KG remains undeterred irrespective of the route of cyanide intoxication, while the magnitude of protection varies.展开更多
The effects of administering similar doses of some simple alkylating agents to rats by different regimens have been compared.Two of the compounds were methylating agents,nitrosodimeth- ylamine and azoxymethane;two wer...The effects of administering similar doses of some simple alkylating agents to rats by different regimens have been compared.Two of the compounds were methylating agents,nitrosodimeth- ylamine and azoxymethane;two were ethylating agents,nitrosodiethylamine and azoxyethane and nitrosomethylethylamine was both a methylating and an ethylating agent.The treatments gave rise to tumors in almost all treated rats.The results indicate the importance ofpharmacoki- netics in determining which organs are the targets of the alkylating carcinogens.1989 Academic Press.Inc.展开更多
The pnicogen bond interaction between different electron donors(anion, π-electron, heteroatom) and ECl3(E = As, P) was calculated by the method of MP2/aug-cc-p VTZ. It has been indicated that the pnicogen bonds of co...The pnicogen bond interaction between different electron donors(anion, π-electron, heteroatom) and ECl3(E = As, P) was calculated by the method of MP2/aug-cc-p VTZ. It has been indicated that the pnicogen bonds of complex formed by the anion and ECl3 are more stable than that by the neutral electron donor, in which the pnicogen bonds of complex formed by NH3 and ECl3 are the most stable, and that by H2S and ECl3 is the least stable. The nature of pnicogen bond interaction is the closed shell interaction by AIM analysis, and BCP electron density is positively correlated to the complex interaction energy. RDG and DDF graphical analyses are performed to visualize the nature of pnicogen bond interaction from different donors, the position and strength of the pnicogen bond interaction, as well as the rearrangement of electron density after the formation of pnicogen bond system.展开更多
为探究双酶不同酶解路线制得大米蛋白肽的性质差异,研究采用胰蛋白酶(A)和碱性蛋白酶(B)按不同酶解路线对大米蛋白进行酶解,制备了5种大米蛋白肽(A^(1)B^(1)、A^(1)B^(2)、A^(2)B^(1)、A^(1*)B^(2)、A^(2)B^(1*)),对其水解度、基本成分...为探究双酶不同酶解路线制得大米蛋白肽的性质差异,研究采用胰蛋白酶(A)和碱性蛋白酶(B)按不同酶解路线对大米蛋白进行酶解,制备了5种大米蛋白肽(A^(1)B^(1)、A^(1)B^(2)、A^(2)B^(1)、A^(1*)B^(2)、A^(2)B^(1*)),对其水解度、基本成分、氨基酸组成、微观结构、二级结构、分子量分布、风味和体外抗氧化活性等进行分析。结果表明,A^(2)B^(1)组的蛋白含量最高达到90.69%,肽含量高达72.73%;各路线的水解度大于17.60%,水解较为完全;微观结构均由不规则块状变为球体状,A1B2组和A^(1*)B^(2)组球体壁较厚,A^(2)B^(1)组和A^(2)B^(1*)组球体壁较薄,A^(1)B^(1)组为球体碎片;各路线的必需氨基酸含量比大米蛋白低,A1B2组必需氨基酸含量最高;二级结构以多种构象并存,各路线二级结构均以β-转角为主,占二级结构的44.62%~47.18%;各路线酶解产物多为低分子量的多肽,分子量低于5 k Da的多肽占92.09%~93.71%;A1B2样品鲜味最强,涩味最弱,A^(2)B^(1)样品咸味和苦味最弱;相比于A^(1)B^(1)组、A1B2组和A^(1*)B^(2)组,A^(2)B^(1)组和A^(2)B^(1*)组的抗氧化活性更强。通过对双酶不同酶解路线大米蛋白肽的性质研究,综合基本成分、肽含量、氨基酸组成、风味和抗氧化活性评价,A^(2)B^(1)组的品质最佳。展开更多
As an emerging network paradigm,the software-defined network(SDN)finds extensive application in areas such as smart grids,the Internet of Things(IoT),and edge computing.The forwarding layer in software-defined network...As an emerging network paradigm,the software-defined network(SDN)finds extensive application in areas such as smart grids,the Internet of Things(IoT),and edge computing.The forwarding layer in software-defined networks is susceptible to eavesdropping attacks.Route hopping is amoving target defense(MTD)technology that is frequently employed to resist eavesdropping attacks.In the traditional route hopping technology,both request and reply packets use the same hopping path.If an eavesdropping attacker monitors the nodes along this path,the risk of 100%data leakage becomes substantial.In this paper,we present an effective route hopping approach,called two-day different path(TDP),that turns communication paths into untraceable moving targets.This technology minimizes the probability of data leakage by transmitting request data and reply data through different paths.Firstly,a brief introduction to the network model and attack model involved in this paper is given.Secondly,the algorithm and processingmethod of the TDP are proposed.Thirdly,the paper proposes three differentmetrics tomeasure the effectiveness of the proposed approach.Finally,theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the TDP can effectively reduce the percentage of data exposure,decrease eavesdropping attack success probability,and improve the unpredictability of the path.展开更多
文摘Antagonising effects of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) could be attributed to complexing of the reactive nucleophile (CN-) to form cyanohydrin in cyanide intoxication. However, an enormous protection obtained could not be delineated on account of possible in situ binding of α-KG given intraperitoneally (i.p.) in mice to cyanide administered through the same route. The present study was designed to see the efficacy of a-KG alone or in combination with sodium nitrite (SN) and/or sodium thiosulfate (STS) in male mice exposed to cyanide administered through subcutaneous (s.c.) or inhalation route. A technique for generation of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is also discussed. On the basis of protection index (PI), defined here as the LD50 of cyanide in protected mice/LD50 of cyanide in unprotected mice and survival time, STS + α-KG regimen was equipotent to the conventional SN + STS regimen. This is further substantiated by effect of α-KG in reducing plasma cyanide levels. The efficacy of α-KG remains undeterred irrespective of the route of cyanide intoxication, while the magnitude of protection varies.
文摘The effects of administering similar doses of some simple alkylating agents to rats by different regimens have been compared.Two of the compounds were methylating agents,nitrosodimeth- ylamine and azoxymethane;two were ethylating agents,nitrosodiethylamine and azoxyethane and nitrosomethylethylamine was both a methylating and an ethylating agent.The treatments gave rise to tumors in almost all treated rats.The results indicate the importance ofpharmacoki- netics in determining which organs are the targets of the alkylating carcinogens.1989 Academic Press.Inc.
基金supported by the Public Technology Research Project(Analysis and Measurement)of Zhejiang Province(LGC19B070004)State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(KF2018-15)Program for the Philosophy and Social Research in Zhejiang Province(19NDJC262YB)
文摘The pnicogen bond interaction between different electron donors(anion, π-electron, heteroatom) and ECl3(E = As, P) was calculated by the method of MP2/aug-cc-p VTZ. It has been indicated that the pnicogen bonds of complex formed by the anion and ECl3 are more stable than that by the neutral electron donor, in which the pnicogen bonds of complex formed by NH3 and ECl3 are the most stable, and that by H2S and ECl3 is the least stable. The nature of pnicogen bond interaction is the closed shell interaction by AIM analysis, and BCP electron density is positively correlated to the complex interaction energy. RDG and DDF graphical analyses are performed to visualize the nature of pnicogen bond interaction from different donors, the position and strength of the pnicogen bond interaction, as well as the rearrangement of electron density after the formation of pnicogen bond system.
文摘为探究双酶不同酶解路线制得大米蛋白肽的性质差异,研究采用胰蛋白酶(A)和碱性蛋白酶(B)按不同酶解路线对大米蛋白进行酶解,制备了5种大米蛋白肽(A^(1)B^(1)、A^(1)B^(2)、A^(2)B^(1)、A^(1*)B^(2)、A^(2)B^(1*)),对其水解度、基本成分、氨基酸组成、微观结构、二级结构、分子量分布、风味和体外抗氧化活性等进行分析。结果表明,A^(2)B^(1)组的蛋白含量最高达到90.69%,肽含量高达72.73%;各路线的水解度大于17.60%,水解较为完全;微观结构均由不规则块状变为球体状,A1B2组和A^(1*)B^(2)组球体壁较厚,A^(2)B^(1)组和A^(2)B^(1*)组球体壁较薄,A^(1)B^(1)组为球体碎片;各路线的必需氨基酸含量比大米蛋白低,A1B2组必需氨基酸含量最高;二级结构以多种构象并存,各路线二级结构均以β-转角为主,占二级结构的44.62%~47.18%;各路线酶解产物多为低分子量的多肽,分子量低于5 k Da的多肽占92.09%~93.71%;A1B2样品鲜味最强,涩味最弱,A^(2)B^(1)样品咸味和苦味最弱;相比于A^(1)B^(1)组、A1B2组和A^(1*)B^(2)组,A^(2)B^(1)组和A^(2)B^(1*)组的抗氧化活性更强。通过对双酶不同酶解路线大米蛋白肽的性质研究,综合基本成分、肽含量、氨基酸组成、风味和抗氧化活性评价,A^(2)B^(1)组的品质最佳。
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province under Grant Number 2021A1515011910by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program under Grant No.KQTD20190929172704911。
文摘As an emerging network paradigm,the software-defined network(SDN)finds extensive application in areas such as smart grids,the Internet of Things(IoT),and edge computing.The forwarding layer in software-defined networks is susceptible to eavesdropping attacks.Route hopping is amoving target defense(MTD)technology that is frequently employed to resist eavesdropping attacks.In the traditional route hopping technology,both request and reply packets use the same hopping path.If an eavesdropping attacker monitors the nodes along this path,the risk of 100%data leakage becomes substantial.In this paper,we present an effective route hopping approach,called two-day different path(TDP),that turns communication paths into untraceable moving targets.This technology minimizes the probability of data leakage by transmitting request data and reply data through different paths.Firstly,a brief introduction to the network model and attack model involved in this paper is given.Secondly,the algorithm and processingmethod of the TDP are proposed.Thirdly,the paper proposes three differentmetrics tomeasure the effectiveness of the proposed approach.Finally,theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the TDP can effectively reduce the percentage of data exposure,decrease eavesdropping attack success probability,and improve the unpredictability of the path.
