Different Features between English and Chinese Language and Translation Practice

The different nature of the two languages-English and Chinese which directly affects the factual Chinese-to-English translation, leads to their basic characteristics by sending messages and exchanging information in the two languages. Most domestic scholars generally revolve around research on the discussion of"xinghe"and"yihe"which is indeed important research theme. In this article, the author focuses on the five characteristics under the study atmosphere, guiding students especially nonEnglish majors to understand and grasp the differences between English and Chinese, and helping students acquire the basic language and culture for the translation competence development.

The Implications of Different Attributes in English and Chinese for Translation Teaching

Comparative study between English and Chinese attributes has been a research hotspot.The differences between English and Chinese attributes are elaborated by examples and translation strategies of English and Chinese attributes are discussed in this paper,from which the implications for translation teaching are stated at the same time.

A Study on the Different Levels of“Attention”in the Processing of English Subjunctive Mood by Chinese Learners

“Attention”is a very vital cognitive mechanism.Cognitive psychology considers“attention”as the focus of mental activity and consciousness on an object.People engage their senses and memory to actively process the object in front of them.Theories of second language acquisition suggest that a large amount of input is the basis for language acquisition.At the same time,what is actively noticed by the learner can be effectively internalized.Thus,“attention”is also a non-linguistic factor that plays a significant role in language acquisition.The subjunctive mood is a major challenge in the teaching of English grammar.Generally speaking,the verbs in a sentence are used to distinguish between subjunctive and declarative sentences.In this paper,experimental utterances were written based on previous research by using verbs that are easy to cause ambiguity and confusion,and then set up the reinforced and non-reinforced attention conditions with different levels of“attention”to investigate whether there are different results and effects on subjects’comprehension of sentences under different levels of“attention”conditions.Under the different levels of“attention”,the subjects were examined to see whether there were different results in comprehension of the sentences and the impact of the different levels of“attention”.It was found that subjects in the reinforced“attention”condition comprehended sentences better,answered questions faster,and answered questions more correctly than subjects in the non-reinforced condition.This study also shed some light on English second language grammar teaching.

Preliminary Analysis of Cultural Differences between Chinese and English in Oral English Teaching

Language is closely related to culture.A good language learner means not mastering the language itself,but also involves the cultivation of cultural competence which is an important element of communicative competence as well as the content of modern language education.This thesis attempts to work out corresponsive countermeasures in Oral English language teaching.

A Study of Animal Culture Implication between Chinese and English

Both Chinese and English are rich in the idioms in which the vehicle is an animal. But some of the animal vehicles and their associative meanings are different in English and Chinese idioms. Then what's the reason behind them? Is it because of the different characteristics of the nations? This paper will explore the inherent connections between characteristics of the nation and animal vehicles from three aspects: custom, historical background and geographical conditions.

A Contrastive Study of Chicken between Chinese and English from the Perspective of Metaphor

As a phenomenon of language, metaphor has profound cultural connotations. It is not merely a matter of language, but a mode of thought and an effective cognitive tool for human to perceive things. This paper focuses on HUMAN BEINGS ARE AMIMALS metaphor to elaborate, especially from the perspective of chicken.

An analysis on cultural connotations of color words between Chinese and English

Color can not only help us express our feelings,but also enrich the language.There is difference between the west culture and the east culture in how to express with color.Language can embody its culture.While translating and speaking the color words,we should pay attention its special meaning in culture.

Cross-cultural Contrastive Research Between Chinese and English Metaphors

On the basis of the previous studies about metaphor abroad and home, I tried to research the similarities, differences, and reasons between Chinese and English metaphors. The significance of this research is to help the people who would like to know the similarities, differences, and reasons between Chinese and English metaphors.

A Brief Discussion on the Cultural Differences Reflected in the Translation between Chinese and English in the Film Works

With the increasingly frequent economic and political exchanges and close ties between countries in the world, the cul-tural carriers represented by film works have become an important form of communication between countries. In this context, moreand more attention has been paid to the translation of film works, and practitioners in this field also want to bring more smooth anddeep viewing experience to other audiences. Starting from the difference between Chinese translation and English translation, thispaper explores the specific elements of cultural differences and the reasons for this phenomenon, hoping to contribute to a compre-hensive and in-depth exchange of world culture.

A Tentative Study of the Differences of Politeness Principle between Chinese and English Cultures

Intercultural communication is getting more important and cultures are emphasized，in which politeness plays a very important role. In both cultures of English and Chinese，politeness has the same social functions but common polite languages and principles are not always the same. These differences often become the source of failure in cross-cultural communication. Focusing on the studies of politeness principles，the paper presents the linguistic studies of politeness in English-speaking countries and China respectively. Three causes listed account for those differences.

The Comparison of Connotative Meaning in Animal Words between Chinese and English Expressions and Their Translation

A good translation involves the language as well as the culture.Providing many convincing examples,this thesis attemptsto describe and discuss the differences and similarities in animal words between Chinese and English expressions so as to exploretheir cultural connotations and interaction with translation.

The Comparative Study of The Pragmatic Failure between Chinese and English on the Basis of Politeness Principle

In this paper, on the basis of the pragmatic failure and the politeness principle, I mainly explored the pragmatic failure between Chinese and English on the basis of the five politeness principles.

The Differences between Chinese and English Vocabulary

Vocabulary is critical for students’language learning.This paper means to investigate the vocabulary challenges thatstudents with L1 Chinese may face in their study process and suggest some possible ways for teachers to help them.

Body Language between Chinese and English in Intercultural Communication

As the economy and culture developing and globalizing so quickly, people have more opportunities to communicate with others who come from different cultures than before. Human communication system includes two parts, one is language communication system and the other is nonverbal communication system. Some researches show that in human's daily communication, 93% information is transmitted by nonverbal communication, among which, 55% information is transmitted by facial, gesture and so on; 38% information is transmitted by tone. So nonverbal communication is the main part of body language. But body language and culture have an inseparable relationship, some body languages are similarly in different cultures, and some have their own unique culture connotation.

Different Cultural Connotations in Chinese and English Animal Words

This paper analyzes previous studies on animal words and points out some existing problems. It also reveals the similarities and differences between Chinese and English animal words based on the data and research as well as find out the reasons why animal words are different in cultural connotation.

Chinese Students’ Adaptation of Social Intercourse Influenced by Different Cultural Contexts of China and America in American Universities

1 Statement of the Purpose (1) Statement of the purpose The purpose of the research isto study Chinese studends' adaptation of social intercourse influenced by different cultural contexts of China and America in American universities.And the study will also try to find out the exact problems and obstacles during Chinese students' adapting period in American universities.

Effect of different therapies of Chinese medicine on the expressions of c-Fos and c-Jun proteins in hippocampus of rats with post-stroke depression

BACKGROUND ： c-fos and c-jun, the important immediate early genes （IEG）, are regarded as the markers for the location and function of neuronal activity, as well as the third signal messengers, they couple the stress stimulation and the gene expression in neuron, and hippocampus is involved in the process of signal transmission after stress stimulation induced depression. OBJECTIVE： To observe the therapeutic effects of Bushen Yiqi （tonifying kidney to benefit qi）, Huoxue Huayu （promoting blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis） and Ditan Kaiqiao （eliminating phlegm for resuscitation） on the expressions of c-Fos and c-Jun proteins in hippocampus and spontaneous behaviors of rats with post-stroke depression （PSD）, and compare the results with those of fluoxetine, which is known to have definite effect on depression. DESIGN： A randomized controlled tna SETTING ： Zhejiang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine MATERIALS ： The trial was completed in Zhejiang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January to July in 2003. Fifty-six healthy adult Wistar male rats of clean grade, weighing （250±50） g, were randomly divided into 7 groups with 8 rats in each group： control group, model group, forced swimming group, Bushen Yiqi group; Huoxue Huayu, Ditan Kaiqiao group and fluoxetine group. The Bushen Yiqi Tang contained Renshen, Huangqi, Heshouwu, Gouqi, Shudi, etc., crude drugs 1 800 g/L. The Huoxue Huayu Tang contained Danshen, Chuanxiong, Chishao, Yujin, etc., crude drugs 3 600 g/L. The Ditan Kaiqiao Tang contained Banxia, Danxing, Changpu, Yuanzhi, etc., crude drug 1 000 g/b METHODS： ① Except the control group and forced swimming group, rats in the other groups were made into PSD models by deligating the bilateral common carotid artedes permanently. ② Rats in the control group, model group and forced swimming group were intragastncally perfused by saline （3 mL for each time）; those in the Bushen Yiqi group, Huoxue Huayu, Ditan Kaiqiao group and fluoxetine group were intragastncally perfused with Bushen Yiqi Tang （18 g/kg）, Huoxue Huayu Tang （9 g/kg）, Ditan Kaiqiao Tang （9 g/kg） and fluoxetine （2.5 mg/kg） respectively, once a day. ③ At 55 days after model establishment, rats in the forced swimming group were managed according to the Porsolt＇s method. They were placed in water for 15 minutes, and then taken out and dned, no moving-time within 5 minutes was recorded at drying and 24 hours after drying. ④ Measurement of spontaneous behaviors： Except the forced swimming group, the spontaneous behaviors and activities （including horizontal and vertical movements） of rats were observed with the Open-Field method at 28, 42 and 56 days after administration in the other groups. ⑤ The expressions of c-Fos and coJun proteins in hippocampus were determined with the immunohistochemical method, the relative sectional area ratio and average objective gray value of c-Fos and c-Jun positive cells in hip- pocampus were measured with the computerized image analytical system. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The spontaneous behaviors of rats, the relative sectional area ratio and average objective gray value of c-Fos and c-Jun positive cells in hippocampus were observed. RESULTS： Of the 56 rats, 1 died in the forced swimming group, and finally 55 rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① Results of spontaneous activities： At 28 days, the times of crossing movements were obviously fewer in the model group and fluoxetine group [（69.00±37.01）, （98.11 ±36.68） times/3 minutes] than in the control group [（128.44±16.85） times/3 minutes, P 〈 0.01, 0.05], but those in the Bushen Yiqi group, Huoxue Quyu group and Ditan Kaiqiao group had no obvious differences as compared with those in the control group （P 〉 0.05）. At 42 and 56 days, the times of crossing movements were obviously more in the Bushen Yiqi group, Huoxue Quyu group and Ditan Kaiqiao group [（106.44±31.24）, （117.20±23.95）, （134.80±28.18）, （136.36±40.95） times/3 minutes; （117.33±35.91）, （129.60 ±23.78）, （131.90 ±26.81）, （136.09±28.34） times/3 minutes] than in the model group [（64.00±17.51）, （72.86±20.68） times/3 minutes, P 〈 0.01]. The times of rearing movements had no obvious differences among the groups for the three times （P 〉 0.05）. ② The no moving-time within 5 minutes 24 hours after drying was obviously longer than that at drying in the forced swimming group. ③ The average objective gray values of c-Fos positive cells were not obviously different in the Bushen Yiqi group and Ditan Kaiqiao group from the control group （P 〉 0.05）, but lower in the model group than in the control group （69.84±9.82, 75.78±5.89, P 〈 0.01）, and higher in the forced swimming group than in the control group （85.97±10.99, P 〈 0.01）; all higher in the fluoxetine group, Bushen Yiqi group, Huoxue Quyu group and Ditan Kaiqiao group than in the model group （81.27±10.73, 74.04±8.34, 83.29±9.89, 70.14±4.92, P 〈 0.05-0.01）. The average objective gray values of c-Jun positive cells were obviously lower in the Bushen Yiqi group than in the control group （68.11 ±6.89, 79.58±5.86, P 〈 0.01）, but all higher in the other groups than in the control group （84.68±7.15, 81.34 ±8.36, 97.51±10.55, 85.68±9.25, 86.19±10.98, P 〈 0.05-0.01）; Those were obviously higher in the fluoxetine group, Huoxue Quyu group and Ditan Kaiqiao group than in the model group （P 〈 0.05-0.01 ）, lower in the Bushen Yiqi group than in the model group （P 〈 0.05）, all obviously lower in the Bushen Yiqi group, Huoxue Quyu group and Ditan Kaiqiao group than in the fluoxetine group （P 〈 0.01）. The relative sectional area ratios of c-Fos and c-Jun positive cells had no obvious differences among the groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION ： The methods of Bushen Yiqi, Huoxue Quyu and Ditan Kaiqiao can effectively treat PSD in rats, and the results were equivalent with those of fluoxetine, the actions of the above-mentioned drugs may correlated with their regulation to c-Fos and c-Jun expressions in hippocampus. PSD animal models can be successfully established by both permanent deligation of bilateral common carotid arteries and forced swimming, and the models induced by the former has similar basic cerebrovascular lesions as human stroke in clinic.

Effect of Chitosan with Different Molecular Weights on Postharvest Quality of Chinese Chive Scapes

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chitosan with different molecular weights on quality and lignification of postharvest Chi- nese chive scapes （Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel）. [Method] Some physio- logical and biochemical indexes such as weight loss, decay index, opening rate of flowers, chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content, respiration rate, the activities of enzymes, lignin and cellulose content of Chinese chive scapes treated with three kinds of chitosan with different molecular weights were investigated during the room stor- age at 20 ℃ to simulate shelf life. [Result] The results showed that all the treat- ments of chitosan with different molecular weights significantly delayed weight loss, decay index and opening rate of flowers, maintained higher chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content, inhibited respiration rate, reduced the activities of enzymes phenylala- nine ammonia lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and peroxidase, and retarded lignin and cellulose accumulation during the storage of Chinese chive scapes. However, high molecular weight chitosan has better preservation effect on Chinese chive scapes. [Conclusion] The results suggest that the coating treatment of high molecu- lar weight chitosan may be a promising technique to maintain postharvest quality of Chinese chive scapes.

A Comparative Study on Different Translations of“Ren(仁)”in The Ana Analects of Confucius in Chinese and Western Cultures

The concept of"ren"(仁) in The Analects of Confucius is at the core of Confucianism and has acquired rich connotations and a dis-tinguished position. Enormous differences in cultural background between the East and the West, however, result in varied under-standings of"ren". In this paper, a detailed comparison between Ku Hung-ming's translation of The Analects of Confucius andthat of James Legge's is made to analyze the the impact of different cultural background on the understanding and translation of"ren"in the relevant contexts. It is concluded that cultural difference exerts a great influence on the English versions of The Ana-lects of Confucius.