X-ray Manifestations of Pneumoconiosis Patients and Differential Analysis with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the X-ray manifestations of pneumoconiosis patients and differentiation from pulmonary tuberculosis.[Methods]Retrospective analysis was conducted on 103 patients who underwent lung examinations,including 47 cases of pneumoconiosis and 56 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis.The differences in nodule characteristics and accompanying cavity sign between pneumoconiosis and pulmonary tuberculosis were compared.[Results]The X-ray manifestations of pneumoconiosis patients mainly included various forms of lung images,which were uneven in density,and had blurry edges,and sometimes thickening of lung markings and reduction of lung volume could be observed.The acinar nodules observed in X-ray films of patients with hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis appeared petal like.The uniformity of nodule appearance such as nodule distribution,nodule density,and nodule size was significantly lower in pneumoconiosis than in hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis,showing a statistical significance(P<0.05).The diameter of cavities in patients with pneumoconiosis accompanied by cavity sign[(0.64±0.13 vs 3.37±0.95)cm]was lower than that in patients with secondary pulmonary tuberculosis accompanied by cavity sign.There was a significant difference in the thickness of the cavity wall between the two diseases,and patients with pneumoconiosis accompanied by cavity sign had a higher rate of thick wall cavities(>3 mm).The X-ray manifestations of pneumoconiosis and tuberculosis were relatively similar,but the distribution,density and size of nodules in pneumoconiosis were relatively uneven,and the patients accompanied by cavity sign had smaller cavity diameter and higher rate of thick-walled cavities.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference for the clinical differential diagnosis of pneumoconiosis and pulmonary tuberculosis.

Screen for Coronary Artery Disease Specific Genetic Expression by Representational Differential Analysis

Objective To screen coronaryartery disease (CAD) specific expressions and clone their genes. Method Blood samples were collected from CAD and non - CAD patients at the end of coronary angiography. mRNA from samples was isolated and converted into cDNA. After ligated with specific linkers, the cDNA was amplified with complementary primers. PCR products from CAD samples were named as tester; the ones from non - CAD samples were named as driver. With different ratio of tester to driver (1 : 100,1: 1, 000, and 1: 10, 000), they were mixed, denatured, and renatured. Single strand cD-NA was eliminated by Mung bean nuclease. Double strand cDNA presented only in tester was amplified, ligated in vector pUC19 and pUC53, and transformed into E. coll DH5a. Strains with inserted cDNA fragments were picked up based on blue and white selection. Insertions were screened by endonuclease digestion and DNA sequencing. Results were compared with DNA sequences of GeneBank. Results: After the selection with representational differential analysis, CAD specific cDNA fragments with different sizes (about 1kb, 0. 75kb, and 0. 6kb) were cloned. Among them, two fragments from unknown genes were identified. One presented a 43. 3 % similarity with part of the rattus norvegicus lipocortin gene. Another presented a 45. 4 % similarity with part of the human polynucleotide kinase 3' - phosphatase gene. Conclusion There are at least two CAD specific - ex- pressions from unknown genes that were partially similar to lipocortin and polynucleotide kinase 3'- phos-phatase genes, respectively. Expression of these genes might affect the formation and progression of plaque within coronary artery.

Analysis of differentially expressed genes related to cerebral ischaemia in young rats based on the Gene Expression Omnibus database

BACKGROUND The incidence rate of cerebral infarction in young people is increasing day by day,the age of onset tends to be younger,and its internal pathogenesis and mechanism are very complicated,which leads to greater difficulties in treatment.Therefore,it is essential to analyze the key pathway that affects the onset of cerebral infarction in young people from the perspective of genetics.AIM To compare the differentially expressed genes in the brain tissue of young and aged rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion and to analyse their effect on the key signalling pathway involved in the development of cerebral ischaemia in young rats.METHODS The Gene Expression Omnibus 2R online analysis tool was used to analyse the differentially expressed genes in the GSE166162 dataset regarding the development of cerebral ischaemia in young and aged groups of rats.DAVID 6.8 software was further used to filter the differentially expressed genes.These genes were subjected to Gene Ontology(GO)function analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis to determine the key gene pathway that affects the occurrence of cerebral ischaemia in young rats.RESULTS Thirty-five differentially expressed genes(such as Igf2,Col1a2,and Sfrp1)were obtained;73 GO enrichment analysis pathways are mainly involved in biological processes such as drug response,amino acid stimulation response,blood vessel development,various signalling pathways,and enzyme regulation.They are involved in molecular functions such as drug binding,protein binding,dopamine binding,metal ion binding,and dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed a significantly enriched pathway:The cyclic adenosine monophosphate(c-AMP)signalling pathway.CONCLUSION The c-AMP signalling pathway might be the key pathway in the intervention of cerebral infarction in young people.

Prediction and differential analysis of RNA secondary structure

Background:RNA structure is the crucial basis for RNA function in various cellular processes.Over the last decade,high throughput structure profiling(SP)experiments have brought enormous insight into RNA secondary structure.Results:In this review,we first provide an overview of approaches for RNA secondary structure prediction,including free energy-based algorithms and comparative sequence analysis.Then we introduce SP technologies,databases to document SP data,and pipelines/algorithms to normalize and interpret SP data.Computational frameworks that incorporate SP data in RNA secondary structure prediction are also presented.Conclusions:We finally discuss potential directions for improvement in the prediction and differential analysis of RNA secondary structure.

Cloning,Identification and Differential Expression Analysis of Full-length cDNA of Carp Interleukin-1β

[Objective] The research aimed to carry out the cloning,identification and differential expression analysis of carp interleukin-1β （IL-1β） cDNA. [Method] By using DD-RTPCR method,the differential expression cDNA fragments were gained. The cDNA library of carp peripheral blood leucocytes which was stimulated by the mitogen was screened,and the full length cDNA of carp IL-1β was cloned. Moreover,the sequence analysis and differential expression analysis were carried out. [Result] The positive clone which had a whole ORF that encoded 276 amino acids was obtained. The cluster analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of carp IL-1β and Japanese carp closely gathered as a branch,and the homoeology of amino acid sequence reached 95%. The clustering order was the carassius,zebra fish,pig,cattle,horse,human and mouse in turn. The differential expression analysis showed that the expression of IL-1β in the leucocytes significantly increased in the prior period （4 h） after the mitogen stimulated. But as the time went by （12 and 24 h）,it didn＇t increase in the same period. The total trend of expression amount presented the peak type. [Conclusion] The research laid the foundation for further studying the expression manner,function characteristic,regulation mechanism of IL-1β in vivo and its action mechanisms in the inflammatory reaction,emergency reaction and immune response.

Solid fraction evolution characteristics of semi-solid A356 alloy and in-situ A356–TiB_2 composites investigated by differential thermal analysis

The key factor in semi-solid metal processing is the solid fraction at the forming temperature because it affects the microstructure and mechanical properties of the thixoformed components. Though an enormous amount of data exists on the solid fraction-temperature re- lationship in A356 alloy, information regarding the solid fraction evolution characteristics of A356-TiB2 composites is scarce. The present article establishes the temperature-solid fraction correlation in A356 alloy and A356-xTiB2 （x = 2.5wt% and 5wt%） composites using dif- ferential thermal analysis （DTA）. The DTA results indicate that the solidification characteristics of the composites exhibited a variation of 2℃ and 3℃ in liquidus temperatures and a variation of 3℃ and 5℃ in solidus temperatures with respect to the base alloy. Moreover, the eutectic growth temperature and the solid fraction（fs） vs. temperature characteristics of the composites were found to be higher than those of the base alloy. The investigation revealed that in-situ formed TiB2 particles in the molten metal introduced more nucleation sites and reduced undercooling.

An Effective Differential Fault Analysis on the Serpent Cryptosystem in the Internet of Things

Due to the strong attacking ability, fast speed, simple implementation and other characteristics, differential fault analysis has become an important method to evaluate the security of cryptosystem in the Internet of Things. As one of the AES finalists, the Serpent is a 128-bit Substitution-Permutation Network(SPN) cryptosystem. It has 32 rounds with the variable key length between 0 and 256 bits, which is flexible to provide security in the Internet of Things. On the basis of the byte-oriented model and the differential analysis, we propose an effective differential fault attack on the Serpent cryptosystem. Mathematical analysis and simulating experiment show that the attack could recover its secret key by introducing 48 faulty ciphertexts. The result in this study describes that the Serpent is vulnerable to differential fault analysis in detail. It will be beneficial to the analysis of the same type of other iterated cryptosystems.

DESIGN OF DIFFERENTIAL POWER ANALYSIS RESISTANT CRYPTO CHIP BASED ON TIME RANDOMIZATION

Differential Power Analysis (DPA) is an effective attack method to break the crypto chips and it has been considered to be a threat to security of information system. With analyzing the prin-ciple of resisting DPA,an available countermeasure based on randomization is proposed in this paper. Time delay is inserted in the operation process and random number is precharged to the circuit during the delay time,the normal schedule is disturbed and the power is randomized. Following this meth-odology,a general DPA resistance random precharge architecture is proposed and DES algorithm following this architecture is implemented. This countermeasure is testified to be efficient to resist DPA.

Cloning and Differential Expression Analysis of FaGF14-B and FaGF14-C Genes in Tall Fescue

[Objective] The differential expression analysis was performed for FaGF14- B and FaGF14-C genes in tall fescue so as to provide certain basis for follow-up functional analysis of genes. [Method] The sequence fragments of FaGF14-B and FaGF14-C obtained from reverse transcription were used as templates, and the full- length cDNA sequences of FaGF14-B and FaGF14-C were amplified using the 5＇ RACE use 3＇RACE techniques. They were named as FaGF14-B and FaGF14-C, and used for nucleic acid sequence analysis, encoded protein analysis, protein con- served domain analysis, phylogenetic analysis and differential expression analysis. [Result] The FaGF14-B gene has a full length of 1 548 bp. It has a complete open reading frame （ORF, 449-1 228 bp）, and encodes a protein composed of 261 amino acids. The FaGF14-C gene has a full length of 1 250 bp. It also has a complete open reading frame （ORF, 66-848 bp）, and encodes a protein composed of 261 amino acids. The GF14-B and GF14-C proteins all have a typical domain 14-3-3, and their secondary structures all contain 9 conserved co-helical structures and non-conserved N- and C- terminals. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the FaGF14-B and FaGF14-C from tall rescue have high similarities with GF14 protein from gramineous plants, and they are divided into the same clade with closer ge- netic relationship. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression of FaGF14-B and FaGF14-C genes is all sensitive to nitrogen stress. [Conclusion] This study will lay a theoretical basis for further screening of low nitrogen-tolerant genes and breeding of low nitrogen-tolerant grass germplasms.

An Improved Differential Fault Analysis on Block Cipher KLEIN-64

KLEIN-64 is a lightweight block cipher designed for resource-constrained environment,and it has advantages in software performance and hardware implementation.Recent investigation shows that KLEIN-64 is vulnerable to differential fault attack(DFA).In this paper,an improved DFA is performed to KLEIN-64.It is found that the differential propagation path and the distribution of the S-box can be fully utilized to distinguish the correct and wrong keys when a half-byte fault is injected in the 10th round.By analyzing the difference matrix before the last round of S-box,the location of fault injection can be limited to a small range.Thus,this improved analysis can greatly improve the attack efficiency.For the best case,the scale of brute-force attack is only 256.While for the worst case,the scale of brute-force attack is far less than 232 with another half byte fault injection,and the probability for this case is 1/64.Furthermore,the measures for KLEIN-64 in resisting the improved DFA are proposed.

Differential interformational velocity analysis as an effective direct hydrocarbon indicator under velocity reversal conditions,an example from the anomalously high temperature and over-pressured DF1-1 Gas Field in the Yinggehai Basin,South China Sea

In the DF1-1 Gas Field in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea, the velocity-depth plot and velocity spectra show significant variations from a linear trend, exhibiting a distinct reversal phenomenon. Velocity parameters derived from velocity spectral analysis of the seismic data and sonic logs indicate that the interval velocity reverses below 2,100 m (2.2 s two-way time (TWT)) in the DF1-1 Gas Field. Some direct hydrocarbon indicators (DHIs) models developed for the shallow strata cannot be simply applied to the moderately to deeply buried strata for direct exploration target recognition because the velocity reversal has caused the middle-deep gas reservoirs to exhibit a moderate or weak seismic amplitude. The hydrocarbon indicator method of “Differential Interformational Velocity Analysis (DIVA)” with the aid of other hydrocarbon indicating techniques was employed to effectively identify DHIs in the middle-deep strata under velocity inversion. The result has shown that the DIVA technique can be effectively used as a DHI in both the shallow and the middle-deep strata in the study area with the shallow strata characterized by Type I DIVA anomaly and the middle-deep strata characterized by the Type II DIVA anomaly.

Study on Differential Rate Kinetics Analysis Based on the Substitution Reaction of Rare Earth-PHA with CyDTA

The kinetic behaviours of the substitution reaction of rare earth-PHA with CyDTA were studied systemati- cally.The relationship between the rate constant and atomic number was discussed.The rate differentiation val- ue R_d(R_d=lgk_(z+n)-lgk_z)was proposed to evaluate the possibility of differential kinetic analysis.The R_d value between the neighbouring lanthanide ions first increases and then decreases along with increasing atomic number, so that the middle and heavy rare earth mixture(such as Sm-Gd and Gd-Y)are ideal systems for the differential rate kinetic analysis.

Identification and analysis of differentially expressed genes involved in dark-induced photoperiod response and senescence of soybean leaves by suppression subtractive hybridization

A cDNA subtractive library enriched for dark-induced up-regulated ESTs was constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH) from leaf tissues of soybean cultivar DongNong L13 treated with short-day(8-h light/16-h dark) and long-day(16-h light/8-h dark) conditions.A total of 148 clones were sequenced,representing 76 unique ESTs which corresponded to about 20% of 738 clones from the cDNA library and showed a significant up-regulation of at least three fold verified by dot blot hybridization.The putative functions of ESTs were predicted by Blastn and Blastx.The 43 differentially expressed genes identified by subtractions were classified according to their putative functions generated by Blast analysis.Genetic functional analysis indicated that putative proteins encoded by these genes were related to diverse functions during organism development,which include biological regulation pathways such as transcription,signal transduction and programmed cell death,protein,nucleic acid and carbohydrate macromolecule degradation,the cell wall modification,primary and secondary metabolism and stress response.Two soybean transcription factors enhanced in SD conditions,GAMYB-binding protein and DNA binding protein RAV cDNAs that may be involved in SD soybean photoperiod response,had been isolated using 5'-and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE)(Genbank Accession numbers DQ112540 and DQ147914).

Parameters analysis and application of the differential excitation detection technology

A differential excitation probe based on eddy current testing technology was designed. Sheet specimens of Q 235 steel with prefabricated micro-cracks of different widths and of aluminum with prefabricated micro-cracks of different depths were detected through the designed detection system. The characteristics of micro-cracks can be clearly showed after signals processing through the short-time Fourier transform（ STFT）. By changing the parameter and its value in detecting process,the factors including the excitation frequency and amplitude,the lift-off effect and the scanning direction were discussed,respectively. The results showed that the differential excitation probe was insensitive to dimension and surface state of the tested specimen,while it had a high degree of recognition for micro-crack detection. Therefore,when the differential excitation detection technology was used for inspecting micro-crack of turbine blade in aero-engine,and smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution was used for signal processing,micro-cracks of 0. 3 mm depth and 0. 1 mm width could be identified. The experimental results might be useful for further research on engineering test of turbine blades of aero-engine.

Insight into the capacity degradation and structural evolution of single-crystal Ni-rich cathodes

Single-crystal Ni-rich cathodes are a promising candidate for high-energy lithium-ion batteries due to their higher structural and cycling stability than polycrystalline materials.However,the phase evolution and capacity degradation of these single-crystal cathodes during continuous lithation/delithation cycling remains unclear.Understanding the mapping relationship between the macroscopic electrochemical properties and the material physicochemical properties is crucial.Here,we investigate the correlation between the physical-chemical characteristics,phase transition,and capacity decay using capacity differential curve feature identification and in-situ X-ray spectroscopic imaging.We systematically clarify the dominant mechanism of phase evolution in aging cycling.Appropriately high cut-off voltages can mitigate the slow kinetic and electrochemical properties of single-crystal cathodes.We also find that second-order differential capacity discharge characteristic curves can be used to identify the crystal structure disorder of Ni-rich cathodes.These findings constitute a step forward in elucidating the correlation between the electrochemical extrinsic properties and the physicochemical intrinsic properties and provide new perspectives for failure analysis of layered electrode materials.

Recension of boron nitride phase diagram based on high-pressure and high-temperature experiments

Cubic boron nitride and hexagonal boron nitride are the two predominant crystalline structures of boron nitride.They can interconvert under varying pressure and temperature conditions.However,this transformation requires overcoming significant potential barriers in dynamics,which poses great difficulty in determining the c-BN/h-BN phase boundary.This study used high-pressure in situ differential thermal measurements to ascertain the temperature of h-BN/c-BN conversion within the commonly used pressure range(3-6 GPa)for the industrial synthesis of c-BN to constrain the P-T phase boundary of h-BN/c-BN in the pressure-temperature range as much as possible.Based on the analysis of the experimental data,it is determined that the relationship between pressure and temperature conforms to the following equation:P=a+1/bT.Here,P denotes the pressure(GPa)and T is the temperature(K).The coefficients are a=-3.8±0.8 GPa and b=229.8±17.1 GPa/K.These findings call into question existing high-pressure and high-temperature phase diagrams of boron nitride,which seem to overstate the phase boundary temperature between c-BN and h-BN.The BN phase diagram obtained from this study can provide critical temperature and pressure condition guidance for the industrial synthesis of c-BN,thus optimizing synthesis efficiency and product performance.

The up-regulated differentially expressed genes in HL-60 cell line treated with nocodazole

Objective：Microtubule damaging agents such as nocodazole have been used in the clinical cancer chemotherapy. However, the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induction activity of these agents are still unclear. We previously demonstrated that nocodazole induced apoptosis in human leukemic HL-60 cells. In order to investigate the genes involved in this process, cDNA RDA was performed to identify upregulated genes in the apoptosis process induced by nocodazole. Methods ：Sixteen up-regulated genes were identified and confirmed to be differentially expressed, including ribosomal proteins, cytochrome b, Wilm＇s tumor related protein QM gene, alpha-tubulin isoform 1, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C enzymes, follicular lymphoma variant translocation 1, Ribophorin I , etc. Results：It was the first time for several genes reported to be related to apoptosis, including one functionally unkown gene, BING4. We also analyzed the expression of these genes in apoptosis induced by etoposide, and results showed 9 genes were also up-regulated, indicating they could be important genes involved in apoptosis. Conclusion：The study provides important clues to understand mechanism of apoptosis induced by nocodazole, and establishes foundation for further study.

Transcriptome analysis of adherens junction pathway-related genes after peripheral nerve injury

The neural regeneration process is driven by a wide range of molecules and pathways. Adherens junctions are critical cellular junctions for the integrity of peripheral nerves. However, few studies have systematically characterized the transcript changes in the adherens junction pathway following injury. In this study, a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury was established by forceps. Deep sequencing data were analyzed using comprehensive transcriptome analysis at 0, 1, 4, 7, and 14 days after injury. Results showed that most individual molecules in the adherens junctions were either upregulated or downregulated after nerve injury. The m RNA expression of ARPC1 B, ARPC3, TUBA8, TUBA1 C, CTNNA2, ACTN3, MET, HGF, NME1 and ARF6, which are involved in the adherens junction pathway and in remodeling of adherens junctions, was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Most of these genes were upregulated in the sciatic nerve stump following peripheral nerve injury, except for CTNNA2, which was downregulated. Our findings reveal the dynamic changes of key molecules in adherens junctions and in remodeling of adherens junctions. These key genes provide a reference for the selection of clinical therapeutic targets for peripheral nerve injury.

Thermo-analysis of Preparation Processfor Electron Trapping Materials

The heated process of raw materials for electron trapping materials (ETM) is investigated by thermo-analysis method. The temperature ranges of raw materials experienced some physical and chemical change processes, such as dehydration, organic solvent removal, crystal sulphur burning, oxidation of alkaline earth sulfides and solid phase reaction (rare earth doped) and so on, are obtained. The experimental results also show that the presence of trace oxygen in shielded gas is very harmful to prepare the ETM.The raw material thermo-analysis results provide very important experimental reference for optimizing the ETM preparation techniques.

DSC Analysis of LT-3 Aluminum Alloy Vacuum Brazing

LT-3 aluminum alloy is a kind of two-side cladding aluminum special used in vacuum brazing. Differential Scanning Calorimeter （DSC） was used to measure the exothermic and endothermic reaction during the brazing process that the cortex metal and the base metal are melted and re-crystal. The analysis results inidicate that eutectic reaction is the main reaction in the melted cortex metal crystallization process. But the main reaction in the melted base metal crystallization process is the reaction that α-A1 segregated out. According to the experimental details, the critical work of nucleation is 3.82×10-17J, the critical radius of nucleation is 8.69×10-10 m, the volume of critical crystal nucleus is 2.75×10-27 m3 and the per unit cell in critical crystal nucleus is 43.