BRAF V600E/TERT promoter mutations and NIS/TSHR expression in differentiated thyroid carcinomaand their clinical significance

Objective Telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT) promoter mutations have recently been described in thyroid carcinoma.The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of(v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1) BRAF V600 E and TERT promoter mutations in differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC).The relationship between the two mutations and NIS/TSHR expression was also analyzed.Methods We have detected BRAF V600 E and TERT promoter mutations by direct sequencing and NIS/TSHR expression by immunohistochemistry in 229 cases of DTC,52 cases of benign nodular goiter,and 31 cases of normal thyroid tissue.Results The BRAF V600 E mutation was detected in 142(62.0%) of 229 cases of DTC [141 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) and 1 case of follicular thyroid carcinoma(FTC)].TERT promoter mutations were detected in 18(7.9%) of 229 cases of DTC(14 cases of PTC and 4 cases of FTC),including the mutations C228T(0.9%) and C250T(7.0%),which were mutually exclusive.Moreover,11(61.1%) cases also harbored the BRAF V600 E mutation,which was not associated with gender,age,tumor size,lymph node metastasis,and recurrence risk stratification(P >0.05).The rate of TERT promoter mutation was higher in males,age ≥45,and in the middle/high-risk group(P <0.05),and the rate of simultaneous BRAF V600 E and TERT promoter mutations were higher in the middle/high-risk group(P <0.05).In addition,NIS positive rate in the concurrent BRAF V600 E and TERT promoter mutation group(45.5 %) was lower than in other groups(that is,the DTC group with BRAF V600 E or TERT promoter mutations(55.1%),the DTC group with no BRAF V600 E or TERT promoter mutation(57.5%),the nodules and normal group(75.9%);| r | = 0.171,P = 0.002).Conclusion TERT promoter mutations were lower in patients with DTC,with the C250 T mutation being the most common.The detection of BRAF V600 E mutation combined with TERT promoter mutations was instructive for the prognosis assessment and treatment of DTC.

Correlation between sodium-iodide symporter expression and circulating tumor cell positivity in differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Objective We investigated the correlation between the expression of the sodium-iodide symporter(NIS) and the detection of circulating tumor cells(CTCs) in differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC).Methods NIS expression in differentiated thyroid and the positive rate of CTCs in the peripheral blood were determined by immunohistochemistry S-P and flow cytometry from the records of 172 cases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma.Results Seventy-six cases(44.2%) expressed NIS in the differentiated thyroid and 63 cases(36.6%) were positive for CTCs in the peripheral blood. There was a significant difference between N0 and N1 in the expression of NIS(χ~2 = 6.015, P = 0.014) and the positive rate of CTCs(χ~2 = 14.035, P = 0.001). N0 and N1 also differed significantly in the expression of NIS(r =-0.383,-0.610, P = 0.002, < 0.001). The differences in the NIS expression, but not in the positive rate of CTCs, were significant among the different pathological subtypes(χ~2 = 7.897, P = 0.005; χ~2 = 1.455, P = 0.228, respectively). There was a significant negative correlation between the highly differentiated type and intermediate differentiation type both in the expression of NIS and positive rate of CTCs(r =-0.591,-0.443, P < 0.001, P = 0.002). Conclusion There was a significant negative correlation between the expression of tissue NIS and positive rate of CTCs in the peripheral blood in DTC. The malignancy level and lymph node metastasis in differentiated thyroid carcinoma were negatively correlated with NIS expression and positively correlated with the positive rate of CTC.

Short-term overt hypothyroidism affect on lipids after thyroxine-withdrawal in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of short-term overt hypothyroidism on lipids after thyroxine-withdrawal in patients with iatrogenically induced hypothyroidism before radioiodine treatment for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Methods: Thirty patients with a history of differentiated thyroid carcinoma on thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-suppressive thyroxine replacement therapy were studied. Blood sample were taken before and 4 weeks after withdrawal of thyroxine substitution. Venous blood was drawn after an overnight fast and analyzed for serum free T4 (FT4), free T3 (FT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB). Fifty healthy people matched for age and gender were controls. Their blood samples were taken only once. Results: After thyroxine-withdrawal, the patients presented with increased serum TSH and low serum FT4 and FT3 levels compared with controls. Serum TG, TC, LDL, HDL, ApoB and Lp(a) increased after thyroxine withdrawal, reaching statistical significant differences with previous evaluation. However, when compared to euthyroid controls, only TC, LDL and ApoB were increased when patients were hypothyroidism. No changes were observed in ApoA1 in patients during thyroxine withdrawal, or when comparing the values observed in patients to those of euthyroid controls. Conclusion: TG, TC, LDL, HDL, ApoB and Lp(a) were increased during short-term overt hypothyroidism.

Expression and significance of ER and PR in differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between expressions of estrogen receptor （ER）, progesterone receptor （PR） and gender, age, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, capsular invasion and histological type of differentiated thyroid carcinoma （DTC）. Methods： Seventy cases of DTC who received surgery in our hospital （No. 401 Hospital of People＇s Liberation Army, Qingdao, China） between January 2008 and December 2011 were selected. Among them, 61 cases were papillary carcinoma and 9 cases were follicular carcinoma. Twenty cases were normal thyroid tissue adjacent to the tumor which was used as control. Immunohistochemical SP method was employed to detect the expression of ER and PR. Results： The positive rates of ER and PR in tumor tissues of DTC patients were 21.4% （15/70） and 31.4% （22/70）, respectively, and no expression of ER or PR were founded in normal thyroid tissue （P 〈 0.01）. The expressions of ER and PR were related to the lymph node metastasis and capsular invasion （X2 = 16.913 and 6.327, P 〈 0.05; x2 = 7.516 and 12.727, P 〈 0.05）. No relationship was observed between the expressions of EPJPR and gender, age, and histological type （P 〉 0.05） of DTC patients. Conclusion： The expression levels of ER and PR in the tumor tissue of DTC patients were higher than those in the normal thyroid tissue nearby the tumor. Therefore, ER and PR expression might be clinical markers for DTC and its prognosis.

Correlation between Central and Lateral Neck Dissection in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

Objective: To determine the histopathological correlation between central and lateral neck metastasis in differentiated thyroid carcinoma, and its potential therapeutic impact. Although the central neck dissection (CND) is recommended in differentiated thyroid carcinoma, the indication for lateral neck dissection (LND) remains controversial. Design: Retrospective study. Methods and Main Outcome Measures: Pathological analysis of systematic ipsilateral central neck dissection (CND) and LND performed with total thyroidectomy in differentiated thyroid carcinoma was retrospectively reviewed according to “side” and to “patient”. Results: A total of 56 sides (46 patients) were suitable for analysis. Analysis by “side” revealed that CND and LND dissection samples were both negative in 15 cases, both positive in 32, CND was positive and LND was negative for 8 cases and CND was negative and LND was positive in 1 case. The combined presence of positive LND and positive CND was therefore observed in 32/40 “sides” and 26/46 “patients”. Analysis by “side” of the impact of the treatment decision to perform ipsilateral LND only in patients with positive CND and vice versa demonstrated a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 97%, 65%, and 84%, respectively. Conclusions: In most cases, the presence of positive LND was associated with positive ipsilateral CND. The very low prevalence of positive LND in patients with negative CND may justify LND as a second step procedure only in patients with positive CND, except in the case of documented lateral neck metastasis.

Scabrous patrinia root inhibits circulating tumor cells in differentiated thyroid carcinoma–a clinical observation

Objective To observe the clinical inhibition of circulating tumor cells(CTCs) in differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC) by the extract of scabrous patrinia root(Huikangling).Methods Eighty-seven DTC patients tested positive for CTCs were randomly divided into two groups; all patients were treated with oral levothyroxine sodium in accordance with the DTC endocrine inhibition treatment criteria. Patients(n = 45) in the treatment group were provided the standard endocrine therapy along with oral Huikangling(0.4 g/tablet, 0.4 g × 3/time, 3 times/day, 12 weeks). Patients(n = 42) in the control group were only provided the standard therapy. After 4 and 12 weeks, CTCs in the blood were detected by flow cytometry.Results After 4 weeks of oral Huikangling treatment, CTCs were detected in 18(40%) and 29(69%) patients in the treatment and control groups, respectively; the difference was statistically significant(χ2 = 8.49, P < 0.05). After 12 weeks, CTCs were detected in 7(15.6%) and 17(44.7%) patients in the treatment and control groups, respectively; the difference was statistically significant(χ2 = 5.68, P < 0.05). Follow-up evaluation revealed two patients with lung metastasis and one patient with bone metastasis in the control group; one patient showed lateral neck lymph node metastasis without local recurrence in the treatment group.Conclusion Huikangling treatment reduces the number of CTC-positive DTC cases; however, further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

The launch of a special issue on “Neck Dissection in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma” in Gland Surgery

Given the high incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis in differentiated thyroid cancer （DTC） and the rapidly increased importance of neck dissection in DTC, the journal of Gland Surgery is launching a special issue on ＂Neck Dissection in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma＂ in November Issue of 2013, inviting Dr. Xinying Li from Xiangya Hospital, China, as the guest editor.

^(131)I-chTNT-mediated radioimmunotherapy for non-uptaking ^(131)I pulmonary metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma

In this paper,the safety and efficacy of 131I-labeled mouse/human chimeric monoclonal antibody(131I-chTNT)-mediated radioimmunotherapy are evaluated because the patients have non-uptaking 131I pulmonary metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC).The 16 patients were injected intravenously by 29.6±3.7MBq·kg–1 using 131I-chTNT.The chest computer tomography was performed before treatment,as well as 28 and 70days after treatment.Responses and safety were assessed during the treatment.The results show that the 131I-chTNT infusion was well tolerated with the 12.5%complete response,18.8%partial response,25.0%progressive disease,and the 43.8%stable disease,indicating that most treatment-related adverse effects are mild transient and reversible.The131I-chTNT is promising for patients with non-uptaking the 131I pulmonary metastases from DTC.

两种不同剂量碘-131对非远处转移性高危分化型甲状腺癌全切术后患者DTC的应用效果

目的探讨两种不同剂量碘-131对非远处转移性高危分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)全切术后患者的应用效果。方法回顾性分析86例非远处转移性高危DTC患者的临床资料,所有患者均行DTC全切术,并按照碘-131治疗剂量的不同分成低剂量组(100~150 mCi)和高剂量组(150~200 mCi),前者为45例,后者为41例,治疗3个月,随访1年。比较两组相关临床治疗指标(清甲成功率、无病生存率、住院隔离时间)、甲状腺癌特异性生命质量量表(THYCA-QoL)和不良反应发生情况的差异。结果治疗及随访结束后,两组的清甲成功率无明显差异(P<0.05),低剂量组的无病生存率(95.56%)高于高剂量组(80.49%),且住院隔离时间短于高剂量组(P<0.05);两组生理功能和活动、心理功能、症状或对生活影响评分均高于同组治疗前,且低剂量组THYCA-QoL评分均高于高剂量组(P<0.05);低剂量组不良反应发生率(8.89%)低于高剂量组(29.27%)(P<0.05)。结论低剂量和高剂量碘-131对于非远处转移性高危DTC全切术后患者的治疗效果相当,但前者更有利于缩短住院隔离时间,提高无病生存率,减少不良反应的发生,进而提高生存质量。

Role of prophylactic central neck lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma in the era of de-escalation

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy.While there has been no appreciable increase in the observed mortality of well-differentiated thyroid cancer,there has been an overall rise in its incidence worldwide over the last few decades.Patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)and clinical evidence of central(cN1)and/or lateral lymph node metastases require total thyroidectomy plus central and/or lateral neck dissection as the initial surgical treatment.Nodal status in PTC patients plays a crucial role in the prognostic evaluation of the recurrence risk.The 2015 guidelines of the American Thyroid Association(ATA)have more accurately determined the indications for therapeutic central and lateral lymph node dissection.However,prophylactic central neck lymph node dissection(pCND)in negative lymph node(cN0)PTC patients is controversial,as the 2009 ATA guidelines recommended that CND“should be considered”routinely in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for PTC.Although the current guidelines show clear indications for therapeutic CND,the role of pCND in cN0 patients with PTC is still debated.In small solitary papillary carcinoma(T1,T2),pCND is not recommended unless there are high-risk prediction factors for recurrence and diffuse nodal spread(extrathyroid extension,mutation in the BRAF gene).pCND can be considered in cN0 disease with advanced primary tumors(T3 or T4)or clinical lateral neck disease(cN1b)or for staging and treatment planning purposes.The role of the preoperative evaluation is fundamental to minimizing the possible detrimental effect of overtreatment of the types of patients who are associated with low disease-related morbidity and mortality.On the other hand,it determines the choice of appropriate treatment and determines if close monitoring of patients at a higher risk is needed.Thus,pCND is currently recommended for T3 and T4 tumors but not for T1 and T2 tumors without high-risk prediction factors of recurrence.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma with nodular fasciitis-like stroma-an unusual variant with distinctive histopathology:A case report

BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)is regarded as a fairly common endocrine malignancy,which can be divided into different multiple variants due to wide morphologic differences.The majority of PTC variants have been reported,but PTC with nodular fasciitis-like stroma(NFS)is a rare pathological variant and has been infrequently reported in the relevant literature.This condition involves abundant reactive stromal components rich in spindle cells,which may account for 60%-80%of the tumor along with a typical papillary carcinoma.CASE SUMMARY A 44-year-old man presented with a 4-mo history of a palpable mass over the anterior aspect of the left neck,the tumor demonstrated gradual enlargement but was painless during the 4 mo prior to discovery.Thyroid function test results were normal.Physical examination showed an enormous and firm nodular mass in the left lobe of the thyroid gland extending to the level of the hyoid bone.Ultrasonography of the neck revealed a well-defined heterogeneous lesion measuring around 5.0 cm×4.0 cm with a hypoechoic complex nodule,decreased vascularity and speckles of microcalcification.The patient underwent left thyroidectomy with central compartment lymph node dissection.Final histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of PTC with extensive fibromatosis-like stroma combined with typical PTC.The patient was asymptomatic at the 3-mo follow-up.CONCLUSION PTC-NFS is a rare pathological variant and its diagnosis and prognosis may be similar to typical papillary carcinoma.

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Pregnancy: What Impact on Prognosis?

Introduction: The impact of pregnancy on the prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has been debated for several decades;however, no definitive conclusions have been reached. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the short-term influence of pregnancy on the evolution and prognosis of PTC. Materials and Methods: A prospective descriptive and analytical study was conducted in the Endocrinology and Diabetology Department at the Hassan II University Hospital in Fez, including patients followed for papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting with a pregnancy during the year 2019 and 2020. The follow-up of these patients was continued until 1 year postpartum. We studied the clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic factors that could influence the prognosis of the disease. Results: We included 26 patients. Our study showed a significant correlation between recurrence and the presence of unfavorable histological signs (p = 0.02) as well as the initial Tg level (0.01). However, pregnancy was not an influencing factor (p = 0.41). Conclusion: Pregnancy does not seem to be a factor aggravating the prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancers.

Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Preoperative Thyroglobulin Antibodies in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients

Thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) has been used as a surrogate tumor marker of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients. Preoperative TgAb (PreopTgAb) is thought to affect the prevalence, disease severity, and outcome of DTC. The objective of the present study was to retrospectively analyze the prevalence of PreopTgAb in patients diagnosed with DTC and its relation to thyroid cancer characteristics, staging, and disease outcome. A retrospective analysis of 109 DTC patients with reports of PreopTgAb was carried out. Clinicopathological parameters, including patient demographics (age and gender), TNM staging, histopathologic characteristics (type of pathology, vascular invasion, extrathyroid extension, carcinoma variant, multifocality), treatment (surgery, radioactive iodine), and outcome were recorded. The association of PreopTgAb was compared with the study variables and outcome of the disease using the Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney tests. The prevalence of PreopTgAb was 59.6%. Among the 54 PreopTgAb positive patients, 34 patients had an excellent response and 15 patients had an indeterminate response, while biochemically and structurally incomplete response was observed in 3 and 2 patients, respectively. PreopTgAb was not significantly associated with age (p = 0.919), sex (p = 0.650), pathology (p = 0.079), stage at diagnosis (p = 0.513), vascular invasion (p = 0.211), extra thyroid extension (p = 0.734), histologic variant (p = 0.877), multifocality (p = 0.361), and outcome (p = 0.360). Although we did not find a significant association between positive PreopTgAb and clinical characteristics and outcome of DTC, it can still be considered as a surrogate marker of DTC during follow-up.

EFFECTS OF LEVOTHYROXINE ON BONE METABOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCER AFTER OPERATION AND ^(131)I ABLATION

Objective To investigate the effects of substitutive and suppressive doses of levothyroxine on bone metabolism in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma after surgery and 131I ablation. Methods The patients, who had received levothyroxine(L-T4) for at least 3 years for treating their differentiated thyroid carcinoma after surgery and 131I therapy, were classified into substitutive group and suppressive group according to the levels of serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). We compared the levels of FT3, FT4, TSH, serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum calcium (Ca), serum phosphate (P), serum alkaline phosphates (ALP) and Bone mineral density (BMD) to those of healthy volunteers well matched for sex, age, menopausal status, and body mass index (BMI). Results No significant differences were found in the bone density and biochemical parameters of bone metabolism of the subjects treated with substitutive or suppressive doses of L-T4 compared with the control subgroup. No significant differences were observed among the subgroups according to accumulative doses of 131I. No bone fracture was found in all the patients. Conclusion The substitutive and suppressive doses of L-T4 are safe and necessary for patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma after surgery and 131I therapy. Such treatment for 3 years is not associated with increased risk of osteoporosis. Much longer term of follow up is still needed in patients receiving substitutive and suppressive doses of L-T4.

我国新旧版《甲状腺结节和分化型甲状腺癌诊治指南》——外科视角的比较

我国2023年发布的《甲状腺结节和分化型甲状腺癌诊治指南》(第二版)是在第一版(2012年版)的基础上由7个国家级学会、近百位内分泌科、甲状腺外科、肿瘤科、核医学科、超声医学科和病理科专家历时一年联合修订。新版《指南》仍分为甲状腺结节和分化型甲状腺癌两大部分,采用提出临床问题、进行解释、给出推荐意见的撰写模式,共给出了117条推荐意见。本文从外科视角比较新版和旧版《指南》中甲状腺结节的良恶性鉴别、分化型甲状腺癌的手术治疗等重点内容差异,并浅谈一些理解和体会。

^(131)I+TSH抑制治疗对分化型甲状腺癌术后患者甲状腺功能、免疫功能及复发转移的影响

目的研究分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)术后采用^(131)I+促甲状腺激素(TSH)抑制治疗的临床疗效及对患者甲状腺功能、免疫功能及复发转移的影响。方法回顾性选取2018年1月至2019年12月于该院就诊并接受治疗的97例DTC患者为研究对象,根据术后治疗方案不同分为对照组57例(采用TSH抑制治疗)和观察组40例(在对照组基础上联合^(131)I治疗)。观察两组清除残余甲状腺组织(清甲)的效果,以及甲状腺功能指标[游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)及甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)]、甲状腺抗体指标[促甲状腺素受体抗体(TRAb)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)、抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)]水平和免疫功能指标(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞细胞亚群比例)变化。随访统计两组术后1、3年复发和转移情况。结果观察组完全清除率为72.5%,明显高于对照组的52.6%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组FT3、FT4水平明显升高(P<0.05),TSH和Tg水平明显降低(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组FT3、FT4、TSH水平与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Tg水平显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组TRAb、TgAb、TPOAb水平及CD8^(+)比例较治疗前明显降低,CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)比例较治疗前明显升高,且观察组水平优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后1、3年复发率分别为0、7.5%,转移率分别为2.5%、10.0%;对照组术后1、3年复发率分别为14.4%、22.8%,转移率分别为15.8%、28.1%,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论^(131)I+TSH抑制治疗能够提高清甲效果,降低TSH、Tg水平,维持甲状腺功能及改善患者免疫功能,抑制肿瘤复发、转移,提高患者预后。

5例甲状腺嗜酸细胞癌患者的临床病理分析

目的:探讨甲状腺嗜酸细胞癌(thyroid oncocytic cell carcinoma,OCA)的临床病理学特征、诊断、鉴别诊断及预后。方法:收集5例OCA患者的临床病理资料,分析总结其病理形态学特征及其预后关系,并复习相关文献。结果:5例患者中3例为女性,2例为男性,年龄42~70岁,平均年龄53.4岁。肿瘤最大径2~7.5 cm,平均4.9 cm。镜下肿瘤均可见纤维性包膜,3例显示血管侵犯(其中2例同时存在包膜侵犯),其余2例仅见包膜侵犯,肿瘤细胞胞浆丰富、嗜酸性、颗粒状,可见核仁,未见甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)的核特征,核分裂象罕见,未见肿瘤性坏死。5例患者随访时间9~41个月,均无复发及转移。结论:甲状腺OCA是一种侵袭性肿瘤,发病率低,转移风险较高,预后较差,具有其独特的病理形态学特点及分子改变,需与其他伴有嗜酸性变的甲状腺肿瘤相鉴别。

SMAD3和CD44在甲状腺乳头状癌组织中的表达水平与临床病理特征及预后的关系

目的探讨信号转导分子3(SMAD3)和白细胞分化抗原44(CD44)在甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)组织中的表达水平与临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法选取2019年6月-2020年6月收治的PTC患者88例为研究对象,同期取距离癌组织3 cm以上癌旁组织作为对照,实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测SMAD3和CD44的mRNA表达水平;免疫组化法检测SMAD3和CD44的阳性表达情况。Spearman相关性分析PTC患者癌组织中SMAD3和CD44的mRNA表达水平的关系。SMAD3和CD44与PTC患者预后的关系采用Kaplan-Meier法进行分析。COX回归分析影响PTC患者预后的危险因素。结果与癌旁组织相比,PTC组SMAD3的表达水平显著降低(t=8.484,P<0.05),CD44表达水平显著升高(t=11.232,P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,PTC患者癌组织中SMAD3和CD44的mRNA表达水平呈负相关(r s=-0.519,P<0.05)。与癌旁组织相比,PTC组SMAD3阳性表达率显著降低(χ^(2)=41.905,P<0.05),CD44阳性表达率显著升高(χ^(2)=62.888,P<0.05)。SMAD3表达与TNM分期(χ^(2)=7.678,P=0.006)、淋巴结转移(χ^(2)=20.398,P<0.05)、侵犯包膜(χ^(2)=9.881,P=0.002)有关。CD44表达与TNM分期(χ^(2)=3.959,P=0.047)、淋巴结转移(χ^(2)=20.702,P<0.05)、侵犯包膜(χ^(2)=10.363,P=0.001)有关。术后随访3年发现,SMAD3阳性表达PTC患者生存率高于阴性表达患者生存率(χ^(2)=4.644,P=0.031)。CD44阳性表达PTC患者生存率显著低于阴性表达患者生存率(χ^(2)=5.331,P=0.021)。多因素COX回归分析显示,淋巴结转移、SMAD3和CD44表达是影响PTC患者预后的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论PTC组织中SMAD3呈异常低表达,CD44呈高表达,其水平与PTC患者临床病理特征及预后有关。

131I治疗分化型甲状腺癌风险沟通的研究进展

从131I治疗分化型甲状腺癌风险沟通的相关概述、必要性以及国内外发展现状方面进行总结分析,以期为我国医护人员进一步开展风险沟通的研究与实践提供参考。

血清E2、25(OH)D3及尿碘水平对分化型甲状腺癌的预测价值

目的分析血清雌二醇(E2)、25-羟基维生素D3[25(OH)D3]及尿碘水平对分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)的预测价值。方法选取2021年9月至2022年9月雅安市人民医院收治的并经病理组织学确诊的190例DTC患者作为恶性组,并选取本院同期收治的125例甲状腺良性病变患者作为良性组,另选取甲状腺形态正常的健康体检者100名作为健康对照组,比较三组血清E2、25(OH)D3及尿碘水平,并比较不同临床特征的DTC患者血清E2、25(OH)D3及尿碘水平,采用ROC曲线分析血清E2、25(OH)D3及尿碘水平对DTC的预测价值。结果血清E2、尿碘水平:恶性组>良性组>健康对照组,25(OH)D3水平:恶性组<良性组<健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清E2、尿碘水平:肿瘤低分化程度患者>肿瘤中分化程度患者>肿瘤高分化程度患者;尿碘水平:T3-T4浸润深度患者>T1-T2浸润深度患者,淋巴结转移患者>无淋巴结转移患者;血清25(OH)D3水平:肿瘤低分化程度患者<肿瘤中分化程度患者<肿瘤高分化程度患者,T3-T4浸润深度患者<T1-T2浸润深度患者,淋巴结转移患者<无淋巴结转移患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,血清E2、25(OH)D3及尿碘水平联合预测DTC的敏感度、特异度、AUC为94.74%、92.80%、0.978,高于三指标单独检测(P<0.05)。结论血清E2、25(OH)D3及尿碘水平与DTC发生及病情进展有关,且三者联合对DTC的预测价值更高。