R2^(*) value derived from multi-echo Dixon technique can aid discrimination between benign and malignant focal liver lesions

BACKGROUND R2^(*)estimation reflects the paramagnetism of the tumor tissue,which may be used to differentiate between benign and malignant liver lesions when contrast agents are contraindicated.AIM To investigate whether R2^(*)derived from multi-echo Dixon imaging can aid differentiating benign from malignant focal liver lesions(FLLs)and the impact of 2D region of interest(2D-ROI)and volume of interest(VOI)on the outcomes.METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 73 patients with 108 benign or malignant FLLs.All patients underwent conventional abdominal magnetic resonance imaging and multi-echo Dixon imaging.Two radiologists independently measured the mean R2^(*)values of lesions using 2D-ROI and VOI approaches.The Bland-Altman plot was used to determine the interobserver agreement between R2^(*)measurements.Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)was used to determine the reliability between the two readers.Mean R2^(*)values were compared between benign and malignant FFLs using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the diagnostic performance of R2^(*)in differentiation between benign and malignant FFLs.We compared the diagnostic performance of R2^(*)measured by 2D-ROI and VOI approaches.RESULTS This study included 30 benign and 78 malignant FLLs.The interobserver reproducibility of R2^(*)measurements was excellent for the 2D-ROI(ICC=0.994)and VOI(ICC=0.998)methods.Bland-Altman analysis also demonstrated excellent agreement.Mean R2^(*)was significantly higher for malignant than benign FFLs as measured by 2D-ROI(P<0.001)and VOI(P<0.001).The area under the curve(AUC)of R2^(*)measured by 2D-ROI was 0.884 at a cut-off of 25.2/s,with a sensitivity of 84.6%and specificity of 80.0%for differentiating benign from malignant FFLs.R2^(*)measured by VOI yielded an AUC of 0.875 at a cut-off of 26.7/s in distinguishing benign from malignant FFLs,with a sensitivity of 85.9%and specificity of 76.7%.The AUCs of R2^(*)were not significantly different between the 2D-ROI and VOI methods.CONCLUSION R2^(*)derived from multi-echo Dixon imaging whether by 2D-ROI or VOI can aid in differentiation between benign and malignant FLLs.

Differentiation of malignant and benign lesions of the osseous spinal axis with three dimensional computed tomography image appearences: dirty interface sign

Purpose: We aimed to make a fast and accurate distinction of malignant and benign lesions in cases with predominantly solitary or multifocal involvement using latest technology software and hardware systems in computed tomography. Materials and Methods: 53 cases were included in the study. Primary (n = 42, 31 benign, 11 malignant) or metastatic (n = 11) tumors were detected at various locations in the bone structure of the cervical to coccygeal vertebrae in all cases. 3D CT images taken using the same system and biopsy or post-operative histopathology findings were available for all cases. Thin section images taken retrospectively from the archives were converted to 3D images using the same program and parameters, which were then recorded in the same window settings by two radiologists. Only 3D images were then analyzed to investigate the presence or absence of the dirty interface sign. Results: Dirty interface sign was present in 17 malignant lesions and absent in the remaining 5 lesions. As for benign lesions, the sign was present in only two lesions and the remaining 29 were negative for the sign. There was a high level of consistency between the two radiologists. In conclusion, malignant and benign lesions affecting the bone spinal axis were distinguished based on the presence or absence of the dirty interface sign with 77.3% sensitivity, 93.5% specificity and 86.8% accuracy. Conclusion: When evaluated with standard bone window views, 3D views can be used successfully for the distinction of malignant and benign bone tumors. At least, 3D views generated using low dose regimes in highly developed systems can be used with similar purpose to that of diffusion weighted MRI sequences that give roughly outlined but fast and accurate information about the lesion.

Histochemical Patterns of Collagenic Fibers in the Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. An increased incidence of different types of breast cancer has been reported. This study was designed to evaluate the different types of breast cancer and its possible risk of neoplasmic transformation to an advanced malignant stage from a benign tumor. The histochemical patterns of collagen fibers in the benign and malignant breast lesions were evaluated. From the 50 tissue samples, 25 were malignant breast lesions and 25 were benign breast tumor. Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE), Van Gieson staining were performed to detect a benign and malignant tumor as well as collagen fibers. We found that significant cases after age of 35 were associated with ductal carcinoma while most of the cases within the age of 25 years were associated with fibrocystic changes. The intensity of collagen fiber was higher to Ductal Carcinoma while negative and less intense for Fibroblastic changes. Furthermore, a consistent association of other lesions, such as Lobular Carcinoma, Fibroadenoma, Papilloma and Fat necrosis and noticeable staining for collagen was observed for the different lesion. Our study suggested that women with age of 25 with benign lesion of fibrocystic change and ductal carcinoma are highly susceptible to develop advanced malignant tumor with age. Therefore, quantitative measurement of collagen fiber and regular follow-up are recommended to avoid the possible risk of developing advanced malignant lesions.

Evaluation of Diagnostic Value of Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Malignant and Benign Breast Lesions

Objectives:To investigate diagnostic value of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)for malignant and benign breast lesions.Methods:Retrospective analysis of treatment data of 48 patients diagnosed with malignant and benign breast lesions in our hospital,collected from December 2017 to November 2018.A total number of 56 breast masses were examined by both ultrasound and MRI,and were compared with postoperative pathological biopsy results.Results:Postoperative pathological biopsy results showed that there were 26 and 30 malignant and benign lesions respectively.Comparison of MRI curve type of malignant and benign lesions showed statistical significance(P<0.05).By comparison with pathological biopsy results,specificity and sensitivity of ultrasound diagnosis were 83.33%(25/30)and 84.61%(22/26)respectively;specificity and sensitivity of MRI diagnosis were 96.66%(29/30)and 92.30%(24/26)respectively.Conclusions:Ultrasonographic examination of malignant and benign breast lesions is straight-forward,simple and inexpensive.Accuracy,specificity and sensitivity of MRI are significantly higher than ultrasound in examining malignant and benign breast lesions,this can reduce misdiagnosis.

Can Emax and platelet count truly differentiate between benign and malignant liver lesions?

This letter critically evaluates Jiang et al's article on the differentiation of benign and malignant liver lesions using Emax and platelet count.Despite notable findings,significant methodological and interpretative limitations are identified.The study lacks detailed assay conditions for Emax measurement,employs inadequate statistical methods without robust multivariate analysis,and does not provide clinically relevant threshold values.The nomogram's reliance on Emax as a major diagnostic contributor is questionable due to attenuation in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with cirrhosis.Moreover,the study's limitations,such as selection bias and confounding factors,are not adequately addressed.Future research should adopt more rigorous methodologies,including prospective studies with larger cohorts and standardized protocols for biomarker measurement,to enhance validity and clinical applicability.

Excision of malignant and pre-malignant rectal lesions by transanal endoscopic microsurgery in patients under 50 years of age

BACKGROUND The most common technique for treating benign and early malignant rectal lesions is transanal endoscopic microsurgery(TEM).Local excision is an acceptable technique for high-risk and elderly patients,but there are hardly any data regarding young patients.AIM To describe TEM outcomes in patients under 50 years of age.METHODS We collected demographic,clinical,and pathological data from all patients under the age of 50 years who underwent the TEM procedure at Hasharon Rabin Medical Center from January 2005 to December 2018.RESULTS During the study period,a total of 26 patients under the age of 50 years underwent TEM procedures.Their mean age was 43.3 years.Eleven(42.0%)were male.The mean operative time was 67 min,and the mean tumor size was 2.39 cm,with a mean anal verge distance of 8.50 cm.No major intraoperative or postoperative complications were recorded.The median length of stay was 2 d.Seven(26.9%)lesions were adenomas with low-grade dysplasia,four(15.4%)were high-grade dysplasia adenomas,two were T1 carcinomas(7.8%),and three were T2 carcinomas(11.5%).No residual disease was found following endoscopic polypectomy in two patients(7.8%),but four(15.4%)had other pathologies.Surgical margins were negative in all cases.Local recurrence was detected in one patient 33 mo following surgery.CONCLUSION Among young adult patients,TEM for benign rectal lesions has excellent outcomes.It may also offer a balance between the efficacy of complete oncologic resection and postoperative quality of life in the treatment of rectal cancer.In some cases,it may be considered an alternative to radical surgery.

Combination of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging, serological indexes and contrast-enhanced ultrasound for diagnosis of liver lesions

AIM To assess the value of combined acoustic radiation force impulse(ARFI) imaging, serological indexes and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in distinguishing between benign and malignant liver lesions. METHODS Patients with liver lesions treated at our hospital were included in this study. The lesions were divided into either a malignant tumor group or a benign tumor group according to pathological or radiological findings. ARFI quantitative detection, serological testing and CEUS quantitative detection were performed and compared. A comparative analysis of the measured indexes was performed between these groups. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were constructed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of ARFI imaging, serological indexes and CEUS, alone or in different combinations, in identifying benign and malignant liver lesions. RESULTS A total of 112 liver lesions in 43 patients were included, of which 78 were malignant and 34 were benign. Shear wave velocity(SWV) value, serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) content and enhancement rate were significantly higher in the malignant tumor group than in the benign tumor group(2.39 ± 1.20 m/s vs 1.50 ± 0.49 m/s, 18.02 ± 5.01 ng/m L vs 15.96 ± 4.33 ng/m L, 2.14 ± 0.21 d B/s vs 2.01 ± 0.31 d B/s; P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis revealed that the areas under the curves(AUCs) of SWV value alone, AFP content alone, enhancement rate alone, SWV value + AFP content, SWV value + enhancement rate, AFP content + enhancement rate and SWV value + AFP content + enhancement rate were 85.1%, 72.1%, 74.5%, 88.3%, 90.4%, 82.0% and 92.3%, respectively. The AUC of SWV value + AFP content + enhancement rate was higher than those of SWV value + AFP content and SWV value + enhancement rate, and significantly higher than those of any single parameter or the combination of any two of parameters.CONCLUSION The combination of SWV, AFP and enhancement rate had better diagnostic performance in distinguishing between benign and malignant liver lesions than the use of any single parameter or the combination of any two of parameters. It is expected that this would provide a tool for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant liver lesions.

Focal liver lesions:Practical magnetic resonance imaging approach

With the widespread of cross-sectional imaging, a growth of incidentally detected focal liver lesions(FLL) has been observed. A reliable detection and characterization of FLL is critical for optimal patient management. Maximizing accuracy of imaging in the context of FLL is paramount in avoiding unnecessary biopsies, which may result in post-procedural complications. A tremendous development of new imaging techniques has taken place during these last years. Nowadays, Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) plays a key role in management of liver lesions, using a radiation-free technique and a safe contrast agent profile. MRI plays a key role in the non-invasive correct characterization of FLL. MRI is capable of providing comprehensive and highly accurate diagnostic information, with the additional advantage of lack of harmful ionizing radiation. These properties make MRI the mainstay for the noninvasive evaluation of focal liver lesions. In this paper we review the state-of-the-art MRI liver protocol, briefly discussing different sequence types, the unique characteristics of imaging non-cooperative patients and discuss the role of hepatocyte-specific contrast agents. A review of the imaging features of the most common benign and malignant FLL is presented, supplemented by a schematic representation of a simplistic practical approach on MRI.

Indications and the Outcome of the Mammography at Douala General Hospital (Cameroon)

Background: Recent reports indicate that the use of mammography in breast screening plays a major role in reducing breast cancer-related deaths. It helps to improve quality of care and patient information. However, in Cameroon, there are no organized general breast screening programs which give women the opportunity to regularly screen their breasts, except for the few who take their own initiative for breast screening. Purpose: This study aimed to list indications and results of mammography and/or breast ultrasounds at Douala General Hospital in order to determine the proportion of routine mammographic screening. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Douala General Hospital using pre-established data sheets. The study recruited all patients who met the selection criteria and reported to the radiology and medical imaging department for breast screening using physical examinations, mammography and/or ultrasounds. Results: The study recruited 372 patients, 96.8% of whom were between 40 to 50 years old. The reasons given for the medical consultation were systematic screening (33.01%);pain (27.18%) and lumps (25.24%). Breast examination by inspection was normal in 87.1% of women, and by palpation in 66.7%. Mammography revealed nodular opacities (18.3%), spiculated images (4.3%) and micro calcifications (3.2%), while ultrasound identified fibroadenomas (16.48%) and cysts (6.18%). Suspicious lesions (ACR 4 and 5) were discovered in 7.6% of cases by mammography and 8.51% of cases by ultrasound. The results indicated that there was no significant association between the use of clinical examination and mammography (p = 0.754). The use of clinical examination alone for breast screening may not be sufficient. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that in Cemaroon, the routine screening mammography accounts for less than one-third (33.1%) of all indications. Benign lesions were most common, however 7.6% and 8.51% of suspicious malignant lesions were observed using mammography and ultrasound respectively.

基于瘤体及瘤周多参数MRI对乳腺病变良恶性诊断列线图预测模型的构建与评价

目的:建立基于瘤体及瘤周多参数MRI的乳腺病变良恶性鉴别诊断的列线图模型,并验证其预测效能。方法:纳入经病理学检查明确乳腺病变性质的100例患者作为研究对象,所有患者均行核磁共振(MRI)检查和病理检查,根据病理检查结果分为乳腺良性病变组(n=62)和乳腺恶性病变组(n=38)。收集患者临床资料、瘤体各参数、瘤周各参数以及乳腺病变良恶性情况。多因素Logistic回归分析筛选乳腺恶性病变的危险因素并构建列线图预测模型,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线和Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验验证模型的预测效能及拟合优度;内部验证采用Bootstrap。结果:乳腺恶性病变组病灶直径、平均扩散峰度(MK)、MDp/t、瘤周与瘤体MKp/n高于乳腺良性病变组(均P<0.05);乳腺恶性病变组表观扩散系数(ADC)值、平均扩散率(MD)、非对称磁化转移率(MTRasym)、MKp/t、MDp/n低于乳腺良性病变组(均P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,病灶直径、MK、MDp/t、MKp/n升高,ADC值、MD、MTRasym、MKp/t、MDp/n降低是乳腺恶性病变的独立影响因素(均P<0.05)。基于上述独立影响因素构建乳腺恶性病变的列线图预测模型,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.827。Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验显示P值为0.004。采用Bootstrap法,生成的校准曲线拟合良好。结论:瘤体及瘤周多参数MRI对乳腺病变良恶性鉴别诊断具有重要预测价值,基于乳腺恶性病变的独立影响因素构建的列线图预测效果良好,能直观预测乳腺发生恶性病变的概率。

DIFFERENTIAL ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSES OF PULMONARY BENIGN AND MALIGNANT SPACE-OCCUPIED LESIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL TYPE

87 patients with pulmonary space-occupied lesions of the peripheral type which were either adhesive of close to pleura were examined using ultuasonography.Of them,64 cases of lung cancers and 23 of bening lesions were then confirmed by

基于磁共振多模态成像定量参数鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性病变及与临床病理特征的关系探究

目的 分析磁共振多模态成像定量参数鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性病变的价值,并探究乳腺病变性质与临床病理特征的关系。方法 纳入2015年1月-2022年12月医院120例乳腺占位性病变患者,所有患者入院时均接受磁共振多模态成像检查,包括弥散加权(DWI)、磁共振波谱成像(MRS)与磁共振动态增强(DCE-MRI),以病理检查结果为“金标准”,分析该检查方式鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性病变的价值。依据乳腺占位性病变性质将患者分为恶性组与良性组,对比两组临床病理特征,分析乳腺病变性质与临床病理特征的关系。结果 120例乳腺占位性病变患者经病理检查结果显示,乳腺癌98例(81.67%),乳腺良性病变22例(18.33%);以病理检查结果为“金标准”,DCE-MRI及联合诊断乳腺病变性质的灵敏度、准确度高于DWI(P<0.05);乳腺癌组表观扩散系数(ADC)、rADC值低于乳腺良性病变组,Ⅰ型TIC曲线占比低于乳腺良性病变组,Ⅲ型TIC曲线占比高于乳腺良性病变组(P<0.05);绘制ROC曲线,结果显示,ADC、rADC及TIC曲线类型诊断乳腺病变性质具有一定价值(AUC=0.815、0.850、0.911);乳腺癌组肿瘤形态不规则、边缘毛刺/不规则、强化不均匀占比高于乳腺良性病变组(P<0.05);经Logistic回归分析,结果显示,肿瘤临床病理特征与乳腺占位性病变密切相关,形态不规则、边缘毛刺/不规则、强化不均匀是乳腺癌的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论磁共振多模态成像定量参数对乳腺良恶性病变具有一定鉴别诊断价值,乳腺癌的发生与肿瘤形态不规则、边缘毛刺/不规则、强化不均匀等临床病理特征密切相关。

Monoexponential, biexponential and stretched-exponential models based diffusion weighted imaging: a comparative study in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions

Objective To investgate the value of various parameters obtained from monoexponential,biexponential,and stretched exponential diffusion-weighted imaging models in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions.Methods A retrospective study was performed in 54 patients with pathologically confirmed malignant tumors(n=30),benign lesions(n=34)and normal fibroglandular

MSCT在孤立性肺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用价值分析

目的探究多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在孤立性肺结节良恶性鉴别诊断价值。方法选取河南科技大学附属许昌市中心医院2021年1月至2023年1月收入孤立性肺结节总计72例,所有患者入院后均接受常规CT及MSCT检查,并以病理检查结果作为诊断金标准,分析MSCT在孤立性肺结节诊断效能以及良性结节与恶性结节CT征象特征。结果72例孤立性结节患者经病理检查,结果显示良性结节51例(70.83%)、恶性结节21例(29.17%)。MSCT的诊断准确率、特异性(93.06%、94.12%),高于常规CT(79.17%、80.39%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);恶性结节中钙化(14.29%)低于良性结节(39.22%),恶性结节中分叶征、毛刺征、胸膜凹陷征(85.71%、76.19%、71.43%),高于良性结节(13.73%、15.69%、7.84%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而良性结节与恶性结节在空泡征对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);恶性结节中常规CT、MSCT中定量参数增强峰值(PH)、孤立性肺结节与主动脉强化峰值的比值(S_(PH)/A_(PH))均高于良性结节,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MSCT应用于孤立性肺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中具有较高准确性,同时良恶性结节CT征象上差异显著,为临床早期鉴别诊断提供合理依据,医师能依据诊断结果制定出合理治疗方案。

高频超声用于浅表淋巴结良恶性鉴别的临床价值

目的探讨高频超声用于浅表淋巴结良恶性鉴别的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2022年2月至2024年1月佛山市中医院收治的64例浅表淋巴结患者的临床资料,所有患者均接受高频超声检查,依据病理组织活检结果将其分为良性组21例和恶性组43例,比较两组患者的高频超声图像特征,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,并采用Kappa一致性检验分析高频超声对恶性浅表淋巴结的诊断价值。结果良性组与恶性组患者的高频超声图像特征比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中恶性浅表淋巴结表现为类圆形/圆形,未发现淋巴门结构,内部可见微小的钙化灶/囊状回声,边界清晰度不佳,彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)呈现为周边/混合型;良性组患者超声检测的长径值、短径值、长径/短径比值、RI值分别为(2.84±0.29)cm、(1.20±0.16)cm、2.35±0.26、0.62±0.07,明显低于恶性组的(3.11±0.35)cm、(1.32±0.15)cm、2.50±0.27、0.85±0.09,动脉收缩期血流速度为(31.85±3.29)cm/s,明显快于恶性组的(26.99±2.76)cm/s,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组患者的舒张末期血流速度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);高频超声诊断恶性浅表淋巴结的敏感度、特异度、曲线下面积(AUC)、Kappa值分别为83.72%、85.71%、0.847(95%CI 0.739~0.955)、0.662。结论高频超声对浅表淋巴结良恶性具有一定的鉴别诊断价值,值得临床推广应用。

高分辨率CT用于肺部小结节良恶性鉴别诊断的效果分析

目的分析高分辨率CT对肺部小结节良恶性的鉴别诊断效果。方法选取2021年2月至2023年4月我院收治的肺部小结节患者96例,均予以常规CT及高分辨率CT检查,评估图像质量,以最终手术病理结果为依据,分别进行两种检查方法与手术病理结果的一致性分析,比较两种检查方式的诊断效能。结果高分辨率CT图像质量优良率显著高于常规CT(P<0.05)。96例患者经手术病理检查确诊为肺癌阳性70例,阴性26例;高分辨率CT与手术病理诊断结果的一致性较好(κ=0.906,P<0.001);常规CT与手术病理诊断结果的一致性一般(κ=0.729,P<0.001)。高分辨率CT的灵敏度、特异度、准确率分别为97.14%、92.31%、95.83%,显著高于常规CT的80.00%、50.00%、71.88%(P<0.05)。结论与常规CT相比,高分辨率CT在肺部小结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的图像质量更佳,诊断效能更好,值得临床应用。

多模态高场MRI乳腺扫描对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值

目的 分析多模态高场磁共振成像(MRI)乳腺扫描诊断乳腺良恶性病变的临床价值。方法 收集2022年1月至2023年12月于河南科技大学第二附属医院进行乳腺MRI检查的79例乳腺患者的临床资料,所有患者入院后均接受高场MRI轴位T1加权成像(T1WI)、压脂T2加权成像(fs-T2WI)、扩散加权成像(DWI)、表观弥散系数(ADC)、动态对比增强(DCE),并将扫描的图像传至配套的后处理软件工作站建立病灶感兴趣区的动态增强曲线(DCE-TIC)及最大强度投影(MIP)图像、分析多模态高场MRI乳腺扫描在诊断乳腺良恶性病变方面的临床价值。结果 以组织病理学检查结果作为金标准,79例患者中发现81个病灶,其中良性病变44个,恶性病变37个,有2例患者存在2个病变并存的情况,1例是左乳纤维腺瘤,右乳微小粘液癌,1例是左乳发现2个病变,血管平滑肌瘤和叶状肿瘤并存。磁共振平扫、动态对比增强扫描和多模态高场MRI乳腺扫描诊断恶性病变的灵敏度分别为72.97%、86.49%、94.59%,特异度分别为54.55%、59.09%、81.82%,准确度分别为62.96%、71.60%、87.65%,约登指数分别为0.28、0.46、0.76。其中多模态高场MRI乳腺扫描诊断乳腺恶性病变效能最高,灵敏度、特异度、准确度及约等指数分别为94.59%、81.82%、87.65%,0.76,高于单一做乳腺磁共振平扫或单做动态对比增强成像。结论 多单一做乳腺平扫或DCE检查都有一定的不足,多模态高场MRI乳腺扫描诊断乳腺良恶性病变的诊断效能较好,对乳腺恶性病变诊断的准确性较高,对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断具有较高的临床价值。

肺癌七项自身抗体联合检测在肺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨肺癌七项自身抗体检测在肺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的临床价值。方法选取肺癌患者45例作为观察组,另选同期收治的良性肺结节患者45例作为对照组,所有患者均采集血液进行抑癌基因53(p53)、干细胞转录因子2(SOX2)、肿瘤睾丸抗原7(GAGE7)、蛋白基因产物9.5(PGP9.5)、人癌抗原(Cage)、黑色素瘤抗原A1(MAGEA1)、肿瘤抗原4-5(Gbu4-5)检测,比较2组各抗体间差异;并依据肺癌肿瘤分期分为Ⅰ~Ⅱ、Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者,比较2组各抗体间水平差异;绘制ROC曲线,分析各抗体及联合检测鉴别诊断良恶性肺结节的临床价值。结果观察组p53、SOX2、GAGE7、PGP9.5、Cage、MAGEA1、Gbu4-5水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。45例肺癌患者中Ⅰ~Ⅱ期29例,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期16例;Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者p53、SOX2、GAGE7、PGP9.5、Cage、MAGEA1、Gbu4-5水平高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。绘制ROC曲线显示,联合肺癌七项自身抗体检测鉴别诊断肺结节良恶性价值更高。结论肺癌七项自身抗体检测在肺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中价值高,可提高诊断灵敏度及特异度,有助于后续针对性治疗工作的开展。

磁共振成像新技术在乳腺良恶性病变鉴别诊断中的应用进展

乳腺癌已成为全球第一大癌症,严重威胁女性健康。磁共振成像技术以其多参数、高软组织分辨率及无电离辐射等优点,已越来越多地应用于乳腺病变的良恶性鉴别。随着近年来磁共振技术的飞速发展,新的成像方法不断涌现,为乳腺病变的良恶性检出提供了更有价值的参考依据。其中,超快速磁共振动态对比增强成像、合成磁共振成像、磁共振指纹打印技术及一系列高级扩散加权成像技术(体素内不相干运动成像、扩散峰度成像和拉伸指数模型成像)均可以从不同角度描述乳腺病变潜在的组织学或病理学特征,为良恶性鉴别提供有力支撑。本文将从成像原理、技术特点以及临床应用等多个层面,系统地阐述上述磁共振成像新技术对乳腺病变良恶性的鉴别诊断价值。

磁共振扩散加权成像鉴别诊断前列腺良恶性增生的效能及影像特点分析

目的:探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)对前列腺良恶性增生的鉴别诊断效能和影像特点。方法:回顾性分析2021年3月至2023年3月于本院行前列腺常规MRI检查和DWI检查患者126例,分析前列腺良恶性增生患者DWI影像特点,比较常规MRI检查、DWI检查对前列腺良恶性增生诊断情况及诊断效能。以前列腺良、恶性病理检查结果为依据将患者分为恶性组、良性组,比较两组患者DWI的ADC值,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析ADC值对前列腺恶性增生的诊断价值。结果:经前列腺组织病理确诊前列腺恶性病变(前列腺癌)89例(70.63%),前列腺良性病变(前列腺炎性增生结节)37例(29.37%)。当扩散敏感因子(b)值分别为0s/mm 2、1000s/mm 2、2000s/mm 2时,前列腺良性增生患者列腺中央腺体表现为等、稍高、高信号,ADC图出现稍低信号;而前列腺恶性增生患者前列腺右侧中央腺体及移行区表现为稍低、高、亮信号,ADC图出现明显低信号。常规MRI检出列腺恶性增生104例、前列腺良性增生22例,其中准确率为84.92%、阳性预测值为83.65%、阴性预测值为90.91%,灵敏度、特异度分别为97.75%、54.05%,kappa值为0.588;DWI检查前列腺恶性增生94例、前列腺良性增生32例,其中准确率为91.27%、阳性预测值为91.49%、阴性预测值为90.63%,灵敏度、特异度分别为96.63%、78.38%,kappa值为0.781。恶性组患者的ADC值为(0.91±0.28)×10^(-3)mm^(2)/s,明显低于良性组患者的ADC值(1.59±0.33)×10^(-3)mm^(2)/s(t=11.769,P<0.001)。ADC值对前列腺恶性增生诊断的曲线下面积为0.895(95%CI:0.836~0.954),最佳临界值为1.20610^(-3 )mm ^(2)/s,灵敏度为86.52%,特异度为78.38%。结论:前列腺恶性增生组织DWI信号强度较前列腺良性增生显著增强,但ADC图信号明显降低,DWI检查对前列腺恶性增生诊断与病理诊断的一致性较强,ADC值对前列腺恶性增生表现出良好的诊断价值。