Epimedium koreanum Nakai and its main constituent icariin suppress lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes

Obesity is associated with a number of metabolic abnormalities such as type 2 diabetes and has become a major health problem worldwide. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Epimedium koreanum Nakai(Herba Epimedii, HE) and its main constituent icariin on the adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. HE extract and icariin significantly reduced lipid accumulation and suppressed the expressions of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP-1c in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. They also inhibited fatty acid synthase(FAS), acyl-Co A synthase(ACS1), and perilipin. Moreover, HE extract and icariin markedly increased the phosphorylation of AMPK. These results indicated that HE extract and icariin can inhibit the adipocyte differentiation through downregulation of the adipogenic transcription factors, suggesting that HE containing icariin may be used as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment and prevention of obesity.

The Differentiation-and Proliferation-Inhibitory Effects of Sporamin from Sweet Potato in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of sporamin on the differentiation and proliferation of 3T3-LI preadipocytes, providing the theoretical basis for the development of food to treat obesity and diabetes, The isolation and purification of sporamin from sweet potato species 55-2 were performed by ammonium sulphate precipitation in combination with ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. With berberine as a positive control, different concentrations ofsporamin （0.000, 0.125, 0.025, 0.250, 0.500, and 1.000 mg·mL^-1 were used to treat 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Intracellular fat accumulation and the degree of adipogenesis were quantified using Oil Red O staining and colorimetry, Preadipocytes differentiation was measured by 3（4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） spectrophotometric assay. Two sporamin proteins, which were separated into sporamin A （31 kD） and sporamin B （22 kD）, could be purified by ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. After being treated by different concentrations of sporamin, the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was significantly inhibited, compared with the positive control. When the sporamin solution concentration was 0.500 mg mL-1, the accumulation of lipid droplets within the cells was significantly decreased and the optical density （OD） value of the solution from destained Oil Red O reached to 0.35, which was the lowest value （P〈 0.05）. The proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was significantly inhibited by treating at higher sporamin concentrations. In addition, the inhibitory effect was more obvious with the prolonged treatment time （P〈 0.05）. The differentiation and proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes could be inhibited significantly by the addition of higher concentration sporamin. It was, therefore, suggested that the sporamin was potentially effective for weight loss.

Bisphosphonates and adipogenesis: Evidence for alendronate inhibition of adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through a vitamin D receptor mediated effect

Background: Adipocyte and osteoblast derive from the same mesenchimal progenitor. Age-related decrease in bone mass is accompanied by an increase in marrow adipose tissue. Vitamin D3 (VD3) inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Recently it has been demonstrated that alendronate (ALN) inhibits adipogenesis while promoting osteoblast differentiation of mesenchimal stem cells. Aim of the Study: To evaluate the role of ALN on adipocyte differentiation in vitro and the potential synergic role of VD3 co-treatment. Procedures: Murine 3T3-L1 and 3T3-F442A preadipocytes were routinely differentiated in presence of ALN and VD3 10-9 - 10-7 M for 7 days and then stained with Oil Red O. The effect of these treatments on mRNA expression of the main molecular markers of adipocyte differentiation (PPARγ and C/EBPα) and VD Receptor (VDR) were analyzed through RT-PCR. Results: Both ALN and VD3 showed a marked anti-adipogenic effect on 3T3-L1 cells. Co-incubation of ALN 10-8 M and VD3 10-9 M displayed no synergic effect on inhibition of adipogenesis. PPARγ mRNA expression was significantly reduced by ALN and VD3. mRNA expression of C/EBPα was reduced only by VD3 treatment. An increase in VDR mRNA expression of 3T3-L1 cells was observed with both ALN and VD3. On the contrary, 3T3-F442A cells, which are in a more advanced adipogenic differentiation stage compared to 3T3-L1, did not express detectable levels of VDR. Interestingly, adipose differentiation of 3T3-F442A was not affected by ALN nor VD3. These results suggest that VDR may represent the molecular target of the anti-adipogenic effect of ALN. Conclusion: VDR plays a critical role in mediating the anti-adipogenic effect of ALN. Further studies to clarify this mechanism are warranted.

bta-miR-27a-5p的生物信息学分析及其对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化的影响

为了探究bta-miR-27a-5p的生物学特性及其对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化的影响,试验利用miRBase数据库对不同物种间miR-27a-5p的保守性进行分析,并构建了miR-27a-5p的系统进化树;利用TargetScan和miRWalk在线网站预测bta-miR-27a-5p的靶基因,并对靶基因进行GO功能注释和KEGG信号通路分析;利用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测在不同月龄夏南牛不同器官中bta-miR-27a-5p基因的相对表达量;最后通过实时荧光定量PCR方法、Western-blot检测、三酰甘油浓度测定和油红O染色探究过表达bta-miR-27a-5p后对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化的影响。结果表明:不同物种miR-27a-5p的成熟序列保守性较高;牛miR-27a-5p基因与山羊的亲缘关系最近,与非洲爪蟾的亲缘关系最远;bta-miR-27a-5p靶基因主要在细胞过程、生物过程、细胞、细胞部分、结合等GO条目上富集,并富集在胰岛素抵抗、细胞衰老、脂肪细胞因子等信号通路中;bta-miR-27a-5p基因可在夏南牛的多个器官中表达,且12月龄夏南牛脂肪组织中的相对表达量均显著低于0月龄和24月龄(P<0.05);过表达bta-miR-27a-5p基因可显著或极显著抑制C/EBPα、PPARγ和FABP4基因和蛋白质表达(P<0.05或P<0.01),并显著或极显著降低3T3-L1前脂肪细胞内脂滴和三酰甘油浓度(P<0.05或P<0.01)。说明bta-miR-27a-5p在不同物种间高度保守,在不同月龄夏南牛脂肪组织中显著差异表达,并且能抑制3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化,bta-miR-27a-5p基因可能是调控牛脂肪生成的候选miRNA。

Verapamil inhibits 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation

Objective： To investigate the effect of the calcium channel blocker verapamil on adipocyte differentiation and its mechanism of action. Methods： Preadipocytes from 3T3-L1 strain mouse embryos were cultured and differentiated into matured adipocytes in vitro. Verapamil was added to the culture medium in the concentration of 30 μmol/L on Day 0. Cell differentiation was determined by Oil Red O staining and marker gene mRNA expression was evaluated and compared by RT-PCR. The fluo-3/AM probe and laser scanning confocal microscopy were used to measure intracetlular calcium concentrations. Results： （1）The differentiation rate of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes exposed to verapamil was lower than that of untreated cells. （2）Verapamil promoted the retention of pref-1 gene expression. Lipoprotein lipase expression in the verapamil group was significantly lower than that in the control group on Day 4, Day 6 and Day 8 （P 〈 0.05） and resistin expression was significantly lower than that in the control group on Day 6, Day 8 and Day 10 （P 〈 0.05）. Fatty acid synthase expression in the verapamil group was significantly lower than that in the control group from Day 2 （P 〈 0.05）. （3） Intracellular concentrations of calcium [Ca^2＋]i in the verapamil group were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group on Day 2, Day 4 and Day 6 （P 〈 0.05）, while there was no obvious difference between the two groups on Day 0 （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes verapamil significantly reduced adipocyte differentiation, down-regulated the mRNA expression of three marker genes for adipocytes differentiation, and prolonged the mRNA expression of an inhibitor of differentiation. The inhibitory effect of verapamil on differentiation may involve its role as a blocker of calcium influx in adipocytes.

葛根素对3T3-L1脂肪细胞胰岛素抵抗的影响及机制研究

目的:探讨葛根素对3T3-L1脂肪细胞胰岛素抵抗(IR)的影响及可能的作用机制。方法:将3T3-L1脂肪细胞分为7组,即对照组(control组)、葛根素3μmol/L组、葛根素10μmol/L组、葛根素30μmol/L组、葛根素100μmol/L组、葛根素300μmol/L组和阳性对照组(罗格列酮10μmol/L组,RGZ组),每组6孔。采用MTT法检测细胞增殖,油红O染色法检测细胞分化。利用地塞米松诱导建立3T3-L1脂肪细胞IR模型,并给予不同浓度的葛根素进行干预,测定葡萄糖利用情况,利用细胞转染过表达TLR2(命名为Pue+oe-TLR2组);蛋白质免疫印迹法(western blotting)测定TLR2蛋白水平;酶联免疫吸附试验测定干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)水平。结果:与control组相比,葛根素各剂量组3T3-L1脂肪细胞的增殖率均无显著变化(P>0.05)。与control组相比,葛根素各剂量组3T3-L1脂肪细胞的分化明显增加(P<0.05)。与control组相比,葛根素各剂量组IR 3T3-L1脂肪细胞的葡萄糖消耗量显著提高(P<0.05);葛根素各剂量组IR 3T3-L1脂肪细胞中TLR2表达量、IFN-γ分泌量降低,GLUT4和PPARγ的水平升高(P<0.05)。Pue+oe-TLR2组TLR2的相对表达量及IFN-γ分泌量显著高于Pue+oe-NC组,PPARγ、GLUT4的相对表达量显著低于Pue+oe-NC组(P<0.01)。结论:葛根素可提高IR 3T3-L1脂肪细胞葡萄糖消耗,缓解IR,其机制可能与抑制TLR2表达进而降低IFN-γ分泌有关。

木犀草苷对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化和脂代谢的影响

目的:研究木犀草苷对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化和脂代谢的影响及其作用机制。方法:采用3T3-L1前脂肪细胞,利用四甲基偶氮唑蓝法检测不同质量浓度木犀草苷对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞毒性的影响;使用鸡尾酒诱导法诱导细胞分化,用油红O染色观察脂滴形成情况;测定分化后细胞中甘油三酯、总胆固醇的含量以及相关炎症因子如肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-6、IL-10、瘦素(leptin,LEP)和脂联素(adiponectin,ADPN)的分泌量;利用Western Blot法检测细胞过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(peroxisome proliferators activated receptor,PPAR)γ、CCAAT增强子结合蛋白(CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins,C/EBP)-α、固醇调节元件结合蛋白1(sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1,SREBP1)、PPARα、解偶联蛋白1(uncoupling protein 1,UCP-1)、肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1(carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1,CPT-1)蛋白的相对表达水平。结果:3T3-L1前脂肪细胞存活率随木犀草苷质量浓度的升高整体呈降低趋势,木犀草苷质量浓度在5~60μg/mL时细胞存活率均在80%以上。木犀草苷处理组可显著抑制3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的分化,减少脂质积累;木犀草苷可下调成脂分化后细胞中总胆固醇、甘油三酯的含量以及炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6和LEP的分泌量,上调IL-10和ADPN的分泌量;木犀草苷能下调PPARγ、C/EBP-α和SREBP1蛋白的相对表达水平,上调PPARα、UCP-1和CPT-1蛋白的相对表达水平。结论:木犀草苷可以抑制3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化和影响脂代谢,其机制一方面是下调PPARγ、C/EBP-α和SREBP1蛋白表达,抑制脂肪合成;另一方面是激活PPARα上调下游蛋白,促进脂肪消耗;木犀草苷还可能通过调节细胞因子的分泌量,促进细胞脂解,从而改善脂代谢失衡。

山药多糖对地塞米松诱导IR-3T3-L1脂肪细胞的降血糖作用及机制研究

目的探究山药多糖(Chinese yam polysaccharide,CYPS)在地塞米松(dexamethasone,DEX)诱导的3T3-L1胰岛素抵抗(IR-3T3-L1)细胞模型中的降血糖作用。方法将IR-3T3-L1脂肪细胞随机分为对照组(Con)、DEX组(DEX)、Met组(Met,阳性药组)、CYPS组(0.05、0.15、0.45 mg/mL),通过DEX(1μmol/L)诱导建立IR-3T3-L1细胞模型,进行给药后细胞对葡萄糖的消耗量和细胞中血脂(总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C))与丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)、己糖激酶(hexokinase,HK)、丙酮酸激酶(pyruvate kinase,PK)含量的检测,并采用qRT-PCR对AMPK-PI3K/Akt信号通路中相关基因表达进行检测。结果DEX组与Con组相比,1μmol/L DEX处理48 h显著降低了IR-3T3-L1细胞的葡萄糖消耗量(P<0.01),且在60 h内维持稳定。0.05、0.15、0.45 mg/mL CYPS处理IR-3T3-L1细胞显著增加了细胞中葡萄糖的消耗(P<0.01)、HK、PK、GSH-Px酶活性(P<0.01)、HDL-C含量(P<0.01);降低了MDA酶活性(P<0.01)、T-CHO、TG、LDL-C含量(P<0.01)。同时,CYPS可以显著回调PI3K、Akt、GLUT-4、AMPK、IRS-2、PPARa、Adiponectin的mRNA水平(P<0.05),降低IRS-1、GSK-3β、ACC、FAS的mRNA表达水平(P<0.01)。结论CYPS能够改善DEX诱导的IR-3T3-L1细胞对葡萄糖的消耗,调节脂代谢紊乱,缓解氧化应激,其作用机制可能通过调控IR-3T3-L1脂肪细胞的AMPK-PI3K/Akt信号通路来实现糖脂代谢紊乱和胰岛素抵抗调节来实现。

紫苏葶对3T3-L1细胞和黄羽肉鸡脂质沉积的影响

试验旨在探究紫苏葶对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞以及肉鸡脂肪沉积的影响。通过体外诱导3T3L-1前脂肪细胞分化为成熟脂肪细胞,检测紫苏葶(0、10、25、50、75、100μmol/L)对细胞增殖、脂质积累和能量代谢、脂质代谢相关基因表达的影响。选择30只1日龄雄性黄羽肉鸡按体重随机分为对照组(CON组)、高脂组(HFD组,基础日粮中添加猪油14%、胆固醇6%、蔗糖5%)、紫苏葶处理组(HFD+PER组,HFD组日粮中添加500 mg/kg紫苏葶),试验期15 d,研究紫苏葶对肉鸡腹部脂肪沉积的影响。结果表明:10~100μmol/L紫苏葶对3T3-L1细胞没有毒性作用;与对照组相比,75μmol/L紫苏葶组3T3-L1细胞中甘油三酯含量以及脂滴积累显著降低,细胞线粒体数量和三磷酸腺苷含量显著增加,线粒体棕色脂肪解偶联蛋1、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ共激活因子-1α、脂肪酸结合蛋白4的mRNA表达水平显著升高,脂肪酸转位酶的mRNA表达水平显著降低;与对照组相比,HFD组黄羽肉鸡腹脂率显著升高,HFD+PER组腹脂率显著降低;通过RNA-seq发现,紫苏葶改变了肉鸡脂肪组织中与脂质沉积相关的256个基因的表达水平,这些基因主要富集在碳水化合物代谢、二磷酸腺苷代谢等途径。可见,紫苏葶是一种潜在的、可抑制脂肪沉积的天然小分子化合物或营养补充剂,该研究结果可为畜牧生产行业改善畜禽脂质沉积提供新的数据参考。

A Triterpenoid Inhibited Hormone-Induced Adipocyte Differentiation and Alleviated Dexamethasone-Induced Insulin Resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

6a-Hydroxylup-20(29)-en-3-on-28-oic acid(1),a natural triterpenoid,was found to possess the ability in a dose-dependent manner inhibiting hormone-induced adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes,and restoring glucose consuming ability in dexamethasone(DXM)-induced insulin resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Compound 1 was also found to ameliorate DXM-induced adipocyte dysfunction in lipolysis and adipokine secretion.Mechanistic studies revealed that 1 inhibited adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes via down-regulating hormone-stimulated gene transcription of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor c and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein alpha which are key factors in lipogenesis,and restored DXM-impaired glucose consuming ability in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes via repairing insulin signaling pathway and activating down-stream signaling transduction by phosphorylation of signaling molecules PI3K/p85,Akt2 and AS160,thus leading to increased translocation of glucose transporter type 4 and transportation of glucose.

Nesfatin-1对3T3-L1脂肪细胞糖代谢和自噬的影响

为探讨厌食肽Nesfatin-1对脂肪细胞糖代谢和自噬的影响,本试验通过体外诱导分化3T3-L1前脂肪细胞,并在高糖状态下,以Nesfatin-1干预1 h之后,采用非放射性荧光法、ELISA、实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot分别检测脂肪细胞的葡萄糖摄取水平、丙酮酸含量、己糖激酶和磷酸果糖激酶活性以及自噬因子LC3、p62和Beclin-1 mRNA和蛋白表达量。结果显示,3T3-L1前脂肪细胞经过8 d诱导可达到完全分化状态;与对照组相比,经过Nesfatin-1处理后,3T3-L1脂肪细胞的葡萄糖摄取水平极显著降低(P<0.01),己糖激酶和磷酸果糖激酶的酶活性均非常显著地降低(P<0.001),p62 mRNA和蛋白表达量极显著下降(P<0.01),但丙酮酸含量、Beclin-1 mRNA以及LC3 mRNA和蛋白表达量差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果提示,Nesfatin-1不仅能有效降低3T3-L1脂肪细胞的糖消耗能力,还能上调脂肪细胞的自噬水平。

重组糖蛋白激素β5/α2调控cAMP/PKA/CREB通路促进3T3-L1细胞脂肪分解的作用及机制研究

目的研究重组糖蛋白激素β5/α2(rCGH)对3T3-L1脂肪细胞脂解的影响,并探究其潜在机制。方法体外培养3T3-L1前脂肪细胞,并诱导分化为成熟脂肪细胞,给予不同浓度rCGH干预24 h。以CCK-8法检测3T3-L1脂肪细胞的细胞活力,酶学方法测定细胞内甘油三酯(TG)及培养上清中甘油的水平,油红O染色观察脂滴变化。Western blot检测各组脂肪细胞中HSL和ATGL脂解蛋白的表达水平。不同浓度rCGH加或不加PKA抑制剂H89对已分化成熟的3T3-L1脂肪细胞进行联合干预实验,将培养细胞分为对照组、H89预处理组、1μmol·L^(-1)rCGH组和(1μmol·L^(-1)rCGH+H89)联合干预组。酶法测定胞内TG及游离甘油的含量,Western blot检测CREB及脂解相关蛋白的表达。结果不同浓度rCGH(0.25、0.5、1、2μmol·L^(-1))对脂肪细胞细胞活力无显著影响(P>0.05);与对照组相比,rCGH处理显著降低了脂滴大小和细胞内TG含量,同时显著升高了细胞上清液中的甘油浓度。rCGH处理还刺激了p-HSL、ATGL和p-PKA的蛋白表达。此外,加入PKA抑制剂H89,减弱了rCGH对游离甘油水平、细胞内TG含量以及p-HSL、p-PLIN1和p-CREB表达的影响。结论rCGH通过上调HSL、ATGL和PKA活性促进3T3-L1脂肪细胞的脂质分解,促进甘油释放,抑制TG合成和脂质积累,其作用机制与cAMP/PKA/CREB信号通路激活有关。

HBP1 inhibits chicken preadipocyte differentiation by activating the STAT3 signaling via directly enhancing JAK2 expression

Obesity presents a serious threat to human health and broiler performance.The expansion of adipose tissue is mainly regulated by the differentiation of preadipocytes.The differentiation of preadipocytes is a complex biological process regulated by a variety of transcription factors and signaling pathways.Previous studies have shown that the transcription factor HMG-box protein 1(HBP1)can regulate the differentiation of mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.However,it is unclear whether HBP1 involved in chicken preadipocyte differentiation and which signaling pathways it regulates.The aim of the current study was to explore the biological function and molecular regulatory mechanism of HBP1 in the differentiation of chicken preadipocytes.The expression patterns of chicken HBP1 in abdominal adipose tissue and during preadipocyte differentiation were analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blot.The preadipocyte stably overexpressing HBP1 or knockout HBP1 and their control cell line were used to analyze the effect of HBP1 on preadipocyte differentiation by oil red O staining,RT-qPCR and Western blot.Cignal 45-Pathway Reporter Array was used to screen the signal pathways that HBP1 regulates in the differentiation of chicken preadipocytes.Chemical inhibitor and siRNA for signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)were used to analyze the effect of STAT3 on preadipocyte differentiation.The preadipocyte stably overexpressing HBP1 was transfected by the siRNA of STAT3 or treated with a chemical inhibitor of STAT3 for the rescue experiment.The results of gene expression analysis showed that the expression of HBP1 was related to abdominal fat deposition and preadipocyte differentiation in chickens.The results of function gain and loss experiments indicated that overexpression/knockout of HBP1 in chicken preadipocytes could inhibit/promote(P<0.05)lipid droplet deposition and the expression of adipogenesis-related genes.Mechanismlly,HBP1 activates(P<0.05)the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)signaling pathway by targeting janus kinase 2(JAK2)transcription.The results of functional rescue experiments indicated that STAT3 signaling mediated the regulation of HBP1 on chicken preadipocyte differentiation.In conclusion,HBP1 inhibits chicken preadipocyte differentiation by activating the STAT3 signaling pathway via directly enhancing JAK2 expression.Our findings provided new insights for further analysis of the molecular genetic basis of chicken adipose tissue growth and development.

EGCG调控3T3-L1脂肪细胞向棕色脂肪分化的作用与机制研究

目的探讨表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)调控3T3-L1脂肪细胞向棕色脂肪分化的作用与机制。方法培养3T3-L1脂肪细胞并诱导其分化,通过MTT法检测不同EGCG浓度对细胞增殖的影响,选取浓度为10、50、100μmol/L的EGCG处理3T3-L1脂肪细胞,空白对照组不做处理。采用AMPK抑制剂Compound C和AMPK激活剂AICAR分别处理3T3-L1脂肪细胞。油红O染色观察EGCG对3T3-L1细胞分化的影响;qRT-PCR法和Western blot法检测3T3-L1脂肪细胞分化及褐化相关因子及蛋白的表达水平;用Mito-tracker-Green探针检测线粒体荧光。结果随EGCG浓度的增加,3T3-L1细胞的脂滴减少,且呈一定浓度依赖性。加入AMPK激活剂AICAR可进一步减少脂滴,而加入AMPK抑制剂Compound C可逆转脂滴减少情况。随EGCG浓度的升高,PPARr、FASN mRNA及蛋白的表达水平均降低,UCP1、PGC-1α、Nrf1、Tfam、ATGL、HSL、AMPK mRNA及蛋白表达水平均升高(均P<0.05),加入AMPK激活剂AICAR可进一步加重此趋势,而加入AMPK抑制剂Compound C可逆转此趋势。荧光显微镜观察发现EGCG处理后荧光强度相对于对照组显著增强。结论EGCG通过调控3T3-L1脂肪细胞AMPKα/PGC-1α信号途径促进脂肪细胞棕色化和线粒体生物合成。

3,4-Oxo-isopropylidene-shikimic acid promotes adiopkine expression during murine 3T3-L1 fibroblast differentiation into adipocytes

Objective:3,4-Oxo-isopropylidene-shikimic acid(ISA),a derivative of shikimic acid,has exhibited ameliorative effect on cognitive impairment in experimental animal models of dementia.This study investigated the effect of ISA on lipid accumulation and adipokine secretion during differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to adipocytes.Methods:3T3-L1 cells were cultured and treated with ISA(50e800 mM)from days 3e8.Lipid accumulation and triglyceride content were measured.Gene expression of adipokines(adiponectin,leptin,and resistin),CCAAT/enhancer binding protein(C/EBP)b,C/EBP a and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g(PPAR g)and PPAR target genes,including adipocyte fatty acid binding protein(aP2)and fatty acid synthase(FAS)were investigated.Results:ISA promoted 3T3-L1 fibroblast differentiation to adipocytes and increased triglyceride content by 26%.On mechanistic levels,ISA increased expressions of C/EBP b,PPAR g,C/EBP a,aP2 and FAS.Moreover,ISA stimulated expressions of adipokines secreted by adipocytes,including adiponectin,leptin,and resistin.Conclusions:These findings demonstrated that ISA promoted adipogenesis by up-regulating expressions of C/EBP b,PPAR g,C/EBP a,aP2 and FAS,and also stimulated adipokines during adipocyte differentiation.Further study should clarify the relationship between stimulation of adipokines and cognitive enhancing effect of ISA.

高良姜二苯庚烷化合物对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化的影响和机制研究

目的探讨高良姜二苯庚烷化合物对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化的影响和机制。方法本研究选取2022年9月—2023年2月珠海市人民医院·暨南大学附属珠海医院3T3-L1前脂肪细胞为研究对象,使用MTT法评估高良姜二苯庚烷化合物对3T3-L1细胞增殖的影响。通过油红O染色检测分析高良姜二苯庚烷化合物对3T3-L1细胞分化的影响。应用实时定量聚合酶链锁反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR)方法检测高良姜二苯庚烷化合物对过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptorγ,PPARγ)和CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白α(CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Proteinα,C/EBPα)基因mRNA表达的调控作用。通过Western blot分析检测高良姜二苯庚烷化合物对PPARγ和C/EBPα蛋白表达的影响。结果高良姜二苯庚化合物(0、0.05、0.2、0.4 g/L)在24、48 h对前脂肪细胞的生长表现为增殖趋势,呈现一定的量效关系,其中高良姜二苯庚烷化合物浓度为0.4 g/L时3T3-L1增殖[(7.02±0.35)、(17.23±0.95)g/L]高于与对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=13.794、10.843,P均<0.05)。高良姜二苯庚烷化合物呈剂量依赖性地抑制了3T3-L1细胞的增殖。油红O染色结果显示,高良姜二苯庚烷化合物处理显著抑制了3T3-L1细胞的脂肪细胞分化,并减少了脂滴的积累;100μmol/L处理组,PPARγ和C/EBPα的mRNA表达水平显著降低。高良姜二苯庚烷化合物通过抑制PPARγ和C/EBPα基因的表达,调控了3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的分化过程,从而减少了脂肪滴的积累。结论高良姜二苯庚烷化合物抑制3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化,其机制与PPARr/EBPα的低表达有关。

The flavonoid glycoside vaccarin inhibits adipogenesis and stimulates lipolysis via Hedgehog signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Vaccarin,a flavonoid glycoside isolated from Vaccaria segetalis,is non-toxic to 3T3-L1 cells up to concentrations of 200μM.Accordingly,we investigated the effects of this natural product on adipogenesis and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Our results revealed that vaccarin significantly inhibited lipid accumulation by suppressing the adipogenesis-related transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)and the CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteinα(C/EBPα).Specifically,lipid accumulation decreased by up to 27.7±2.7%when 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with a 10μM concentration of vaccarin.Mechanistic studies showed that the compound inhibited adipogenesis through activation of the Hedgehog(Hh)signaling pathway and so restoring Smo and Gli1 expression at an early stage of differentiation.In mature 3T3-L1 cells,vaccarin significantly increased the secretion of glycerol into the surrounding medium and thus indicating that it accelerated the degradation of triglycerides.In addition,vaccarin,was shown to enhance lipolysis through stimulation of the transcription levels of lipoprotein lipase,monoglycerides lipase,adipose triacylglyceride lipase,hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose differentiated-related protein.All told,vaccarin suppressed lipid accumulation and enhanced lipolysis during adipocyte differentiation by restoring Hh signaling.As such,it is a phytochemical capable of halting adipocyte hyperplasia and,thereby,ameliorating the effects of obesity.

胰岛素诱导3T3-L1脂肪细胞胰岛素抵抗模型的建立

为建立胰岛素抵抗脂肪细胞模型,以3T3-L1前脂肪细胞为研究材料,通过3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤、地塞米松和胰岛素联合诱导其分化为3T3-L1脂肪细胞,通过葡萄糖消耗实验研究胰岛素诱导3T3-L1脂肪细胞产生胰岛素抵抗的作用浓度和时间关系,发现10-7mmol/L胰岛素诱导处理48h是3T3-L1脂肪细胞产生胰岛素抵抗的最适条件,该细胞模型的胰岛素抵抗状态可维持48h。通过高浓度胰岛素成功诱导3T3-L1脂肪细胞产生胰岛素抵抗,具有建模周期短、重复性好、操作简便的优点,该细胞模型可以用于抗胰岛素抵抗天然产物的筛选研究。

IR-3T3-L1脂肪胰岛素抵抗细胞的建立

目的探讨3T3-L1脂肪胰岛素抵抗细胞（insulin resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes cell,IR-3T3-L1）最佳的建立条件。方法采用地塞米松（Dexamethason,DEX）、1-甲基-3-异丁基黄嘌呤（3-isobutyl-methylxanthine,IBMX）和不同浓度的胰岛素（10^-8、10^-7、10^-6mol·L-1）诱导3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化为成熟的脂肪细胞,Oil red O染色确定最佳胰岛素诱导浓度,继而用1μmol·L-1DEX诱导建立IR-3T3-L1脂肪胰岛素抵抗细胞。采用葡萄糖氧化酶-过氧化物酶（Glucose oxidase-peroxidase,GOD-POD）法对IR-3T3-L1细胞的最佳诱导时间（24~120 h）及其稳定时间（24~48 h）进行了考察。结果 Oil red O染色发现3T3-L1前脂肪细胞用DEX、IBMX和10-6mol·L-1胰岛素诱导9 d,〉90%的前脂肪细胞分化为成熟的脂肪细胞;用1μmol·L-1DEX培养96 h后,脂肪细胞葡萄糖消耗率达到最大（P=0.0003）;稳定时间考察发现,在36 h内葡萄糖消耗与对照组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.001）。结论3T3-L1前脂肪细胞在1μmol·L-1DEX、0.5 mmol·L-1IBMX和10-6mol·L-1最佳胰岛素浓度作用下诱导分化为成熟的脂肪细胞后,用1μmol·L-1DEX培养96 h即可成功诱导成IR-3T3-L1-IR脂肪胰岛素抵抗细胞,且在36 h内稳定。

地黄寡糖对3T3-L1脂肪细胞增殖及胰岛素抵抗的作用

目的:探讨地黄寡糖对脂肪细胞增殖和胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法:培养3T3-L1前脂肪细胞,用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)方法检测3T3-L1前脂肪细胞及脂肪细胞的增殖情况,同时采用地塞米松诱导3T3-L1脂肪细胞建立胰岛素抵抗模型,检测地黄寡糖对细胞培养基中葡萄糖浓度的影响。结果:在DMEM高糖培养基中,地黄寡糖可促进3T3-L1前脂肪细胞增殖,抑制3T3-L1脂肪细胞增殖,作用呈明显量效关系;使3T3-L1前脂肪细胞及3T3-L1脂肪细胞葡萄糖消耗量增加,呈明显量效关系;地黄寡糖能明显增加胰岛素抵抗3T3-L1脂肪细胞培养基中的葡萄糖消耗量,增强对胰岛素的敏感性。结论:地黄寡糖可以促进前脂肪细胞的增殖,抑制脂肪细胞的增殖,地黄寡糖对地塞米松诱导的3T3-L1脂肪细胞胰岛素抵抗具有明显的改善作用。