Intensity correlation properties of x-ray beams split with Laue diffraction

Beam splitting is one of the main approaches to achieving x-ray ghost imaging, and the intensity correlation between diffraction beam and transmission beam will directly affect the imaging quality. In this paper, we investigate the intensity correlation between the split x-ray beams by Laue diffraction of stress-free crystal. The analysis based on the dynamical theory of x-ray diffraction indicates that the spatial resolution of diffraction image and transmission image are reduced due to the position shift of the exit beam. In the experimental setup, a stress-free crystal with a thickness of hundredmicrometers-level is used for beam splitting. The crystal is in a non-dispersive configuration equipped with a double-crystal monochromator to ensure that the dimension of the diffraction beam and transmission beam are consistent. A correlation coefficient of 0.92 is achieved experimentally and the high signal-to-noise ratio of the x-ray ghost imaging is anticipated.Results of this paper demonstrate that the developed beam splitter of Laue crystal has the potential in the efficient data acquisition of x-ray ghost imaging.

Diffraction deep neural network-based classification for vector vortex beams

The vector vortex beam(VVB)has attracted significant attention due to its intrinsic diversity of information and has found great applications in both classical and quantum communications.However,a VVB is unavoidably affected by atmospheric turbulence(AT)when it propagates through the free-space optical communication environment,which results in detection errors at the receiver.In this paper,we propose a VVB classification scheme to detect VVBs with continuously changing polarization states under AT,where a diffractive deep neural network(DDNN)is designed and trained to classify the intensity distribution of the input distorted VVBs,and the horizontal direction of polarization of the input distorted beam is adopted as the feature for the classification through the DDNN.The numerical simulations and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme has high accuracy in classification tasks.The energy distribution percentage remains above 95%from weak to medium AT,and the classification accuracy can remain above 95%for various strengths of turbulence.It has a faster convergence and better accuracy than that based on a convolutional neural network.

Tailoring electron vortex beams with customizable intensity patterns by electron diffraction holography

An electron vortex beam(EVB) carrying orbital angular momentum(OAM) plays a key role in a series of fundamental scientific researches, such as chiral energy-loss spectroscopy and magnetic dichroism spectroscopy. So far, almost all the experimentally created EVBs manifest isotropic doughnut intensity patterns. Here, based on the correlation between local divergence angle of electron beam and phase gradient along azimuthal direction, we show that free electrons can be tailored to EVBs with customizable intensity patterns independent of the carried OAM. As proof-of-concept, by using computer generated hologram and designing phase masks to shape the incident free electrons in the transmission electron microscope, three structured EVBs carrying identical OAM are tailored to exhibit completely different intensity patterns. Furthermore, through the modal decomposition, we quantitatively investigate their OAM spectral distributions and reveal that structured EVBs present a superposition of a series of different eigenstates induced by the locally varied geometries. These results not only generalize the concept of EVB, but also demonstrate an extra highly controllable degree of freedom for electron beam manipulation in addition to OAM.

The Crystal Structure Study of CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn0.5O6−δ by Neutron Diffraction

The crystal structure of CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn0.5O6−δ is investigated through neutron diffraction techniques in this study. The material is synthesized using a solid-state synthesis method at a temperature of 1200˚C. Neutron diffraction data is subjected to Rietveld refinement, and a comparative analysis with X-ray diffraction (XRD) data is performed to unravel the structural details of the material. The findings reveal that the synthesized material exhibits a cubic crystal structure with a Pm-3m phase. The neutron diffraction results offer valuable insights into the arrangement of atoms within the lattice, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the material’s structural properties. This research enhances our knowledge of CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn0.5O6−δ, with potential implications for its applications in various technological and scientific domains.

Thermal expansivity of geikielite and ilmenite utilizing in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction at high temperature

The unit-cell parameters and volumes of geikielite(MgTiO_(3))and ilmenite(FeTiO_(3))were investigated at high temperatures up to 700 K and ambient pressure,using in-situ angle-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction.No phase transition was detected over the experimental temperature range.Using(Berman in J Petrol29:445-522,1988.10.1093/petrology/29.2.445)equations to fit the temperature-volume data,the volumetric thermal expansion coefficients at ambient conditions(α_(V0))of MgTiO_(3) and FeTiO_(3) were obtained as follows:2.55(6)×10^(-5)K^(-1)and 2.82(10)×10^(-5)K^(-1),respectively.We infer that the larger effective ionic radius of Fe^(2+)(Ⅵ)(0.78 A)than that of Mg^(2+)(Ⅵ)(0.72?)renders FeTiO_(3)has a larger volumetric thermal expansivity than MgTiO_(3).Simultaneously,the refined axial thermal expansion coefficients under ambient conditions areα_(a0)=0.74(3)×10^(-5)K^(-1)andα_(c0)=1.08(5)×10^(-5)K^(-1)for the aaxis and c-axis of MgTiO_(3),respectively,andα_(a0)=0.95(5)×10^(-5)K^(-1)andα_(c0)=0.92(12)×10^(-5)K^(-1)for the aaxis and c-axis of FeTiO_(3),respectively.The axial thermal expansivity of MgTiO_(3) is anisotropic,but that of FeTiO_(3) is nearly isotropic.We infer that the main reason for the different axial thermal expansivity between MgTiO_(3) and FeTiO_(3) is that the thermal expansion mode of the Mg-O bond in MgTiO_(3) is different from that of the Fe-O bonds in FeTiO_(3).

Tracking the phase transformation and microstructural evolution of Sn anode using operando synchrotron X-ray energy-dispersive diffraction and X-ray tomography

Tin(Sn)holds great promise as an anode material for next-generation lithium(Li)ion batteries but suffers from massive volume change and poor cycling performance.To clarify the dynamic chemical and microstructural evolution of Sn anode during lithiation and delithiation,synchrotron X-ray energydispersive diffraction and X-ray tomography are simultaneously employed during Li/Sn cell operation.The intermediate Li-Sn alloy phases during de/lithiation are identified,and their dynamic phase transformation is unraveled which is further correlated with the volume variation of the Sn at particle-and electrode-level.Moreover,we find that the Sn particle expansion/shrinkage induced particle displacement is anisotropic:the displacement perpendicular to the electrode surface(z-axis)is more pronounced compared to the directions(x-and y-axis)along the electrode surface.This anisotropic particle displacement leads to an anisotropic volume variation at the electrode level and eventually generates a net electrode expansion towards the separator after cycling,which could be one of the root causes of mechanical detachment and delamination of electrodes during long-term operation.The unraveled chemical evolution of Li-Sn and deep insights into the microstructural evolution of Sn anode provided here could guide future design and engineering of Sn and other alloy anodes for high energy density Li-and Na-ion batteries.

Diffraction deep neural network based orbital angular momentum mode recognition scheme in oceanic turbulence

Orbital angular momentum(OAM)has the characteristics of mutual orthogonality between modes,and has been applied to underwater wireless optical communication(UWOC)systems to increase the channel capacity.In this work,we propose a diffractive deep neural network(DDNN)based OAM mode recognition scheme,where the DDNN is trained to capture the features of the intensity distribution of the OAM modes and output the corresponding azimuthal indices and radial indices.The results show that the proposed scheme can recognize the azimuthal indices and radial indices of the OAM modes accurately and quickly.In addition,the proposed scheme can resist weak oceanic turbulence(OT),and exhibit excellent ability to recognize OAM modes in a strong OT environment.The DDNN-based OAM mode recognition scheme has potential applications in UWOC systems.

Analysis and Prediction of Effect of Turning Marks Diffraction on Image Quality of Optical System

Single-point diamond turning (SPDT) is widely used in the machining of infrared materials and metal-based mirrors. Diamond tips can scratch material, replicate the shape of the tip, and create annular turning marks on optical surfaces, which can have unpredictable adverse effects on imaging. In order to predict the effect of turning marks diffraction on the degradation of imaging quality, a model of the influence of SPDT processing parameters on the reduction of system imaging MTF under the influence of ideal grating turning marks diffraction was established. The results show that the depth of the turning mark will lead to the decline of MTF, especially the low frequency information. Finally, a method is proposed to reduce the effect of turning marks diffraction through changing the processing parameters. .

广角衍射光学元件的优化设计

为进一步研究入射角度的增大对衍射光学元件(diffractive optical element,DOE)衍射效率及微结构高度等参数的影响,分析了入射角度和周期宽度对带宽积分平均衍射效率的影响。基于扩展标量衍射理论,建立了DOE的微结构高度与入射角度和周期宽度的数学模型,提出了工作在一定入射角度范围内,基于复合带宽积分平均衍射效率(comprehensive polychromatic integral diffraction efficiency,CPIDE)最大化实现设计波长和微结构高度等结构参数的优化设计方法。以工作在红外波段的DOE为例进行分析。结果表明:当相对周期宽度为20,入射角度范围为0°~40°时,该DOE的CPIDE为94.15%,微结构高度为1.3396mm。该设计方法可以实现广角DOE的优化设计。

氟化镧铈抛光粉的焙烧制备及抛光性能研究

采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子发射光谱仪(AES)等测试技术对氟化镧铈抛光粉产物进行理化性能表征,通过无机晶体结构数据库计算产物的空间结构,用接触角测量仪、表面缺陷检测仪测定了抛光粉体的润湿性能及抛光性能。结果表明,产物均为类球状——400,500,600,700,750℃焙烧温度下得到二氧化铈(CeO_(2))和氟化镧(LaF_(3))的混合产物(CeO_(2)+LaF3);800,850,900,950,1000,1050℃焙烧温度下,产物为二氧化铈(CeO_(2))和氟氧化镧(LaOF)的混合抛光产物(CeO_(2)+LaOF),通过计算获得不同晶型的抛光产物的XRD图及其空间结构。用接触角测量仪获得500,850,1000℃焙烧温度下的产物的润湿性能,用表面缺陷检测仪对500,850,1000℃焙烧温度下的产物对玻璃表面进行抛光,发现温度为850℃的抛光效果最好。

大宝山含钨褐铁矿中钨的赋存状态与嵌布特征

通过多种分析方法,探究广东大宝山含钨褐铁矿的物相组成、元素分布等工艺矿物学特征,以揭示矿石中关键金属钨的赋存状态与嵌布特征。X射线荧光分析(XRF)、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)以及扫描电子显微镜和能谱(SEM-EDS)结果表明:矿石中主要矿物为含钨褐铁矿和石英,关键金属钨品位为1.35%。微区X射线衍射(Micro-XRD)和矿物解离度分析仪(MLA)结果表明:钨主要赋存于高铁钨华((W,Fe)(O,OH)_(3))中,而高铁钨华则以剥离和带状形式紧密分布在褐铁矿中。同时,还定量分析了有价元素在各主要矿物中的赋存和分布情况,并讨论了含钨褐铁矿风化演变和形成机制。最终提出了一种选冶联合分选回收流程,为高效回收含钨褐铁矿中关键金属钨提供理论基础。

高边缘视场光学效率的衍射波导准直投影镜头设计

随着微型发光二极管(micro-light emitting diode,Micro-LED)微型图像源被应用于增强现实(augmented reality,AR)显示技术,AR显示系统朝着超小型化方向发展。然而Micro-LED图像源发光角度大,准直投影镜头要求体积小且像质高,其产生的渐晕现象也导致视场(field of view,FOV)边缘处光学效率低、照度不均匀,这对AR光学系统设计造成了挑战。为了解决上述问题,该文基于增加计算得到的非球面场镜,设计了一种照度均匀性高、边缘视场光学效率较高的衍射光栅波导准直投影镜头。对场镜理论进行详细分析,从而确定焦距区间,最终求解其面型参数,设计出照度相对均匀的镜头。设计的新型准直投影镜头对角线FOV为41.2°,F#为1.87,调制传递函数在125 lp/mm处大于0.5。仿真结果表明,系统照度均匀性相对提高了14%,边缘FOV的光学效率相对提高了15%,具有良好的成像性能,该镜头可应用于超小型AR衍射光栅波导头戴显示系统中。

莱姆病螺旋体端粒解离酶的表达纯化及其晶体衍射分析

【目的】对莱姆病螺旋体(Borrelia burgdorferi)端粒解离酶(telomere resolvase,ResT)进行原核可溶性表达纯化,并筛选高衍射度的ResT-DNA复合物晶体,为探究ResT-DNA复合物的结构和功能奠定基础。【方法】合成pET28 b-ResT表达质粒,构建原核表达载体pSUMO-ResT,分析ResT可溶性蛋白在BL21(DE3)、BL21(DE3)pLysS、BL21 Gold(DE3)pLysS、BL21 Codon Plus(DE3)、Rosetta(DE3)和Rosetta(DE3)pLysS中的表达量,获得最优的ResT原核表达菌株。基于AlphaFold预测的ResT蛋白模型,利用定点突变及ResT可溶性蛋白表达分析,获得高效可溶性表达ResT突变体。经Ni-NTA亲和层析、HiTrap Heparin HP亲和层析及分子筛层析对ResT突变体ResT(W94H)进行蛋白纯化。利用EMAS检测ResT(W94H)与DNA的结合能力。使用蛋白晶体接种(seeding)和交叉接种(cross-seeding)方法,利用多种商业化结晶试剂盒筛选并优化ResT-DNA复合物的结晶条件,对复合物晶体进行X射线衍射分析。【结果】BL21 Gold(DE3)pLysS菌株是ResT最佳的高效可溶性表达菌株,W94H突变体比野生型具有更强的可溶性表达。获得了高纯度(95%)且高质量浓度(15 mg/mL)的ResT(W94H),其能够与底物DNA形成稳定的ResT-DNA复合物。在18℃下,ResT-DNA最佳结晶条件是:PEG3350150 g/L、二甲苯二酸钠0.1 mol/L(pH 6.6)、NaCl 0.15 mol/L,ResT-DNA晶体分辨率最高为3.52,晶体空间群为P4。【结论】得到了高纯度ResT(W94H)蛋白,获得了ResT-DNA复合物晶体。

衍射仪的机械制造误差对拟合可信度极限的影响

全谱结构拟合是获得研究对象精细结构的一种重要方法,X射线多晶衍射仪测试的角度准确度直接影响全谱结构拟合的正确性和可信度,而测角仪的机械制造误差是影响测量角度准确度不可忽视的因素。该文采用模拟计算方法对由蜗轮蜗杆系统的制造误差造成的X射线多晶衍射全谱拟合结果的可信度进行了分析,结果表明对theta-theta衍射仪而言,机械制造的角度准确度至少要达到±0.003°,拟合结果才是有可信度的,所以只有采用直接在衍射仪轴上安装有高准确度的圆光栅的方式,才能提供符合当前物质结构分析的要求。该文具体给出了圆光栅的准确度要求。

河北邢窑和定窑唐三彩烧制工艺的无损分析

研究了河北邢窑和定窑发掘出土的唐三彩样品的化学成分和物相结构。结果表明,邢窑和定窑唐三彩的胎体有不同的来源或配方;值得注意的是,邢窑唐三彩XY4样品中,存在同时施钙釉和铅釉的工艺。另一方面,邢窑和定窑唐三彩的高铅釉中,普遍存在α-石英和微量钙长石的晶相;其中定窑黄釉中存在微量莫来石(3Al_(2)O_(3)·2SiO_(2))晶相和α-Fe_(2)O_(3)晶相;定窑绿釉中存在微量的Pb_(8)Cu(Si_(2)O_(7))晶相;邢窑白釉中存在少量的钾长石(KAlSi_(3)O_(8))晶相。这些微量的晶相或是釉料本身所携带或在烧制或冷却过程中发生的复杂的物理化学变化所形成的,对了解早期唐三彩的烧制工艺和真伪识别以及墓葬出土唐三彩产地的研究具有很重要的意义。

基于矢量衍射理论的光栅干涉仪位移测量误差研究

光栅干涉仪位移测量系统作为测量领域中最精密的测量仪器之一,由于在测量过程中光栅的姿态位置无法保证完美装配,使得光栅的光栅矢量方向与运动矢量方向之间出现偏差,导致位移测量结果出现周期性非线性误差。文中针对在光栅干涉仪位移测量过程中出现的光栅与位移台以及读数头之间的姿态位置误差进行分析,通过分别建立位移坐标系及光栅坐标系,参考惯性导航领域中飞行器姿态表示方法,利用一维光栅的横滚、俯仰和偏航角共同描述一维光栅相对于位移台的装配状态。通过基于矢量衍射理论分析光栅干涉仪位移测量时三个维度的角度偏差量,对可能产生的位移测量误差进行了分析说明。基于广义一维光栅方程,探究出了一个更为普遍的结论,为后续装置的改进提供理论依据,以提高系统的测量精度。

淮南矿区张集煤矿1410(3)工作面顶板风氧化带探查与评价

工作面顶板工程地质条件对工作面支架选型、围岩稳定性评价及安全回采具有重要理论与实际意义,以淮南矿区张集煤矿1410(3)上提工作面为研究对象,基于井下钻探探查工程,采用岩心鉴定与描述、X射线衍射分析等方法,开展了工作面顶板风氧化带探查与评价,获得了工作面基岩风氧化带深度及风化程度。结果表明:工作面顶板30 m范围内岩石存在明显的风氧化现象,基岩风氧化带深度在28~35 m,基岩风氧化程度表现为中等风化-残积土,风氧化带岩石颜色以黄色为主,风化裂隙发育,岩体结构表现为块状-碎裂状-土状,岩石风化后矿物成分以高岭石、蒙脱石、伊利石及绿泥石为主,含量可达60%以上,风氧化带内岩石较正常岩石结构破碎,工程地质特性下降,研究结果可对下一步工作面顶板管理及回采上限确定提供依据和指导。

HR3C奥氏体耐热钢晶界蠕变损伤的电子背散射衍射分析

对不同条件下的HR3C奥氏体耐热钢蠕变试样进行性能测试和微观结构观察,研究奥氏体耐热不锈钢蠕变沿晶破坏行为和损伤特征。电子背散射衍射(EBSD)分析结果表明,不同蠕变速度下材料的晶粒尺寸基本不变,未产生择优取向,但高蠕变速度条件下部分孪晶界演变成一般晶界,而低蠕变速度下原始孪晶结构基本保持不变。EBSD分析结果清楚地反映了微观蠕变应变的不均匀性。沿晶微裂纹和蠕变空洞的产生和扩展是最显著的损伤特征,这些损伤现象与不同蠕变速度下的蠕变机制及晶界性质密切相关。

基于空间光调制器的艾里光束能量调制方法

艾里光束由于具有无衍射、自加速和自愈合等特性,具有重要的应用前景。本文基于空间光调制器可编程特性,提出了一种可调谐的艾里光束能量调制新方法。从理论上深入分析通过在相位图中引入一个可控的调制相位而实现了艾里光束能量调控的方法,并且量化了调制参数与能量调制范围的关系。仿真和实验结果表明通过改变调制相位可以灵活地调节光束能量分布,本文的研究有助于进一步推动艾里光束的应用。

非视距信号传播场强特性的分析与研究

为探索机场通信路径中障碍物造成非视距传播产生衍射损耗,对信号场强衰减特性进行了研究。首先,基于ITU-R P.1546中不同地形环境对信号传播的影响,结合Deygout模型构建信号场强组合模型。其次,按障碍物数量分析随障碍物高度变化的接收场强传播特性。仿真结果表明,单障碍物越高,占据0.6F1菲涅尔区越大,场强越小;双障碍物路径中,高度增加的障碍物经过由次要转为主要障碍物,直到只剩主要障碍物的过程,使场强逐渐衰减。再次,针对场强上升,分析了次要障碍物高度与0.6F1菲涅尔区的关系。最后,调整覆盖场强最小阈值,确定接收设备是否被障碍物遮挡,从而导致信号被屏蔽。上述研究结果可为未来模拟机场各场景下障碍物分布,预测接收机是否因障碍物受干扰或影响场强覆盖范围提供参考依据。