Cardiac involvement in disseminated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,successful management with chemotherapy dose reduction guided by cardiac imaging: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Secondary cardiac involvement by lymphoma has received limited attention in the medical literature, despite its grave prognosis. Although chemotherapy improves patients' survival, a subgroup of treated patients dies suddenly due to myocardial rupture following chemotherapy initiation. Reducing the initial chemotherapy dose with dose escalation to standard doses may be effective in minimizing this risk but the data are limited. We report on the successful management of a patient with disseminated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL) involving the heart using such approach.CASE SUMMARY An 18-year-old male presented to our hospital with six months history of progressive dyspnea, orthopnea and cough. On physical examination, the patient was found to have a plethoric and mildly edematous face, fixed elevation of the right internal jugular vein, suggestive of superior vena cava obstruction, and a pelvic mass. Investigations during admission including a thoracoabdominal computed tomography(CT) scan with CT guided biopsy of the pelvic mass,echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging led to the diagnosis of disseminated DLBCL with cardiac involvement. The patients were successfully treated with chemotherapy dose reduction followed by dose escalation to standard doses, under the guidance of cardiac imaging. The patient completed chemotherapy and underwent a successful bone marrow transplant. He is currently in remission and has a normal left ventricular function.CONCLUSION Imaging-guided chemotherapy dosing may minimize the risk of myocardial rupture in cardiac lymphoma. Data are limited. Management should be individualized.

New risk factors and new tendency for central nervous system relapse in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma:a retrospective study

Background: In patients with difuse large B?cell lymphoma(DLBCL), central nervous system(CNS) relapse is uncom?mon but is nearly always fatal. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for CNS relapse in DLBCL patients and to evaluate the eicacy of rituximab and intrathecal chemotherapy prophylaxis for CNS relapse reduction.Methods: A total of 511 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL treated at the Sun Yat?sen University Cancer Center between January 2003 and December 2012 were included in the study. Among these patients, 376 received R?CHOP regimen(rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) as primary treatment, and 135 received CHOP regimen(cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) as primary treatment. Intrathe?cal chemotherapy prophylaxis(methotrexate plus cytarabine) was administered to those who were deemed at high risk for CNS relapse. In the entire cohort and in the R?CHOP set in particular, the Kaplan–Meier method coupled with the log?rank test was used for univariate analysis, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis. Diferences were evaluated using a two?tailed test, and P < 0.05 was considered signiicant.Results: At a median follow?up of 46 months, 25(4.9%) patients experienced CNS relapse. There was a trend of reduced occurrence of CNS relapse in patients treated with rituximab; the 3?year cumulative CNS relapse rates were 7.1% in CHOP group and 2.7% in R?CHOP group(P = 0.045). Intrathecal chemotherapy prophylaxis did not confer much beneit in terms of preventing CNS relapse. Bone involvement [hazard ratio(HR) = 4.21, 95% conidence interval(CI) 1.38–12.77], renal involvement(HR = 3.85, 95% CI 1.05–14.19), alkaline phosphatase(ALP) >110 U/L(HR = 3.59, 95% CI 1.25–10.34), serum albumin(ALB) <35 g/L(HR = 3.63, 95% CI 1.25–10.51), treatment with rituxi?mab(HR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.12–0.96), and a time to complete remission ≤ 108 days(HR = 0.22, 95% CI 0.06–0.78) were independent predictive factors for CNS relapse in the entire cohort. Bone involvement(HR = 4.44, 95% CI 1.08–18.35), bone marrow involvement(HR = 11.70, 95% CI 2.24–60.99), and renal involvement(HR = 10.83, 95% CI 2.27–51.65) were independent risk factors for CNS relapse in the R?CHOP set.Conclusions: In the present study, rituximab decreased the CNS relapse rate of DLBCL, whereas intrathecal chemo?therapy prophylaxis alone was not suicient for preventing CNS relapse. Serum levels of ALB and ALP, and the time to complete remission were new independent predictive factors for CNS relapse in the patients with DLBCL. In the patients received R?CHOP regimen, a trend of increased CNS relapse was found to be associated with extranodal lesions.

R-CHOP regimen can significantly decrease the risk of disease relapse and progression in patients with non-germinal centerB-cell subtype diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

To further explore the role of rituximab when added to the CHOP-like regimen in the treatment of immunohistochemically defined non-germinal center B-cell subtype (non-GCB) diffuse large B-celllymphoma (DLBCL), 159 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients were studied retrospectively based on the immunohistochemical evaluation of CD10, Bcl-6, MUM-1, and Bcl-2. Altogether, 110 patients underwent the CHOP-like regimen, and rituximab was added for the other 49 patients. Cox regression analysis showed that compared with the CHOP-like regimen, the rituximab-based regimen (R-CHOP regimen)significantly decreased the risk of disease relapse and progression in CD10-negative patients (P=0.001),Bcl-6-negative patients (P=0.01), and MUM-1-positive patients (P=0.003). The risk of disease relapse in patients with non-GCB subtype (P=0.002) also decreased. In contrast, patients with the opposite immunohistochemical marker expression profile and GCB subtype did not benefit from treatment with the R-CHOP regimen. In addition, non-GCB subtype patients had a significantly higher expression rate of Bcl-2 than GCB subtype patients (P=0.042). Although univariate analysis found that both Bcl-2-positive and-negative patients had significantly higher event-free survival rates with the R-CHOP regimen, only Bcl-2 positivity (P=0.004) maintained significance in the Cox regression analysis. We conclude that the addition of rituximab can significantly improve the prognosis of patients with non-GCB subtype DLBCL, which is closely related to the expression of CD10, Bcl-6, MUM-1, and Bcl-2.

Prognostic value of ^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography using Deauville criteria in diffuse large B cell lymphoma treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Objective: High-dose chemotherapy(HDC) followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(auto-HSCT) plays an important role in improving outcomes of diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL) patients.18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose(18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography(PET)/computed tomography(CT) has been widely accepted in response assessment and prediction of prognosis in DLBCL. Here, we report the value of 18 FFDG PET/CT pre-and post-HSCT in predicting outcomes of patients with DLBCL.Methods: DLBCL patients who had PET/CT scan before and after HSCT were included. PET results were interpreted based upon Deauville criteria. The prognostic value of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in auto-HSCT was evaluated.Results: Eighty-four patients were enrolled. In univariate analysis, pre-and post-HSCT PET findings were correlated with 3-year progression-free survival(PFS) [hazard ratio(HR)=4.391, P=0.001; HR=7.607, P<0.001] and overall survival(OS)(HR=4.792, P=0.008; HR=26.138, P<0.001). Patients receiving upfront auto-HSCT after firstline treatment had better outcomes than relapsed/refractory DLBCL patients(3-year PFS, P<0.001; 3-year OS,P<0.001). In the relapsed/refractory patients, pre-and post-HSCT PET findings were also associated with 3-year PFS(P=0.003 vs. P<0.001) and OS(P=0.027 vs. P<0.001). A significant correlation was observed between clinical response to chemotherapy before auto-HSCT and outcomes of patients in the entire cohort(3-year PFS, P<0.001;3-year OS, P<0.001) and in the subgroup of 21 patients with positive pre-HSCT PET(3-year PFS, P=0.084; 3-year OS, P=0.240). A significant association between survival and post-HSCT PET findings was observed in multivariate analysis(HR=5.168, P<0.001).Conclusions: PET results before and after HSCT are useful prognostic factors for DLBCL patients receiving HSCT. Patients who responded to chemotherapy, even those with positive pre-HSCT PET, are appropriate candidates for auto-HSCT.

Clinical features, survival and prognostic factors of primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Objective： To assess the clinical features, survival and prognostic factors of primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma （DLBCL）. Methods： A retrospective study of 37 patients with primary testicular DLBCL was carried out from November 2003 to May 2012. Their clinical features, survival and prognostic factors were analyzed. Results： During a median follow-up period of 39.8 months （5.4-93.0 months）, the median progression-free survival （PFS） was 26.2 months （95% CI：0-65 months） and the 3-year overall survival （OS） rate was 78.4%. Within the whole cohort, the factors significantly associated with a superior PFS were limited stage （stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ）, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） ≤245 U/L, international prognostic index （IPI） ≤1, primary tumor diameter 〈7.5 cm, and patients who had complete response （CR） and received doxoruhicin-contained chemotherapy （P〈0.05）. There was a trend toward superior outcome for patients who received combined therapy （surgery/ chemotherapy/radiotherapy） （P=0.055）. Patients who had CR, primary tumor diameter 〈7.5 cm and IPI score ≤1 were significantly associated with longer PFS at multivariate analysis. Conclusions： Primary testicular DLBCL had poorer survival. CR, primary tumor diameter and IPI were independent prognostic factors. The combined therapy of orchectomy, doxorubicin-contained chemotherapy and contralateral testicular radiotherapy （RT） seemed to improve survival.

Germinal-center type B-cell classification and clinical characteristics of Chinese pediatric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma:a report of 76 cases

Pediatric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)is a highly aggressive disease with unique clinical characteristics.This study analyzed the germinal-center type B-cell(GCB)classification and clinical characteristics of Chinese pediatric DLBCL.A total of 76 patients with DLBCL newly diagnosed in Sun Yatsen University Cancer Center between February 2000 and May 2011,with an age younger than 18 years,were included in the analysis.The male/female ratio was 3.47:1.The median age was 12 years(range,2 to 18 years),and 47(61.8%)patients were at least 10 years old.Of the 76 patients,48(63.2%)had stage III/IV disease,9(11.8%)had bone marrow involvement,1(1.3%)had central nervous system(CNS)involvement,and 5(6.6%)had bone involvement.The GCB classification was assessed in 45 patients:26(57.8%)were classified as GCB subtype,and 19(42.2%)were classified as non-GCB subtype.The modified B-NHL-BFM-90/95 regimen was administered to 50 patients,and the 4-year event-free survival(EFS)rate was 85.8%.Among these 50 patients,31 were assessed for the GCB classification:17(54.8%)were classified as GCB subtype,with a 4-year EFS rate of 88.2%;14(45.2%)were classified as non-GCB subtype,with a 4-year EFS rate of 92.9%.Our data indicate that bone marrow involvement and stage III/IV disease are common in Chinese pediatric DLBCL patients,whereas the percentage of patients with the GCB subtype is similar to that of patients with the non-GCB subtype.The modified B-NHL-BFM-90/95protocol is an active and effective treatment protocol for Chinese pediatric patients with DLBCL.

Prognostic Significance of BCL2 Protein in Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma of Head and Neck;Relation to Response to Chemotherapy

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous disease that displays a highly variable clinical outcome. It is a neoplasm of large transformed B cells with a diffuse growth pattern. DLBCL is the most common type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) (31% of all cases). Approximately half of patients with DLBCL are cured with current chemotherapy regimens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate BCl2 expression in 45 patients diagnosed with DLBCL of head and neck region and correlate the level of its immunohistochemical expression with different clinicopathological variables with emphasis upon patients’ age, gender, nodal or extra-nodal location of lymphoma, patients’ response to chemotherapy, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). A retrospective analysis of 45 patients diagnosed to have DLBCL. A cut off value of ≥ 50% protein expression denoted BCL2 positivity. Out of 45 cases, 36 cases (80%) revealed BCL2 positive expression and 9 cases (20%) were BCL2 negative. We found statistically significant differences in BCL2 expression regarding different patients’ responses to chemotherapy, patients’ OS and PFS (p ≤ 0.05). No statistically significant differences in BCL2 expression regarding the patients’ Ann Arbor clinical stage, age group and tumor site (nodal or extra-nodal, p > 0.05) using the Chi-square test. BCL2 expression was analyzed in relation to 5 years OS and PFS using Kaplan Meier curves and Log Rank test for survival analysis. Cases that demonstrated BCL2 positivity revealed shortened OS and PFS with highly statistically significant differences among the studied variables (p = 0.000). We also found that patients who respond well to the chemotherapeutic regimen had negative BCL2 expression, the differences were statistically significant (p = 0.015). In conclusion, BCL2 expression could be considered a predictor for patients’ chemotherapeutic response, OS and PFS.

Efficacy of rituximab in gastric diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients

AIM:To evaluate retrospectively the efficacy of rituximab plus chemotherapy in gastric diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL).METHODS:Sixty patients(median age:58 years)with histologically confirmed gastric DLBCL treated at four Italian institutions between 2000 and 2007,were included in this analysis.Patients were selected by stage (Ⅰ-Ⅳ,Lugano staging system),European Cooperative Oncology Group performance status(0-2)and treatment strategies.Treatment strategies were chemotherapy alone(group A,n=30)[scheduled as cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine and prednisone (CHOP)and CHOP-like],and chemotherapy combined with rituximab(group B,n=30).The primary end point of the study was complete response(CR)rate;the secondary end points were disease-free survival (DFS)at 5 years and overall survival(OS).RESULTS:Median follow-up was 62 mo(range:31102 mo).We observed a significant difference between the two groups(A vs B)in terms of CR[76.6%(23/30) vs 100%,P=0.04)and DFS at 5 years[73.3%(22/30) vs 100%,P=0.03).To date,19 group A(63.3%) patients are alive and 11 have died,while all group B patients are alive.No significant differences in toxicity were observed between the two groups.CONCLUSION:Rituximab in combination with chemotherapy improves CR rate,DFS and OS.Further prospective trials are needed to confirm our results.

西达苯胺联合R-DHAP方案治疗复发/难治性弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤的临床疗效

【目的】探讨西达苯胺联合R-DHAP方案治疗复发/难治性弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)的临床疗效。【方法】78例复发/难治性DLBCL患者,随机分为观察组和对照组。对照组采用R-DHAP方案治疗,观察组采用西达苯胺联合R-DHAP方案治疗。比较两组肿瘤患者体力状况(ECOG)评分,临床疗效,血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)水平,药物不良反应以及无进展生存时间。【结果】治疗3个疗程后,两组ECOG评分较治疗前均降低(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的客观缓解率高于对照组(P<0.05);两组血清VEGF、β2-MG水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组和对照组患者中位无进展生存时间分别为20.60个月和15.18个月,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。【结论】西达苯胺联合R-DHAP方案治疗复发/难治性DLBCL患者能够改善临床症状,疗效确切,同时可以降低血清VEGF、β2-MG水平,延长患者生存时间,且安全可靠。

利妥昔单抗联合化疗对弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤患者CRP、TNF-α水平的影响探讨

目的探讨利妥昔单抗联合化疗对弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)患者C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平的影响。方法92例弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤患者,随机分为对照组与观察组,各46例。对照组采用单纯化疗治疗,观察组采用利妥昔单抗联合化疗治疗。对比两组患者的临床疗效、不良反应发生情况、检验指标[CRP、TNF-α、糖类抗原125(CA125)]、生活质量、免疫功能(CD^(3+)、CD^(4+)、CD^(8+)以及CD^(4+)/CD^(8+))。结果观察组总有效率为71.74%,高于对照组的50.00%(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组CRP(4.01±2.36)mg/L、TNF-α(18.54±8.32)pg/ml、CA125(26.41±2.25)U/ml均低于对照组的(6.25±2.36)mg/L、(26.93±7.25)pg/ml、(34.21±3.58)U/ml(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为21.74%,与对照组的30.43%比较不存在统计学差异(P>0.05)。治疗后,观察组的卡氏功能状态量表(KPS)评分(83.79±7.84)分高于对照组的(73.78±6.89)分,美国东部肺肿瘤协会组体力状况量表(ZPS)评分(0.93±0.27)分低于对照组的(1.43±0.31)分(P<0.05)。治疗后,相较于对照组,观察组CD^(3+)、CD^(4+)以及CD^(4+)/CD^(8+)水平均更高,CD^(8+)水平更低(P<0.05)。结论弥散大B细胞淋巴瘤患者采用利妥昔单抗联合化疗治疗能够获得更显著的疗效,可促进CRP、TNF-α、CA125水平降低,保护患者免疫功能,且有着较高的用药安全性,可以在临床推广和使用。

HCV infection, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and immunochemotherapy: Evidence and open questions

There is plenty of data confirming that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a predisposing factor for a B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) outbreak, while relatively few reports have addressed the role of HCV in affecting B-NHL patients' outcome. HCV infection may influence the short-term outcome of B-NHL because of the emergence of severe hepatic toxicity (HT) during immunochemotherapy. Furthermore, the long term outcome of HCV-related liver disease and patients' quality of life will possibly be affected by Rituximab maintenance, multiple-lines of toxicity during chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In this review, data dealing with aggressive and low-grade B-NHL were separately analyzed. The few retrospective papers reporting on aggressive B-NHL patients showed that HCV infection is a risk factor for the outbreak of severe HT during treatment. This adverse event not infrequently leads to the reduction of treatment density and intensity. Existing papers report that low-grade B-NHL patients with HCV infection may have a more widespread disease, more frequent relapses or a lower ORR compared to HCV-negative patients. Notwithstanding, there is no statistical evidence that the prognosis of HCV-positive patients is inferior to that of HCV-negative subjects. HCV-positive prospective studies and longer follow-up are necessary to ascertain if HCV-positive B-NHL patients have inferior outcomes and if there are long term sequels of immunochemotherapies on the progression of liver disease.

^(18)F-FDG PET/CT代谢参数辅助评估弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤化疗疗效

目的探讨^(18)F-FDG PET/CT代谢参数与弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)化疗疗效的相关性。方法回顾性总结2021年2月至2023年2月本院确诊DLBCL患者共78例,采用R-CHOP化疗方案。治疗前采用^(18)F-FDG PET/CT测量代谢参数包括标准摄取值的最大值(SUVmax)、峰值(SUVpeak)和平均值(SUVmean)、肿瘤代谢体积(MTV)和糖酵解总量(TLG),解剖学参数包括肿瘤位置、最大直径和AnnArbor分期。治疗4个疗程(21 d为1个疗程)后复查PET/CT,根据Lugano修订淋巴瘤疗效评价标准分为有效组62例和无效组16例,比较两组PET/CT参数。结果与无效组比较,有效组年龄和最大直径较小,改良国际预后指数(NCCN-IPI)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平较低,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期和骨髓侵犯较少;SUVmax、MTV和TLG值降低(P<0.05)。Spearman检验显示,SUVmax、MTV和TLG值与最大直径、NCCNIPI、LDH和AnnArbor分期呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。ROC计算SUVmax、MTV和TLG值预测DLBCL患者化疗疗效的AUC为0.741、0.886和0.869(P<0.001),MTV和TLG明显优于SUVmax(P<0.001),但MTV和TLG无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论^(18)F-FDG PET/CT作为DLBCL临床分期、疗效评估和预后随访的重要方法,代谢参数MTV和TLG值与化疗疗效密切相关。

^(18)F-FDG PET/CT对多系统结节病与弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤鉴别诊断的价值

目的:对比分析多系统结节病和弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)^(18)F-FDG PET/CT影像特征差异,探讨^(18)F-FDG PET/CT对二者的鉴别诊断价值。方法:选取2018年07月至2023年07月初诊于空军军医大学第二附属医院的15例结节病和39例DLBCL患者为研究对象,收集患者的临床病理资料及^(18)F-FDG PET/CT影像资料,对比分析PET/CT所示两组病变的影像特征、累及范围、受累淋巴结特征、病灶最大径和半定量参数最大标准化摄取值(maximum standardized uptake value,SUVmax)的差异。结果:结节病可见对称性累及纵隔、肺门淋巴结等特征性表现,无融合趋势,双肺/胸膜易受累。DLBCL淋巴结易融合成团,且易出现胃肠道结外侵犯。结节病组的纵隔、肺门淋巴结及双肺、胸膜的受累发生率高于DLBCL组,DLBCL易发生胃肠道累及(均P<0.05)。结节病组的淋巴结融合发生率低于DLBCL组(P<0.05),两组病变的淋巴结坏死率和钙化率差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结节病组淋巴结最大径为(2.40±0.71)cm,小于DLBCL组(6.50±2.53)cm,结节病组SUVmax为8.12±4.15,低于DLBCL组19.93±7.54(均P<0.05)。结论:^(18)F-FDG PET/CT在结节病和DLBCL鉴别诊断中有重要价值,结合特征性表现、累及部位、病灶大小、融合趋势和半定量参数SUVmax,有助于二者的鉴别。

血清胸腺活化调节趋化因子、CXC亚家族趋化因子13与弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤患者化疗疗效和预后的关系研究

目的探讨血清胸腺活化调节趋化因子(TARC)、CXC亚家族趋化因子13(CXCL13)与弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)患者化疗疗效和预后的关系。方法选取2017年1月至2020年6月该院收治的285例DLBCL患者(DLBCL组)及同期健康体检者160例(对照组)作为研究对象,DLBCL患者接受利妥昔单抗+环磷酰胺+多柔比星+长春新碱+泼尼松(R-CHOP)相关化疗方案,根据化疗效果分为有效组和无效组。比较DLBCL组与对照组、有效组与无效组血清TARC、CXCL13水平;随访统计DLBCL患者3年总生存期(OS)及无进展生存期(PFS),采用Logistic回归分析DLBCL患者预后及疾病进展的影响因素,并构建回归预测模型,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析其预测评估效能。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析不同水平血清TARC、CXCL13与DLBCL患者3年OS及PFS的关系。结果DLBCL组治疗前血清TARC、CXCL13水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。DLBCL患者化疗有效率为85.26%,无效组治疗前血清TARC、CXCL13水平高于有效组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析结果显示,Ann Arbor分期Ⅲ/Ⅳ期、TARC高表达及CXCL13高表达均是DLBCL患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。乳酸脱氢酶水平升高、TARC高表达及CXCL13高表达均是DLBCL患者疾病进展的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。以上述影响因素构建回归预测模型,ROC曲线分析显示,预测模型预测预后的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.874,预测疾病进展的AUC为0.911。TARC低表达患者的3年OS、PFS优于高表达患者(P<0.05),CXCL13低表达患者的3年OS、PFS优于高表达患者(P<0.05)。结论DLBCL患者血清TARC、CXCL13水平异常升高,血清TARC、CXCL13低表达的DLBCL患者具有更好的化疗效果及预后。包括血清TARC、CXCL13在内的多因子预测模型对DLBCL患者预后具有较高的评估效能。

18F-FDG PET/CT对初诊弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤骨髓浸润的诊断及预后评估价值

目的:评价18F-FDG PET/CT对初诊弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)骨髓浸润的诊断价值,并与骨髓活检(BMB)结果进行比较,探讨18F-FDG PET/CT诊断的骨髓浸润及其他因素是否有独立的预后预测价值。方法:纳入94例在南京医科大学附属上海一院临床医学院行PET/CT检查的初诊DLBCL患者,PET/CT检查前后2周内行骨髓活检,检查后行规范化治疗。记录各病例的PET/CT骨髓摄取表现。骨髓浸润的诊断标准为BMB阳性或影像学随访证实有PET/CT局灶性骨髓浸润灶。比较PET/CT骨髓不同摄取表现的患者临床资料差异并对照分析PET/CT与BMB诊断骨髓浸润的价值。Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线分析患者组间无进展生存期(PFS)差异,log-rank检验比较组间PFS率差异,COX回归模型分析影响PFS的独立危险因素。结果:94例DLBCL患者中,18F-FDG PET/CT表现为局灶性骨髓摄取(f PET)34例,超级骨髓摄取(s BMU)7例,高于肝实质的弥漫均匀性摄取(d PET)11例,其余42例骨髓摄取未见异常(n PET)。n PET组BMB均阴性,s BMU组BMB均阳性,而d PET、f PET组的BMB阳性率分别为27.3%(3/11)和20.6%(7/34)。d PET组的血红蛋白水平及白细胞数均显著低于n PET组(P<0.001,P=0.026)。与f PET组比较,s BMU组更易伴B症状及乳酸脱氢酶水平升高。全部患者共诊断骨髓浸润44例,其中BMB阳性17例,BMB诊断骨髓浸润的灵敏度、特异性分别为38.6%(17/44)、100%(50/50)。将f PET及s BMU作为PET骨髓浸润阳性标准,PET/CT诊断骨髓浸润的灵敏度、特异性分别为93.2%(41/44)、100%(50/50)。Kaplan-Meier分析结果显示,n PET与d PET组的2年PFS率无明显差异(P>0.05),而s BMU组的2年PFS率明显低于f PET组(P<0.001)。多因素分析显示,高分期(HR=9.010,P=0.04)及s BMU(HR=3.964,P=0.002)是影响PFS的独立危险因素。结论:DLBCL的18F-FDG PET/CT骨髓摄取增高可表现为d PET、f PET和s BMU,其中f PET和s BMU可取代骨髓活检诊断骨髓浸润,d PET虽然不完全除外骨髓浸润可能,但不影响预后,因此可诊断为骨髓浸润阴性。sBMU为独立的预后危险因素。

弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤患者预后的影响因素分析

目的:分析弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)患者预后的影响因素。方法:选取2018年1月—2021年1月凉山彝族自治州第一人民医院收治的DLBCL患者127例作为研究对象。统计患者预后结果,比较患者相关资料,分析DLBCL患者预后的影响因素。结果:随访2年,127例DLBCL患者存活92例(72.44%),死亡35例(27.56%),分别纳入存活组和死亡组。死亡组合并症>2种、结外器官受累数量≥2处、骨髓受累、Ann Arbor分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、化疗后未达完全缓解占比高于存活组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。合并症>2种、结外器官受累数量≥2处、骨髓受累、Ann Arbor分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、化疗后未达完全缓解为DLBCL患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:影响DLBCL患者预后的因素较为复杂,临床应采取针对性的应对措施改善患者预后。

EASIX在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤中的预后价值评估:一项淮海淋巴瘤协作组的多中心回顾性研究

目的探讨内皮活化和应激指数(EASIX)对初诊弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)患者预后的价值。方法选取2008年8月—2022年3月在淮海淋巴瘤协作组中6家医疗中心诊断为DLBCL的580例患者,收集临床资料进行回顾性分析。基于MaxStat统计量确定EASIX的最佳截断值。使用Cox比例风险模型进行单因素和多因素分析,确定影响DLBCL患者生存结局的变量。使用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线进行预后分析。结果580例患者中男性294例(50.7%),中位年龄(60.32±13.36)岁,总体5年OS率为56.4%。基于MaxStat统计量计算出EASIX的最佳截断值为1.17。多因素分析显示EASIX、年龄、血红蛋白、中枢累及、Ann Arbor分期是DLBCL患者的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。亚组分析结果表明,EASIX可以对BCL-2-和BCL-2+组、BCL-6-和BCL-6+组、GCB和非GCB组、ECOG PS评分<2分和≥2分组、Ann ArborⅠ/Ⅱ期和Ⅲ/Ⅳ期、IPI评分LR/LIR和HIR/HR组以及NCCN-IPI评分LR/LIR和HIR/HR组的患者进行预后再分层。结论高EASIX(>1.17)与初诊DLBCL患者的不良预后有关,且EASIX能对不同亚组的患者进行准确的预后分层。

外周血Tfh/Tfr比例及sPD-L1、PIC表达与弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤患者化疗效果的关系

目的 探讨滤泡辅助性T细胞(Tfh)/滤泡调节性T细胞(Tfr)、血清可溶性程序性死亡配体(sPD-L1)、纤溶酶α2纤溶酶抑制剂复合物(PIC)与弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)患者化疗效果的关系。方法 将2019年4月至2022年4月在周口市中心医院接受化疗治疗的106例DLBCL患者纳入本次研究,根据化疗效果分为有效组(68例)和无效组(38例)。对比两组患者初诊时的外周血Tfh/Tfr、sPD-L1、PIC及各项基础资料、病情数据,采用logistic回归模型分析影响弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤患者化疗疗效的相关因素。结果 106例患者平均化疗2个周期,其中68例患者达到化疗有效,38例患者化疗无效,化疗有效组患者的Tfh、Tfh/Tfr、sPD-L1、PIC低于无效组(P<0.05)。无效组患者乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)>350 U·L^(-1)占比、肿瘤分期Ⅲ、Ⅳ期占比、发生结节外侵犯占比、淋巴瘤国际预后指数(IPI)评分>2分占比高于有效组(P<0.05)。两组患者的美国东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)评分、EB病毒(EBV)感染率、骨髓浸润占比、结节外侵犯数量、肿瘤细胞起源情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。logistic回归模型结果显示:LDH水平>350 U·L^(-1)、肿瘤分期为Ⅲ期或Ⅳ期、IPI评分>2分、Tfh/Tfr高、sPD-L1高、PIC高是DLBCL患者化疗无效的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 LDH水平>350 U·L^(-1)、肿瘤分期为Ⅲ期或Ⅳ期、IPI评分>2分、Tfh/Tfr较高、sPD-L1较高、PIC较高是DLBCL患者化疗无效的独立危险因素。

利妥昔单抗联合化疗对弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤的效果分析及对CRP、TNF-α水平的影响评价

目的评估利妥昔单抗联合化疗应用在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)患者的效果及对C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平的影响。方法选取2018年6月—2021年6月新疆巴州人民医院收治的70例DLBCL患者为研究对象,以随机数表法分为对照组[35例,行化疗(采用CHOP方案)]、观察组(35例,行利妥昔单抗联合化疗)。评价并比较两组血清肿瘤抗原125(CA125)、CRP、TNF-α、免疫球蛋白、近期疗效、不良反应发生情况。结果治疗前,两组CA125、CRP、TNF-α、免疫球蛋白比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,观察组CA125、CRP、TNF-α、免疫球蛋白更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组客观有效率(ORR)(85.71%)高于对照组(57.14%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.000,P=0.008)。观察组不良反应发生率(28.57%)与对照组(20.00%)比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.699,P=0.403)。结论对DLBCL患者行利妥昔单抗联合化疗,不良反应少,且能提升整体疗效,降低CA125、CRP、TNF-α水平,不过可能影响免疫球蛋白水平,故临床应用利妥昔单抗时有必要监控免疫球蛋白变化情况。

原发性肠道弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤的诊治研究进展

原发性肠道弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(PI-DLBCL)临床罕见,但近年来随着病理学与分子生物学技术逐渐成熟,其发病率、诊断率亦随之升高。由于PI-DLBCL的临床症状缺乏特异性,极易误诊、漏诊,而在临床实践中,对于PI-DLBCL的最佳治疗手段目前尚无共识。为此,本文通过检索国内外最新文献资料,旨在对PI-DLBCL的致病机制、临床表现、诊断标准、治疗及预后等方面予以系统性论述和分析,以期提高血液学与肿瘤学界对罕见PI-DLBCL的认识,并为PI-DLBCL的基础研究与临床诊疗提供借鉴与参考。