InternDiffuseDet:结合可变形卷积和扩散模型的目标检测方法

针对现有目标检测中存在的漏检和误检、特征提取能力有限、处理复杂场景时检测精度不高等问题,基于DiffusionDet进行改进,提出了一种结合可变形卷积和扩散模型的目标检测方法。以模型在进入检测头之前需要更多且优质的特征图为核心思想,在主干网络中引入InternImage和DCNv3可变形卷积算子提升模型的感受野和非线性建模能力。对中间层的FPN特征金字塔进行改进,设计了一种基于选择性加权的特征金字塔CS-FPN;利用深度可分离卷积实现通道和区域的分离,同时采用CARAFE算子替代传统的上采样操作,提高分辨率和语义信息的传递;随后利用SGE注意力机制对特征图进行重组,以确保特征图在扩散的过程中保留更多的层次化信息。在特征图进入检测头之前,进行DDIM的扩散操作,获得不同时刻的特征图,以扩充检测特征图的数量。最后在目标框匹配和损失函数方面采用EIOU算法以处理目标框之间的位置偏移和尺度差异。实验数据显示,在COCO数据集和道路检测数据集上,改进后的模型在相同的实验环境下比原有模型分别提升了3.8和3.6个百分点。实验结果表明该方法在提高目标检测的准确性和鲁棒性方面具有一定的潜力,并为解决现实场景中的目标检测问题提供了新的思路和方法。

Influence of Al,Cu and Mn additions on diffusion behaviors in CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys

The interdiffusion coefficients in Al_(0.2)CoCrFeNi,CoCrCu_(0.2)FeNi,and CoCrFeMn_(0.2)Ni high-entropy alloys were efficiently determined by combining diffusion couple experiments and high-throughput determination of interdiffusion coefficients(HitDIC)software at 1273−1373 K.The results show that the addition of Al,Cu,and Mn to CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys promotes the diffusion of Co,Cr,and Fe atoms.The comparison of tracer diffusion coefficients indicates that there is no sluggish diffusion in tracer diffusion on the thermodynamic temperature scale for the present Al_(0.2)CoCrFeNi,CoCrCu_(0.2)FeNi,and CoCrFeMn_(0.2)Ni high-entropy alloys.The linear relationship between diffusion entropy and activation energy reveals that the diffusion process of atoms is unaffected by an increase in the number of components as long as the crystal structure remains unchanged.

Diffuse panbronchiolitis in children misdiagnosed as asthma: A case report

BACKGROUND Diffuse panbronchiolitis(DPB)is a rare,chronic inflammatory lung disease mar-ked by chronic cough,breathlessness,and preceding sinusitis.Symptoms often persist for years and can be misdiagnosed as asthma,particularly in children.This report describes a DPB case resolved with long-term azithromycin therapy,em-phasizing the need for a timely and accurate diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY A 12-year-old girl,diagnosed with asthma at age five and managed with inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-2 agonists,developed a history of chronic productive cough and chronic sinusitis for a year.On examination,she exhibited wheezing and coarse crackles.Despite receiving treatment for an asthma exacer-bation,her symptoms did not improve.A chest X-ray revealed reticulonodular infiltration in both lower lungs,prompting further evaluation with high-resolu-tion computed tomography(HRCT).The HRCT confirmed centrilobular nodule opacities,a'tree-in-bud'pattern,and non-tapering bronchi,suggesting DPB.Elevated cold hemagglutinin titers at 128 further supported the diagnosis.Her cough and sinusitis resolved within a month after starting azithromycin therapy,chosen for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.Follow-up HRCT scans after 1 year of continuous treatment showed complete normalization.CONCLUSION This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment in achieving favorable outcomes for DPB.

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging provides accurate staging of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, but is less preferred by patients

BACKGROUND Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging(wbMRI)allows general assessment of systemic cancers including lymphomas without radiation burden.AIM To evaluate the diagnostic performance of wbMRI in the staging of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL),determine the value of individual MRI sequences,and assess patients’concerns with wbMRI.METHODS In this single-center prospective study,adult patients newly diagnosed with systemic DLBCL underwent wbMRI on a 3T scanner[diffusion weighted images with background suppression(DWIBS),T2,short tau inversion recovery(STIR),contrast-enhanced T1]and fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG)positron emission tomo-graphy/computed tomography(PET/CT)(reference standard).The involvement of 12 nodal regions and extranodal sites was evaluated on wbMRI and PET/CT.The utility of wbMRI sequences was rated on a five-point scale(0=not useful,4=very useful).Patients received a questionnaire regarding wbMRI.RESULTS Of 60 eligible patients,14(23%)were enrolled and completed the study.The sensitivity of wbMRI in the nodal involvement(182 nodal sites)was 0.84,with 0.99 specificity,positive predictive value of 0.96,negative predictive value of 0.97,and 0.97 accuracy.PET/CT and wbMRI were concordant both in extranodal involvement(13 instances)and staging(κ=1.0).The mean scores of the utility of MRI sequences were 3.71±0.73 for DWIBS,2.64±0.84 for T1,2.14±0.77 for STIR,and 1.29±0.73 for T2(P<0.0001).Patients were mostly concerned about the enclosed environment and duration of the MRI examination(27%of patients).CONCLUSION The wbMRI exhibited excellent sensitivity and specificity in staging DLBCL.DWIBS and contrast-enhanced T1 were rated as the most useful sequences.Patients were less willing to undergo wbMRI as a second examination parallel to PET/CT,especially owing to the long duration and the enclosed environment.

Equivalent Doping Transformation Method for Predicting Breakdown Voltage and Peak Field at Breakdown of Epitaxial-Diffused Punch-Through Junction

Based on a new semi empirical analytical method, namely equivalent doping transformation, the breakdown voltage and the peak field of the epitaxial diffused punch through junction have been obtained. The basic principle of this method is introduced and a set of breakdown voltage and peak field plots are provided for the optimum design of the low voltage power devices. It shows that the analytical results coincide with the previous numerical simulation well.

GAN与Diffusion在传统纹样设计中的实验研究

传统纹样是中国优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,传统人工设计已经无法满足纹样的现代设计需求,生成式AI为传统纹样设计提供了新的设计路径和方法。文章将生成式AI应用于传统纹样设计中,通过适配实验优选基于GAN的Style GAN和基于Diffusion的Stable Diffusion两种主流图像生成模型进行实验,采用技术分析与艺术分析相结合,对实验结果进行多角度、多维度对比分析,为设计师选择生成设计方法提供参照。实验结果表明,两个模型均能满足基本的艺术设计需求。Style GAN模型生成的纹样图像更接近真实图像的分布,具有更高的图像质量和多样性;Stable Diffusion模型能较好地传承传统纹样的基因,艺术性与创造性兼具,更加符合传统纹样的艺术设计需求。

Characterization of Phosphorus Diffused ZnO Bulk Single Crystals

Phosphorus was diffused into CVT grown undoped ZnO bulk single crystals at 550 and 800℃ in a closed quartz tube. The P-diffused ZnO single crystals were characterized by the Hall effect, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, photoluminescence spectroscopy （PL）, and Raman scattering. The P-diffused ZnO single crystals are n-type and have higher free electron concentration than undoped ZnO, especially for the sample diffused at 800℃. The PL measurement reveals defect related visible broad emissions in the range of 420-550nm in the P-diffused ZnO samples. The XPS result suggests that most of the P atoms substitute in the Zn site after they diffuse into the ZnO single crystal at 550℃ ,while the P atom seems to occupy the O site in the ZnO samples diffused at 800℃. A high concentration of shallow donor defect forms in the P-diffused ZnO,resulting in an apparent increase of free electron concentration.

GLOBAL ASYMPTOTICAL PROPERTIES FOR A DIFFUSED HBV INFECTION MODEL WITH CTL IMMUNE RESPONSE AND NONLINEAR INCIDENCE

This article proposes a diffused hepatitis B virus （HBV） model with CTL immune response and nonlinear incidence for the control of viral infections. By means of different Lyapunov functions, the global asymptotical properties of the viral-free equilibrium and immune-free equilibrium of the model are obtained. Global stability of the positive equilibrium of the model is also considered. The results show that the free diffusion of the virus has no effect on the global stability of such HBV infection problem with Neumann homogeneous boundary conditions.

Corrosion Behavior of Cu/Ni Coatings on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy after Diffused Treatment

To improve the low thermal conductivities and poor wear resistances of TC4(Ti-6Al-4V)alloy,the most widely used titanium alloy,the surface of TC4 alloys is modified by electroplating deposition of Ni and Cu layers,and then heat-treated to increase the diffusivity at the interface.In this paper,the corrosion behavior of Cu/Ni coatings on TC4 alloy at different heat treatment processes was investigated in 3.5 wt%Na Cl by the electrochemical analysis,and the microstructure and composition of corrosion products was carried out to reveal the corrosion resistance mechanism of Cu/Ni coatings.It was found that the corrosion resistance was significantly influenced by heat treatment temperature.With the increasing diffusion treatment temperature from 500 to 700℃,the corrosion potential positively shifted from-330.87 to-201.14 m V,and the corrosion current density decreased from 4.02×10^-3 to 0.514×10^-3 m A/cm^2.However,when heat treatment temperature increased to 800℃,the corrosion potential negatively shifted to-207.21 m V,and the current density increased to 1.62×10^-3 m A/cm^2.The diffusion behavior of Ti,Ni and Cu elements occurred and small amounts of Ni and Ti elements appeared on the specimen surface under different heat treatment temperature.Especially heattreated at 700℃,the smaller pore size,dense Cu2O film,and highly stable Ti O and Ni O oxide layer were formed,which dramatically enhanced the corrosion resistance of Cu/Ni coatings.Finally,a novel model of corrosion resistance was proposed based on the analysis mentioned above.

Sufficiently diffused attachment of nitrogen arc by gasdynamic action

For realizing diffused anode attachment in pure nitrogen arcs, a special arc plasma generator was designed and combined with suitable working parameters such as gas flow rate and arc current. The anode has a flow-restrictor channel of 2.8 mm diameter and downstream expansion half-angle of 8°, with the purpose of creating a dispersed nitrogen-arc column by strong gasdynamic expansion effect. Results show that, when thermal blocking condition existed in the flow restrictor and the cathode cavity pressure was higher than that in the exit chamber by at least 9 kPa, the action due to gasdynamic expansion could be much stronger than the self-magnetic contraction effect of the arc and the nitrogen arc column could be effectively dispersed to form a sufficiently diffused attachment on the water-cooled anode surface.

Coercivity and microstructure of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets diffused with Pr-Co,Pr-Al,and Pr-Co-Al alloys

The commercial 42 M Nd-Fe-B magnet was treated by grain boundary diffusion(GBD)with Pr_(70)Co_(30)(PC),Pr_(70)Al_(30)(PA)and Pr_(70)Co_(15)Al_(15)(PCA)alloys,respectively.The mechanism of coercivity enhancement in the GBD magnets was investigated.The coercivity was enhanced from 1.63 T to 2.15 T in the PCA GBD magnet,higher than the 1.81 T of the PC GBD magnet and the 2.01 T of the PA GBD magnet.This indicates that the joint addition of Co and Al in the diffusion source can further improve the coercivity.Microstructural investigations show that the coercivity enhancement is mainly attributed to the exchange-decoupling of the GB phases.In the PCA GBD magnet,the wider thin GB phases can be formed and the thin GB phases can still be observed at the diffusion depth of 1500μm due to the combined action of Co and Al.At the same time,the formation of the Pr-rich shell can also be observed,which is helpful for the coercivity enhancement.

基于Stable Diffusion的虚拟人形象预设计的应用与研究

对当前AIGC在虚拟形象预设计方面的现状及影响进行了分析和探讨。以Stable Diffusion为例,详细介绍了工程构建和实现,对相关模块的作用、运行环境、使用方法及其指令等多个方面进行了综合叙述、分析和探讨,针对使用不同采样方法、不同采样参数及不同训练模型生成图片效果的优劣进行了说明及展示。随后,通过项目实例,完整地展示了人物形象预设计的过程。最后,对AIGC等新技术可能带来的社会影响进行了预测和总结。

Multi－diffused Reflection Spectroscopy of Rare Earths Doped LaOCl Powder Samples and the Calculation of Quantum Efficiency

The excitation and emission spectra, the relaxation time of principal spectral lines and multi-diffused reflection spectra in LaOCl: Er, LaOCl: Ho powder samples were measured. The diffused absorption spectrum was derived from the multi-diffused reflection spectrum. According to Judd-Ofelt theory,the intensity parameters, radiative transition probabilities and quantum efficiencies of luminescence emission were calculated. Then comparison with erbium and holmium doped floride glass and other matrices were made.

On Diffused Pollution Effect of Chemical Fertilizers in Chongqing Municipality

Improper use of chemical fertilizers is an essential reason for diffused pollution of agriculture. Therefore,finding out influence factors of farmers in application of chemical fertilizers will play a significant role in controlling the diffused pollution of agriculture. Through field survey,a total of 340 samples in 4 counties of Chongqing Municipality were obtained. On the basis of these samples,an empirical study was carried out. The study results indicate that farmers' application of chemical fertilizers is negatively correlated with farmers' age,education level,male labor proportion,and soil fertility,while the annual family income,agricultural production population proportion,commodity trading characteristics,and scientific fertilizer application ability fail to pass the significance test. These results will provide reference for proper application of chemical fertilizers and controlling diffused pollution.

Corrosion Resistivity of Albronze Treated by Surface Gas-phase RE Diffused Permeation

The effects of chemical gas-phase RE diffused permeation on the corrosion resistivity of albronze alloys were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ion probe exfoliation corrosion analysis, and scanning electron microscopy, etc. The results show that small quantity of cerium has permeated and diffused into the surface of this alloy. The potential-time curves, alternating current impedance tests and weight loss tests proved that cerium permeation can improve the corrosion resistivity of the albronze surface.

Synthesis and cercaricidal activities of a serial of novel self-diffused cercaricides derived from niphensamide

A serial of novel cercaricides that can self-diffuse on the water surface were designed and synthesized according to the special habit of cercariae larvae.These compounds were derived from niphensamide.While the compounds were dropped on the surface of water,the liquor diffused along the air-water interface and formed thin membranes floating on the water surface immediately.The strong cercaricidal activities against the cereariae larvae of Schistosome japonicum of these compounds have been revealed by further experiments.

Diffusion and reaction mechanism of limestone and quartz in fluxed iron ore pellet roasting process

The increase to the proportion of fluxed pellets in the blast furnace burden is a useful way to reduce the carbon emissions in the ironmaking process.In this study,the interaction between calcium carbonate and iron ore powder and the mineralization mechanism of fluxed iron ore pellet in the roasting process were investigated through diffusion couple experiments.Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to study the elements’diffusion and phase transformation during the roasting process.The results indicated that limestone decomposed into calcium oxide,and magnetite was oxidized to hematite at the early stage of preheating.With the increase in roasting temperature,the diffusion rate of Fe and Ca was obviously accelerated,while the diffusion rate of Si was relatively slow.The order of magnitude of interdiffusion coefficient of Fe_(2)O_(3)-CaO diffusion couple was 10^(−10) m^(2)·s^(−1) at a roasting temperature of 1200℃for 9 h.Ca_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5) was the initial product in the Fe_(2)O_(3)-CaO-SiO_(2) diffusion interface,and then Ca_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5) continued to react with Fe_(2)O_(3) to form CaFe_(2)O_(4).With the expansion of the diffusion region,the sillico-ferrite of calcium liquid phase was produced due to the melting of SiO_(2) into CaFe_(2)O_(4),which can strengthen the consolidation of fluxed pellets.Furthermore,andradite would be formed around a small part of quartz particles,which is also conducive to the consolidation of fluxed pellets.In addition,the principle diagram of limestone and quartz diffusion reaction in the process of fluxed pellet roasting was discussed.

Conductivity of (NH4)3[CrMo6O24H6]·7H2O Treated by Nd Chemistry-Heated Diffused Permeation

Rare earth co-permeation of （NH4）3[CrMo6O24H6]·7H2O was reported and the conductivity of （NH4）3[CrMo6O24H6] was improved by 6.734×10^9 times. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry （XRF）, thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis （TG-DTA）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） have been used to character （NH4）3[CrMo6O24H6]·7H2O and permeated sample. Experimental results showed that Nd could be permeated into the body of this sample and the XRD patterns showed great difference between （NH4）3[CrMo6O24H6]·7H2O and permeated sample. The structure of （NH4）3[CrMo6O24H6]·7H2O was destroyed and new compound MoN perhaps formed.

Simulation of the Ecosystem Productivity Responses to Aerosol Diffuse Radiation Fertilization Effects over the Pan-Arctic during 2001–19

The pan-Arctic is confronted with air pollution transported from lower latitudes.Observations have shown that aerosols help increase plant photosynthesis through the diffuse radiation fertilization effects(DRFEs).While such DRFEs have been explored at low to middle latitudes,the aerosol impacts on pan-Arctic ecosystems and the contributions by anthropogenic and natural emission sources remain less quantified.Here,we perform regional simulations at 0.2o×0.2ousing a well-validated vegetation model(Yale Interactive terrestrial Biosphere,YIBs)in combination with multi-source of observations to quantify the impacts of aerosol DRFEs on the net primary productivity(NPP)in the pan-Arctic during 2001-19.Results show that aerosol DRFEs increase pan-Arctic NPP by 2.19 Pg C(12.8%)yr^(-1)under clear-sky conditions,in which natural and anthropogenic sources contribute to 8.9% and 3.9%,respectively.Under all-sky conditions,such DRFEs are largely dampened by cloud to only 0.26 Pg C(1.24%)yr^(-1),with contributions of 0.65% by natural and 0.59% by anthropogenic species.Natural aerosols cause a positive NPP trend of 0.022% yr^(-1)following the increased fire activities in the pan-Arctic.In contrast,anthropogenic aerosols induce a negative trend of-0.01% yr^(-1)due to reduced emissions from the middle latitudes.Such trends in aerosol DRFEs show a turning point in the year of 2007 with more positive NPP trends by natural aerosols but negative NPP trends by anthropogenic aerosols thereafter.Though affected by modeling uncertainties,this study suggests a likely increasing impact of aerosols on terrestrial ecosystems in the pan-Arctic under global warming.

Ion and electron motions in the outer electron diffusion region of collisionless magnetic reconnection

Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are performed to study the coupling between ion and electron motions in collisionless magnetic reconnection.The electron diffusion region(EDR),where the electron motions are demagnetized,is found to have a two-layer structure:an inner EDR near the reconnection site and an outer EDR that is elongated to nearly 10 ion inertial lengths in the outflow direction.In the inner EDR,the speed of the electron outflow increases when the electrons move away from the X line.In the outer EDR,the speed of the electron outflow first increases and then decreases until the electrons reach the boundary of the outer EDR.In the boundary of the outer EDR,the magnetic field piles up and forms a depolarization front.From the perspective of the fluid,a force analysis on the formation of electron and ion outflows has also been investigated.Around the X line,the electrons are accelerated by the reconnection electric field in the out-of-plane direction.When the electrons move away from the X line,we find that the Lorentz force converts the direction of the accelerated electrons to the x direction,forming an electron outflow.Both electric field forces and electron gradient forces tend to drag the electron outflow.Ion acceleration along the x direction is caused by the Lorentz force,whereas the pressure gradient force tends to decelerate the ion outflow.Although these two terms are important,their effects on ions are almost offset.The Hall electric field force does positive work on ions and is not negligible.The ions are continuously accelerated,and the ion and electron outflow velocities are almost the same near the depolarization front.