Comparative study and analysis were undertaken by the authors on the digestive rate of animal ration’s coarse cellulose in bamboo powder+concentrates and bamboo+concentrates by man-fed Giant pandas at Fuzhou Giant Pa...Comparative study and analysis were undertaken by the authors on the digestive rate of animal ration’s coarse cellulose in bamboo powder+concentrates and bamboo+concentrates by man-fed Giant pandas at Fuzhou Giant Panda Research Center in the attempt to find out effective ways to raise the digestive and absorptive rates of coarse cellulose and to prevent giant panda from intestinal obstruction.The results demonstrate:1,The difference in digestive rate of coarse cellulose between bamboo powder+concentrates and bamboo+concentrates is extremely significant (t= 15.73>t0.01 (4,3)=3. 57). 2.The digestive rate of coarse cellulose in bamboo powder made of different bamboo species is not notably different.(F=2.05<F0.05 (2,8)=4.46) 3. In the experiment group.there exists no notable difference in digestive rate of coarse cellulose of bamboo powder among mdividuals (P<0.01 ). The experiment shows that if giant panda is fed with mechanically ground bamboo combined with concentrates of balanced nutrients,the digestive rate of coarse cellulose in the rations can be favorably increased, thus the effective utilization of bamboo as a line of the animal’s feed and the raising feeding returns can be made more effective.The effects of bamboo powder on Giant pandas digestive organs and digestive physiology,digestive rate of coarse cellulose of different bamboo species.the difference in digestive functions among individual Giant Panda needs further studies.展开更多
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimal dietary protein-to-lipid ratio for juvenile Nibea albiflora with an initial weight of(11.76 ± 0.20) g.Nine experimental diets containing different co...An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimal dietary protein-to-lipid ratio for juvenile Nibea albiflora with an initial weight of(11.76 ± 0.20) g.Nine experimental diets containing different concentrations of protein(40%,47%,or 54%) and lipids(5%,9%,or 13%) in a 3 × 3 factorial experimental design were tested in triplicate groups of fish,while the protein-to-energy(P/E) ratios of the diets varied in the range of 19.74–28.32 mg k J^(-1).Results showed that fish fed diets containing 9% or 13% lipids with 54% protein exhibited significantly higher weight gains and specific growth rates than those fed other diets.The feed conversion rate of fish fed the diet with 40% protein and 5% lipids was significantly poorer than that of fish fed other diets.The protein efficiency rate of fish fed diets with 5% lipids was significantly lower than that of fish fed 9% or 13% lipid diets.Carcass lipid and energy contents were positively correlated with dietary lipid level regardless of protein level.Fish fed a 54% protein diet showed the highest trypsin activity.The intestinal lipase activity of fish fed the diet containing 13% lipids was significantly higher than that of fish fed 5% or 9% lipid diets.These results demonstrate the high protein dietary requirements of N.albiflora.A diet containing 54% protein and 9%–13% lipids with a P/E ratio of 26.2–27.81 mg protein k J^(-1) can be considered optimal for juvenile N.albiflora.展开更多
Insects or algae are considered future solutions to substitute imported feed proteins like soybean meal (SBM) in animal nutrition. The objective of this research, as part of the multidisciplinary project “Sustainabil...Insects or algae are considered future solutions to substitute imported feed proteins like soybean meal (SBM) in animal nutrition. The objective of this research, as part of the multidisciplinary project “Sustainability transitions”, focused on replacing 50% SBM by partly defatted larvae meal from black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens) or the blue-green algae Spirulina platensis in meat type chicken diets. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects on body composition, protein quality, apparent precaecal digestibility (apcD) and parameters of intestinal microbiota. In total, 288 one-day-old male growing chickens (Ross 308) from a commercial hatchery were randomly allotted to 48 pens (6 birds per pen) across five diets, which were fed at a free choice level. The control diet utilized SBM, wheat and corn as main ingredients, and experimental diets replaced 50% of SBM by the alternative proteins under study. Amino acid (AA) supplementation of the final diets was conducted both at a basic level (diets HM, SM;Lys and Met added equal to the control diet) and an extended level of AA fortification (diets HM+, SM+;extended supplementation of Lys, Met, Thr, Arg). After finishing the growth study, 4 individual birds per diet were slaughtered for whole body analyses to derive nutrient utilization and dietary protein quality parameters. Additionally, pooled chyme samples from 16 birds per diet (control, HM and SM) were analyzed to assess apcD and microbial parameters. Diets HM and SM with a basic level of AA fortification led to significant depressions in nutrient deposition and dietary protein quality. However, HM+ and SM+ diets with an extended level of AA supplementation led to significantly improved responses;however these were still generally not on par with the control diet. The HM+ diet provided superior CP deposition and dietary protein quality, as compared to the SM+ diet, but equal to the control diet. Results of gut microbiology yielded no significant effects due to feeding the alternative protein sources under study.展开更多
The present study was conducted to estimate the optimum requirement of phosphorus in practical diets for largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides).Six iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated with the supp...The present study was conducted to estimate the optimum requirement of phosphorus in practical diets for largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides).Six iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated with the supplementation of monocalcium phosphate(MCP)of 0,5,10,15,20 and 25 g/kg in basal diet containing 350 g/kg fish meal,respectively.The digestible phosphorus of the six diets was measured as 5.7,6.7,7.8,8.7,9.3 and 10.0 g/kg,respectively.Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of 25 juvenile fish(initial body weight,16.0±0.2 g)for 60 days.The results showed that weight gain increased,and feed conversion ratio decreased with the increase of dietary phosphorus.When dietary MCP exceeded 15 g/kg(digestible phosphorus of 8.7 g/kg),the WG and FCR were maintained at the similar values.The crude ash,phosphorus and calcium contents in whole body,apparent digestibility of phosphorus and protein retention also increased with the increasing phosphorus level in diets.Vertebrae phosphorus and calcium levels and plasma phosphorus showed no further increase when dietary MCP reached 20,20 and 10 g/kg with digestible phosphorus of 9.3,9.3 and 7.8 g/kg,respectively.Broken-line analysis indicated that the digestible phosphorus requirement for largemouth bass were 8.9,8.7 and 9.6 g/kg based on weight gain,feed conversion ratio and vertebral phosphorus content.In conclusion,the supplementation of MCP in a diet containing 350 g/kg fish meal improved the growth and feed utilization of largemouth bass,and the digestible phosphorus requirement was suggested to be 8.7–8.9 g/kg with MCP supplementation of 15.0–15.8 g/kg.展开更多
文摘Comparative study and analysis were undertaken by the authors on the digestive rate of animal ration’s coarse cellulose in bamboo powder+concentrates and bamboo+concentrates by man-fed Giant pandas at Fuzhou Giant Panda Research Center in the attempt to find out effective ways to raise the digestive and absorptive rates of coarse cellulose and to prevent giant panda from intestinal obstruction.The results demonstrate:1,The difference in digestive rate of coarse cellulose between bamboo powder+concentrates and bamboo+concentrates is extremely significant (t= 15.73>t0.01 (4,3)=3. 57). 2.The digestive rate of coarse cellulose in bamboo powder made of different bamboo species is not notably different.(F=2.05<F0.05 (2,8)=4.46) 3. In the experiment group.there exists no notable difference in digestive rate of coarse cellulose of bamboo powder among mdividuals (P<0.01 ). The experiment shows that if giant panda is fed with mechanically ground bamboo combined with concentrates of balanced nutrients,the digestive rate of coarse cellulose in the rations can be favorably increased, thus the effective utilization of bamboo as a line of the animal’s feed and the raising feeding returns can be made more effective.The effects of bamboo powder on Giant pandas digestive organs and digestive physiology,digestive rate of coarse cellulose of different bamboo species.the difference in digestive functions among individual Giant Panda needs further studies.
基金supported by grants from the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41476127)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2016F50038)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of ZhouShan City(No.2015C31010)the Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Ocean Universtiy(No.2014Q1434)
文摘An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimal dietary protein-to-lipid ratio for juvenile Nibea albiflora with an initial weight of(11.76 ± 0.20) g.Nine experimental diets containing different concentrations of protein(40%,47%,or 54%) and lipids(5%,9%,or 13%) in a 3 × 3 factorial experimental design were tested in triplicate groups of fish,while the protein-to-energy(P/E) ratios of the diets varied in the range of 19.74–28.32 mg k J^(-1).Results showed that fish fed diets containing 9% or 13% lipids with 54% protein exhibited significantly higher weight gains and specific growth rates than those fed other diets.The feed conversion rate of fish fed the diet with 40% protein and 5% lipids was significantly poorer than that of fish fed other diets.The protein efficiency rate of fish fed diets with 5% lipids was significantly lower than that of fish fed 9% or 13% lipid diets.Carcass lipid and energy contents were positively correlated with dietary lipid level regardless of protein level.Fish fed a 54% protein diet showed the highest trypsin activity.The intestinal lipase activity of fish fed the diet containing 13% lipids was significantly higher than that of fish fed 5% or 9% lipid diets.These results demonstrate the high protein dietary requirements of N.albiflora.A diet containing 54% protein and 9%–13% lipids with a P/E ratio of 26.2–27.81 mg protein k J^(-1) can be considered optimal for juvenile N.albiflora.
基金supported by the Lower Saxony Ministry of Science and Culture(ZN 3041)
文摘Insects or algae are considered future solutions to substitute imported feed proteins like soybean meal (SBM) in animal nutrition. The objective of this research, as part of the multidisciplinary project “Sustainability transitions”, focused on replacing 50% SBM by partly defatted larvae meal from black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens) or the blue-green algae Spirulina platensis in meat type chicken diets. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects on body composition, protein quality, apparent precaecal digestibility (apcD) and parameters of intestinal microbiota. In total, 288 one-day-old male growing chickens (Ross 308) from a commercial hatchery were randomly allotted to 48 pens (6 birds per pen) across five diets, which were fed at a free choice level. The control diet utilized SBM, wheat and corn as main ingredients, and experimental diets replaced 50% of SBM by the alternative proteins under study. Amino acid (AA) supplementation of the final diets was conducted both at a basic level (diets HM, SM;Lys and Met added equal to the control diet) and an extended level of AA fortification (diets HM+, SM+;extended supplementation of Lys, Met, Thr, Arg). After finishing the growth study, 4 individual birds per diet were slaughtered for whole body analyses to derive nutrient utilization and dietary protein quality parameters. Additionally, pooled chyme samples from 16 birds per diet (control, HM and SM) were analyzed to assess apcD and microbial parameters. Diets HM and SM with a basic level of AA fortification led to significant depressions in nutrient deposition and dietary protein quality. However, HM+ and SM+ diets with an extended level of AA supplementation led to significantly improved responses;however these were still generally not on par with the control diet. The HM+ diet provided superior CP deposition and dietary protein quality, as compared to the SM+ diet, but equal to the control diet. Results of gut microbiology yielded no significant effects due to feeding the alternative protein sources under study.
基金Research and Supporting Platform of Efficient Aquaculture(A1-3201-19-3003).
文摘The present study was conducted to estimate the optimum requirement of phosphorus in practical diets for largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides).Six iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated with the supplementation of monocalcium phosphate(MCP)of 0,5,10,15,20 and 25 g/kg in basal diet containing 350 g/kg fish meal,respectively.The digestible phosphorus of the six diets was measured as 5.7,6.7,7.8,8.7,9.3 and 10.0 g/kg,respectively.Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of 25 juvenile fish(initial body weight,16.0±0.2 g)for 60 days.The results showed that weight gain increased,and feed conversion ratio decreased with the increase of dietary phosphorus.When dietary MCP exceeded 15 g/kg(digestible phosphorus of 8.7 g/kg),the WG and FCR were maintained at the similar values.The crude ash,phosphorus and calcium contents in whole body,apparent digestibility of phosphorus and protein retention also increased with the increasing phosphorus level in diets.Vertebrae phosphorus and calcium levels and plasma phosphorus showed no further increase when dietary MCP reached 20,20 and 10 g/kg with digestible phosphorus of 9.3,9.3 and 7.8 g/kg,respectively.Broken-line analysis indicated that the digestible phosphorus requirement for largemouth bass were 8.9,8.7 and 9.6 g/kg based on weight gain,feed conversion ratio and vertebral phosphorus content.In conclusion,the supplementation of MCP in a diet containing 350 g/kg fish meal improved the growth and feed utilization of largemouth bass,and the digestible phosphorus requirement was suggested to be 8.7–8.9 g/kg with MCP supplementation of 15.0–15.8 g/kg.
