Upper Tract Treatment of Urogenital Fistulas at the National Fistula Treatment Center (CNTF)

Introduction: Urogenital fistula is the existence of an abnormal pathway between a urinary organ and a genital organ. It is a public health problem because of its frequency and social aspect. The aim of this study was to analyse the management of urogenital fistulas by the upper route at the National Fistula Treatment Centre in N’Djamena. Material and Methods: This was a 10-year retrospective descriptive and analytical study from May 2011 to April 2021. The records of all patients who had received fistula treatment during this period were identified and analysed. Results: During the study period 2369 patients were managed for cure of urogenital fistula including 84 by the upper route, i.e. 3.5%. The mean age was 28.5 ± 8.13 years. Loss of urine was the most common reason for consultation (71.4%). Primigravida were represented in 50% (n = 42). The average gestational age was 3.2 ± 2.8 with extremes of 0 to 9 pregnancies. Obstetric aetiology was the most common (92.8%). Ureterovaginal fistulas were the most common anatomoclinical type (36.9%). Uretero-vesical reimplantation was the main surgical procedure (41.7%). Late postoperative follow-up was successful in 85.7% of cases. Conclusion: Urogenital fistulas are common in our practice. The only way to combat this scourge is through prevention through information, education and communication.

Ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract:What is the evidence in a review?

Broadly,complex fistulas are those that are not low transsphincteric or intersphincteric. The objectives of surgical management are to achieve fistula healing,prevent recurrences and maintain continence. The risk of incontinence associated with treatment ranges from10% to 57%. The objective of this manuscript is to review the current literature to date on the ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract procedure(LIFT procedure) as a treatment option in these types of fistula.A search was conducted in Medline,PUBMED,EMBASE and ISI Web of Knowledge,and studies published from January 2009 to May 2013 were included. The primary outcomes were fistula healing rates,mean healing time and patient satisfaction with this surgical technique.Eighteen studies were included in this review. The total number of patients included was 592(65% male).The median age reported was 42.8 years. The most common type of fistula included was transsphincteric(73.3% of cases). The mean healing rate reported was74.6%. The risk factors for failure discovered were obesity,smoking,multiple previous surgeries and the length of the fistula tract. The mean healing time was5.5 wk,and the mean follow-up period was 42.3 wk.The patient satisfaction rates ranged from 72% to 100%. No de novo incontinence developed secondary to the LIFT procedure. There is not enough evidence that variants in the surgical technique achieve better outcomes(Bio-LIFT,LIFT-Plug,LIFT-Plus). This review indicates that the LIFT procedure is primarily effective for transsphincteric fistulas with an overall fistula closure of 74.6% and has a low impact on fecal continence. This procedure produces better outcomes at the first surgical attempt.

Ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract and its modification: Results from treatment of complex fistula

AIM: To compare healing rates between intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) and LIFT plus partial fistulectomy procedures. METHODS: A study of complex fistula-in-ano patients was carried out from 1 st March 2010 to 31 th January 2012. All operations were done by colorectal surgeons at a referral center in a Ministry of Public Health hospital. Data collected included patients' demographic details, fistula type determined by endorectal-ultraso-nography, preoperative and postoperative continence status, previous operations, time between diagnosis of fistula-in-ano and operation, type of surgery, healing rates, recurrence rates, and types of failure examined by endorectal-ultrasosnography, re-operation in recurrence or failure cases, and complications. RESULTS: The study involved 41 patients whose average age was 40.78 ± 11.84 years (range: 21-71 years). The major fistula type was high-transsphincteric type fistula. The median follow-up period was 24 wk. The overall success rate was 83%: in the LIFT (Ligation intersphincteric fistula tract) group the success rate was 81% and in the LIFT plus (LIFT with partial coreout fistulectomy) group it was 85% (P = 0.529). The median wound-healing time was 4 wk in both groups (P = 0.262). The median time to recurrence was 12 wk. Neither group had incontinence (Wexner incontinence score-0) and the difference in healing rates between the two groups was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in results between LIFT and LIFT plus operations. The LIFT procedure is a good option for maintaining continence in management of fistula-in-ano.

Comparison between recent sphincter-sparing procedures for complex anal fistulas-ligation of intersphincteric tract vs transanal opening of intersphincteric space

Complex anal fistulas are difficult to treat.The main reasons for this are a higher recurrence rate and the risk of disrupting the continence mechanism because of sphincter involvement.Due to this,several sphincter-sparing procedures have been developed in the last two decades.Though moderately successful in simple fistulas(50%-75%healing rate),the healing rates in complex fistulas for most of these procedures has been dismal.Only two procedures,ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract and transanal opening of intersphincteric space have been shown to have good success rates in complex fistulas(60%-95%).Both of these procedures preserve continence while achieving high success rates.In this opinion review,I shall outline the history,compare the pros and cons,indications and contraindications and future application of both these procedures for the management of complex anal fistulas.

括约肌间窗式减压瘘管激光闭合术治疗经括约肌肛瘘的临床研究

目的:观察括约肌间窗式减压瘘管激光闭合术、瘘管激光闭合术与肛瘘切除术治疗经括约肌肛瘘(ParksⅡ型肛瘘)的临床疗效。方法:将2021年1月—2022年12月上海市嘉定区中医医院肛肠科收治的132例ParksⅡ型肛瘘患者,分为治疗1组(瘘管激光闭合术组)、治疗2组(括约肌间窗式减压瘘管激光闭合术组)与对照组(瘘管切除术组),每组44例。记录三组治愈时间、肛管直肠测压(治疗前、术后1个月及术后6个月)、术后症状及体征评分(手术即日、术后第1、3、7、14天对疼痛、发热、渗出、尿潴留、临床疗效及复发率进行评价。结果:治疗2组伤口愈合时间最短,对照组最长;三组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。治疗后,三组肛管收缩压及肛管静息压较治疗前均有不同程度下降;与对照组比较,治疗1组与治疗2组肛管收缩压治疗前后差值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),治疗2组与对照组肛管静息压治疗前后差值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术即日、术后第1、3、7、14天,三组发热、尿潴留评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);手术即日、术后第1、3、7天,与对照组比较,治疗1组与治疗2组渗出及疼痛评分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。三组总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后6个月,三组均无复发病例。结论:括约肌间窗式减压瘘管激光闭合术是治疗ParksⅡ型肛瘘的有效术式,具有创伤小、术后疼痛轻、渗出少、愈合时间短等优势,是一种值得临床推广的保护括约肌术式。

改进经括约肌间瘘管结扎术治疗复杂性肛瘘的临床有效性和安全性评价

目的 探讨改进经括约肌间瘘管结扎术(LIFT)治疗复杂性肛瘘的临床有效性与安全性。方法 66例复杂性肛瘘患者,采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组33例。对照组给予常规LIFT治疗,观察组给予改进LIFT治疗。比较两组患者手术相关指标,近期疗效,肛管静息压、肛管收缩压,并发症发生情况。结果 两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后创面愈合时间、术后疼痛持续时间、术后住院时间对比无明显差异(P>0.05)。观察组总有效率为93.94%,明显高于对照组的75.76%(P<0.05)。术后3个月,对照组患者肛管静息压(55.63±8.24)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)、肛管收缩压(124.32±19.35)mm Hg与观察组患者的(55.72±8.56)、(124.52±19.58)mm Hg对比无明显差异(P>0.05)。观察组并发症发生率15.15%明显低于对照组的39.39%(P<0.05)。结论 改进LIFT对于复杂性肛瘘患者的临床疗效更为显著,安全性更高,且不会对肛门功能造成影响,利于患者身体的早日恢复,值得采纳并推广。

内镜治疗消化道瘘的临床价值

目的分析、探讨食道、胃、结肠等外科术后瘘及内镜下黏膜剥离术(Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection,ESD)术后瘘的内镜下应对策略。方法回顾性选取2020年1月—2023年3月福建省漳州市第三医院外科收治的60例消化道瘘患者的临床资料,入选患者均接受内镜治疗,根据治疗方式不同分为对照组(钛夹治疗,30例)和观察组(金属架联合尼龙圈治疗,30例),比较两组手术指标、疼痛程度及安全性。结果观察组下床时间、住院时间均明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。治疗后,观察组疼痛程度评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论食道、胃、结肠等外科术后瘘及ESD术后瘘的内镜下应对策略中,选取合适的内镜下干预,效果确切,可明显改善患者疼痛程度。

经括约肌间瘘管结扎术与传统肛瘘切开术治疗低位单纯性肛瘘的临床疗效比较

目的探讨经括约肌间瘘管结扎(ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract,LIFT)术治疗低位单纯性肛瘘的临床疗效。方法选取2020年2月至2023年2月连云港市东海县中医院收治的低位单纯性肛瘘患者46例。采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各23例。对照组采用传统肛瘘切开术,观察组采用LIFT术,比较两组患者的临床疗效及术后恢复情况。结果两组患者总有效率无显著差异(P=0.310)。观察组患者创面愈合时间、住院时长均短于对照组,视觉模拟评分法评分低于对照组,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。两组患者术前肛门失禁Wexner评分无显著差异,术后1个月、术后3个月,观察组患者肛门失禁Wexner评分均较对照组低,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论LIFT术治疗低位单纯性肛瘘,能够在一定程度上减轻患者痛苦,保留患者括约肌功能,患者恢复更快。

外洗一号辅助LIFT对高位单纯性肛瘘术后康复进程的影响

目的 研究外洗一号辅助经括约肌间瘘管结扎术(LIFT)对高位单纯性肛瘘术后康复进程的影响。方法 选择我院收治的118例高位单纯性肛瘘患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组59例。两组均给予LIFT治疗,对照组术后给予常规西药治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用外洗一号辅助治疗。比较两组临床疗效、创面愈合时间、上皮生长时间、脓苔脱落时间、术后1 d、术后14 d创面疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、创面水肿评分、创面渗液量、肛肠动力学指标[肛管最大收缩压(AMCP)、直肠静息压(RRP)、肛管静息压(ARP)]、血清细胞因子[纤维连接蛋白(FN)、表皮生长因子(EGF)、8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHDG)]水平。结果 两组临床疗效比较,P<0.05;观察组创面愈合时间、上皮生长时间、脓苔脱落时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);术后14 d,观察组VAS评分、创面水肿评分及创面渗液量低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组AMCP、RRP、ARP低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组血清FN、EGF水平高于对照组,8-OHDG水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 采用外洗一号辅助LIFT治疗高位单纯性肛瘘患者可显著提高临床疗效,减轻氧化应激性损伤及疼痛,加速创面愈合,促进肛肠动力学改善。

Why do we have so much trouble treating anal fistula?

Anal fistula is among the most common illnesses affecting man.Medical literature dating back to 400 BC has discussed this problem.Various causative factors have been proposed throughout the centuries,but it appears that the majority of fistulas unrelated to specific causes (e.g.Tuberculosis,Crohn’s disease) result from infection (abscess) in anal glands extending from the intersphincteric plane to various anorectal spaces.The tubular structure of an anal fistula easily yields itself to division or unroofing (fistulotomy) or excision (fistulectomy) in most cases.The problem with this single,yet effective,treatment plan is that depending on the thickness of sphincter muscle the fistula transgresses,the patient will have varying degrees of fecal incontinence from minor to total.In an attempt to preserve continence,various procedures have been proposed to deal with the fistulas.These include: (1) simple drainage (Seton);(2) closure of fistula tract using fibrin sealant or anal fistula plug;(3) closure of primary opening using endorectal or dermal flaps,and more recently;and (4) ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT).In most complex cases (i.e.Crohn’s disease),a proximal fecal diversion offers a measure of symptom-atic relief.The fact remains that an "ideal" procedure for anal fistula remains elusive.The failure of each sphincter-preserving procedure (30%-50% recurrence) often results in multiple operations.In essence,the price of preservation of continence at all cost is multiple and often different operations,prolonged disability and disappointment for the patient and the surgeon.Nevertheless,the surgeon treating anal fistulas on an occasional basis should never hesitate in referring the patient to a specialist.Conversely,an expert colorectal surgeon must be familiar with many different operations in order to selectively tailor an operation to the individual patient.

PERFACT procedure to treat supralevator fistula-in-ano: A novel single stage sphincter sparing procedure

AIM: To prospectively perform the PERFACT procedure in supralevator anal fistula/abscess.METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging was done preoperatively in all the patients. Proximal cauterization around the internal opening, emptying regularly of fistula tracts and curettage of tracts(PERFACT) was done in all patients with supralevator fistula or abscess. All types of anal fistula and/or abscess with supralevator extension, whether intersphincteric or transsphincteric, were included in the study. The internal opening along with the adjacent mucosa was electrocauterized. The resulting wound was left open to heal by secondary intention so as to heal(close) the internal opening by granulation tissue. The supralevator tract/abscess was drained and thoroughly curetted. It was regularly cleaned and kept empty in the postoperative period. The primary outcome parameter was complete fistula healing. The secondary outcome parameters were return to work and change in incontinence scores(Vaizey objective scoring system) assessed preoperatively and at 3 mo after surgery.RESULTS: Seventeen patients were prospectively enrolled and followed for a median of 13 mo(range 5-21 mo). Mean age was 41.1 ± 13.4 years, M:F-15:2. Fourteen(82.4%) had a recurrent fistula, 8(47.1%) had an associated abscess, 14(82.4%) had multiple tracts and 5(29.4%) had horseshoe fistulae. Infralevator part of fistula was intersphincteric in 4 and transsphincteric in 13 patients. Two patients were excluded. Eleven out of fifteen(73.3%) were cured and 26.7%(4/15) had a recurrence. Two patients with recurrence were reoperated on with the same procedure and one was cured. Thus, the overall healing rate was 80%(12/15). All the patients could resume normal work within 48 h of surgery. There was no deterioration in incontinence scores(Vaizey objective scoring system). This is the largest series of supralevator fistula-in-ano(SLF) published to date. CONCLUSION: PERFACT procedure is an effective single step sphincter saving procedure to treat SLF with minimal risk of incontinence.

Current management of cryptoglandular fistula-in-ano

Fistula-in-ano is a difficult problem that physicians have struggled with for centuries.Appropriate treatment is based on 3 central tenets: (1) control of sepsis;(2) closure of the fistula;and (3) maintenance of continence.Treatment options continue to evolve-as a result,it is important to review old and new options on a regular basis to ensure that our patients are provided with up to date information and options.This paper will briefly cover some of the traditional approaches that have been used as well as some newer promising procedures.

透析病人动静脉内瘘近端静脉流出道狭窄的发生率及影响因素分析

目的:了解维持性血液透析(MHD)病人动静脉内瘘(AVF)近端静脉流出道狭窄发生率,并分析相关影响因素。方法:选取2021年1月—2021年10月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院血液净化中心的123例门诊MHD病人为研究对象,收集使用AVF病人的相关临床资料。结果:MHD病人AVF近端静脉流出道狭窄发生率为25.20%(31/123)。单因素分析结果显示,AVF使用时间、肱动脉流量是MHD病人AVF近端静脉流出道狭窄的影响因素(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,肱动脉流量是MHD病人AVF近端静脉流出道狭窄的影响因素[OR=7.692,95%CI(2.884,20.512),P<0.001]。结论:肱动脉流量是影响MHD病人AVF近端静脉流出道狭窄的主要因素。临床中在AVF使用期间应定期对病人肱动脉流量进行监测,制订针对性的干预措施,以预防AVF近端静脉流出道狭窄发生。

流出道重建治疗透析内瘘并发“胸廓出口综合征”1例

因人胸廓出口处的解剖结构特殊,锁骨下静脉易受到锁骨、第一肋骨、斜角肌、锁骨下肌和肋锁韧带等结构的压迫,产生机械性狭窄,长期压迫可能引起静脉内膜损伤及进行性增生,加重狭窄继发血栓形成,产生一系列临床症状。而自体动静脉内瘘(autologous arteriovenous fistula, AVF)的建立会使静脉血流量增加、刺激静脉内膜增生从而加速原有狭窄的进展。

经直肠推移瓣术联合括约肌间瘘结扎术治疗高位单纯型肛瘘的临床疗效观察

目的探讨经直肠推移瓣术(endorectal advancement flap,ERAF)联合括约肌间瘘结扎术(ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract,LIFT)治疗高位单纯型肛瘘的临床疗效。方法选取2022年3—9月北京市肛肠医院(北京市二龙路医院)高位单纯型肛瘘住院患者84例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组42例。观察组采用ERAF联合LIFT,对照组采用传统切除挂线术。比较治疗后两组视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、临床疗效及并发症情况。结果84例患者中,男58例、女26例,年龄27~59岁,平均(32.6±6.8)岁。观察组术后第1天、第3天、第7天的VAS低于对照组[(5.24±1.08)分比(7.19±1.35)分,(4.76±1.11)分比(6.21±1.09)分,(2.34±0.54)分比(2.98±0.61)分],出血量、住院时间及伤口愈合时间低于对照组[(7.83±1.62)ml比(12.66±2.46)ml,(3.75±1.66)d比(4.55±1.71)d,(28.15±8.65)d比(39.12±10.23)d],术后2个月Wexner评分及肛管收缩压低于对照组[(3.28±0.63)分比(4.46±0.75)分,(178.49±8.82)mmHg比(186.22±10.29)mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa],肛管静息压高于对照组[(45.88±2.87)mmHg比(43.85±1.74)mmHg],并发症发生率低于对照组(11.90%比33.33%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组手术时间的比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论相较于传统肛瘘切除挂线术,ERAF联合LIFT具有患者出血量少、痛苦小、病程短、恢复快等优点,值得临床推广。

食管癌切除术后并发消化道-呼吸道瘘的临床特征及预后分析

目的 分析食管癌术后并发消化道-呼吸道瘘的原因,总结其诊断、治疗、预防的方法。方法 回顾性分析2010年12月至2020年12月我院胸外科行手术治疗同时并发消化道-呼吸道瘘的食管患者临床特征、治疗手段和预后状态。结果 共收集32例消化道-呼吸道瘘,其中30例与消化道瘘相关,2例为气管切开时的机械损伤。32例中,14例瘘口愈合,平均愈合时间(3.15±1.90)个月。32例中24例经保守治疗,9例愈合;6例行支架封堵,4例愈合;2例行手术治疗,1例愈合;患者1年内死亡率为50%,中位生存时间为(9.50±2.14)个月。结论 术中气管损伤、术后气管插管、长时间机械通气、消化道瘘等是发生消化道-呼吸道瘘的重要原因;患者早期死亡原因为肺部感染与呼吸衰竭,晚期死亡原因主要为肿瘤复发;食管或气管支架可能在消化道-呼吸道瘘的治疗中更具有优势。

经括约肌间瘘管结扎术联合直肠推移瓣术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘的可行性研究

目的评价经括约肌间瘘管结扎术(ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract,LIFT)联合直肠推移瓣术(endorectal advancement flap,ERAF)治疗高位复杂性肛瘘的临床疗效。方法2016年8月~2021年12月我院收治的高位复杂性肛瘘病人40例,根据抽签法随机分成试验组和对照组,每组各20例。试验组采用LITF+ERAF,对照组采用LIFT,随访6~12个月,比较其临床疗效,比较创面愈合时间、治愈率、术后第1天疼痛程度、肛门功能和复发率。结果两组术后第1天疼痛程度、创面愈合时间、治愈率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术前、创面愈合后、术后6个月的Wexner肛门失禁评分、肛管静息压和肛管最大收缩压比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组创面愈合后、术后6个月的肛管静息压和肛管最大收缩压分别与其自身术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访6~12个月,试验组无复发,对照组复发3例,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论LITF联合ERAF疗效好、痛苦小、病程短、术后复发率低、肛门功能影响小。

括约肌间瘘管结扎术联合瘘管隧道式切除术治疗低位肛瘘患者的效果

目的:观察括约肌间瘘管结扎术联合瘘管隧道式切除术治疗低位肛瘘患者的效果。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年12月该院收治的80例低位肛瘘患者的临床资料,依据治疗方法不同将其分为对照组和观察组各40例。对照组采用瘘管切开术治疗,观察组采用括约肌间瘘管结扎术联合瘘管隧道式切除术治疗。比较两组临床相关指标[创面愈合时间、住院时间、术后肛门疼痛程度(视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分)]水平,手术前后肛门失禁Wexner评分和术后并发症发生率。结果:观察组创面愈合时间、住院时间均短于对照组,VSA评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1、3个月,观察组肛门失禁Wexner评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术后并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:括约肌间瘘管结扎术联合瘘管隧道式切除术治疗低位肛瘘患者可缩短创面愈合时间和住院时间,降低术后VAS评分和肛门失禁Wexner评分,其效果优于瘘管切开术治疗。

兔管状肠外瘘模型的建立

目的旨在构建兔管状肠外瘘动物模型。方法采用随机数表法将12只雄性新西兰大白兔分为两组:实验组8只,开腹后于回肠末端沿长轴造成一0.5 cm切口并留置T管,T管自腹壁斜形切口穿出后固定于腹壁外侧;对照组4只,行剖腹探查手术。术中、术后给予抗生素预防感染,术后禁食3 d,不禁水。记录各组存活率、手术时间、评估窦道形成情况、14 d后检测血清指标以及大体形态变化,同时,取瘘口周围组织观察其组织学的变化。结果对照组和实验组的存活率分别为100%、85.7%。实验组的手术时间为(36.9±3.8)min,实验组和对照组术后14 d的血清总蛋白、血清白蛋白及血糖差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组腹壁瘘口已形成与消化道相通的稳定窦道,肠管与腹膜紧密相连,窦道周围组织存在有明显的炎症反应。结论可成功构建管状肠外瘘兔动物模型。

重症急性胰腺炎合并消化道瘘16例

目的:探讨重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)合并消化道瘘的危险因素、临床诊治经验,其目的提高SAP治愈率,降低消化道瘘的发生率及病死率.方法:对2006-01/2011-08我科收治的16例SAP合并消化道瘘的临床资料进行回顾性研究,分析其发生的高危因素、发生部位、时间及对机体的影响,并对其临床诊断和治疗进行总结.结果:本组16例中结肠瘘6例,占37.5%(6/16),十二指肠瘘5例,占31.25%(5/16),胃瘘3例,占18.75(3/16),十二指肠瘘+结肠瘘1例,占6.25(1/16),十二指肠瘘+小肠瘘1例,占6.25(1/16);消化道瘘发生的时间多在SAP术后3-9wk内,16例均有胰外侵犯(胰腺假性囊肿1例,假性囊肿合并感染出血4例,胰周脓肿5例,合并胰腺坏死2例,细菌合并真菌感染3例),16例均经引流管造影确诊;早期手术2例(<2wk),晚期手术14例(>2wk);术中均放置引流管(2-11不等)且术后行冲洗引流,放置时间均>2wk;15例术中预防性行胃空肠造瘘并早期恢复肠内营养.本组治愈14例,治愈率为87.5%(14/16),因十二指肠瘘合并腹腔大出血自行放弃治疗1例,因结肠瘘合并全身感染并多发脏器功能衰竭而死亡1例.结论:SAP合并消化道瘘与胰液腐蚀、感染、手术时机及方式、引流管数量、位置、放置时间、早期恢复肠内营养等相关;经引流管及窦道造影检查是诊断消化道瘘的一种简便可靠的方法;防治的重点在于有效选择手术方式如微创并建立充分有效的引流,同时早期建立肠内营养支持治疗并积极控制感染.