Digitalization’s Effects on Income Growth and Distribution-Evidence from the CHDES Database

Using the CHDES database,we created the CIDI to comprehensively quantify digital adoption at the individual level and examine digitalization’s impact on individual income.Empirical analysis results indicate that increasing the CIDI by one standard deviation(0.13)improves individual income by 5.93 percentage points,which remains true after a series of endogeneity and robustness tests.In the heterogeneity analysis,we discovered that when digital adoption grows,residents in the countryside and county seats can earn more money through internet business operations and other channels.This helps to decrease the urban-rural income divide,but it has also pushed those digitally skilled into high-paying sectors,widening the income gaps between sectors.In the mechanism analysis,we developed an income function that takes into account the individual level of digitalization to show that digitalization can boost income by increasing working hours or labor participation and adjusting the portfolio of individual material,human,and social capital.In this paper,we have expanded the system for measuring the individual levels of digitalization by offering basic data,research methodology,and policy suggestions for the digital economy’s inclusive development.

High-Quality Development in China-Arab Digital Economy Cooperation:Opportunities,Challenges and Prospect

As the world undergoes a digital transformation,China-Arab cooperation in the digital economy has become a pivotal area of international engagement.This article explores the opportunities,challenges,and prospects of this cooperation,with a particular focus on the Digital Silk Road initiative under the Belt and Road framework.The study highlights the synergies between China’s technological advancements and the digital strategies of Arab countries,examining progress in key areas such as cooperation mechanisms,digital infrastructure,and cross-border e-commerce.Moreover,it identifies significant challenges,including the digital divide and talent shortages,and proposes strategies to enhance China-Arab digital economy cooperation.These strategies include improving digital infrastructure,growing digital talent cultivation,and developing smart city initiatives alongside expanding cross-border e-commerce,all aimed at fostering sustainable and mutually beneficial outcomes.

Technological Innovation and Development of the Publishing Industry: The Challenging Digital Transformation of Publishing Houses in Cameroon

In the digital age, performance-oriented publishing houses utilize digital tools to optimize their editorial activities. This optimization affects both editorial practices and products in terms of content and form. These products, now accessible through various media, bring significant changes, while the editorial function undergoes a metamorphosis due to digital exposure. In Cameroon, the book sector is predominantly focused on school textbooks, a legacy from the colonial period. This study investigates the impact of technological innovation on Cameroonian publishing by examining the processes of content selection, legitimization, and dissemination in the digital age. Using the sociology of technology as a framework, we hypothesize an interrelationship between the dominance of textbook publishing and the delayed digital transformation of publishing houses in Cameroon. To explore this hypothesis, we conducted direct observations, interviews with key industry stakeholders, and an extensive analysis of digital adoption metrics within the publishing sector. Our research reveals that the historical focus on educational publishing has created structural and cultural barriers to embracing digital innovations. Moreover, limited infrastructure and a lack of digital literacy among publishing professionals further hinder the transition. Despite these challenges, there are emerging opportunities for digital transformation, particularly in diversifying content and expanding access through digital platforms. Our findings indicate that a strategic shift towards embracing digital tools and improving infrastructure could significantly enhance the efficiency and reach of Cameroonian publishing houses. By addressing the specific challenges identified in our study, the industry can leverage digital technologies to foster a more inclusive, dynamic, and resilient publishing environment. This study provides a detailed examination of the specificities of digital transformation in Cameroonian publishing, offering insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders aiming to promote technological innovation in the sector.

Does digitalization mitigate regional inequalities?Evidence from China

Regional inequality significantly influences sustainable development and human well-being.In China,there exists pronounced regional disparities in economic and digital advancements;however,scant research delves into the interplay between them.By analyzing the economic development and digitalization gaps at regional and city levels in China,extending the original Cobb-Douglas production function,this study aims to evaluate the impact of digitalization on China's regional inequality using seemingly unrelated regression.The results indicate a greater emphasis on digital inequality compared to economic disparity,with variable coefficients of 0.59 for GDP per capita and 0.92 for the digitalization index over the past four years.However,GDP per capita demonstrates higher spatial concentration than digitalization.Notably,both disparities have shown a gradual reduction in recent years.The southeastern region of the Hu Huanyong Line exhibits superior levels and rates of economic and digital advancement in contrast to the northwestern region.While digitalization propels economic growth,it yields a nuanced impact on achieving balanced regional development,encompassing both positive and negative facets.Our study highlights that the marginal utility of advancing digitalization is more pronounced in less developed regions,but only if the government invests in the digital infrastructure and education in these areas.This study's methodology can be utilized for subsequent research,and our findings hold the potential to the government's regional investment and policy-making.

Comprehensive Survey of the Landscape of Digital Twin Technologies and Their Diverse Applications

The concept of the digital twin,also known colloquially as the DT,is a fundamental principle within Industry 4.0 framework.In recent years,the concept of digital siblings has generated considerable academic and practical interest.However,academia and industry have used a variety of interpretations,and the scientific literature lacks a unified and consistent definition of this term.The purpose of this study is to systematically examine the definitional landscape of the digital twin concept as outlined in scholarly literature,beginning with its origins in the aerospace domain and extending to its contemporary interpretations in the manufacturing industry.Notably,this investigationwill focus on the research conducted on Industry 4.0 and smartmanufacturing,elucidating the diverse applications of digital twins in fields including aerospace,intelligentmanufacturing,intelligent transportation,and intelligent cities,among others.

From Digital Human Modeling to Human Digital Twin: Framework and Perspectives in Human Factors

The human digital twin(HDT)emerges as a promising human-centric technology in Industry 5.0,but challenges remain in human modeling and simulation.Digital human modeling(DHM)provides solutions for modeling and simulating human physical and cognitive aspects to support ergonomic analysis.However,it has limitations in real-time data usage,personalized services,and timely interaction.The emerging HDT concept offers new possibilities by integrating multi-source data and artificial intelligence for continuous monitoring and assessment.Hence,this paper reviews the evolution from DHM to HDT and proposes a unified HDT framework from a human factors perspective.The framework comprises the physical twin,the virtual twin,and the linkage between these two.The virtual twin integrates human modeling and AI engines to enable model-data-hybrid-enabled simulation.HDT can potentially upgrade traditional ergonomic methods to intelligent services through real-time analysis,timely feedback,and bidirectional interactions.Finally,the future perspectives of HDT for industrial applications as well as technical and social challenges are discussed.In general,this study outlines a human factors perspective on HDT for the first time,which is useful for cross-disciplinary research and human factors innovation to enhance the development of HDT in industry.

Paths to Enhance Teacher Digital Literacy Under Educational Digital Transformation in China

In the context of the digital transformation of education in the new era,digital literacy for teachers is a new requirement for professional development.Teacher digital literacy encompasses four main aspects:attitudinal literacy,knowledge and skills literacy,instructional application literacy,and innovation and development literacy.Currently,there are several issues with teacher digital literacy,such as a lack of digital responsibility,insufficient digital knowledge and skills,weak digital application skills,and low digital innovation capability.Enhancing teachers’digital literacy is a complex and critical task.Based on the current state of teachers’digital literacy,this paper proposes the following approaches:(1)adherence to digital norms;(2)development of a robust training mechanism;(3)improvement of the evaluation system;(4)strengthening of digital innovation.

Analysis of Mobile and Internet Network Coverage: Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves and Concept of Digital Divide in Burundi

Mobile and Internet network coverage plays an important role in digital transformation and the exploitation of new services. The evolution of mobile networks from the first generation (1G) to the 5th generation is still a long process. 2G networks have developed the messaging service, which complements the already operational voice service. 2G technology has rapidly progressed to the third generation (3G), incorporating multimedia data transmission techniques. It then progressed to fourth generation (4G) and LTE (Long Term Evolution), increasing the transmission speed to improve 3G. Currently, developed countries have already moved to 5G. In developing countries, including Burundi, a member of the East African Community (ECA) where more than 80% are connected to 2G technologies, 40% are connected to the 3G network and 25% to the 4G network and are not yet connected to the 5G network and then still a process. The objective of this article is to analyze the coverage of 2G, 3G and 4G networks in Burundi. This analysis will make it possible to identify possible deficits in order to reduce the digital divide between connected urban areas and remote rural areas. Furthermore, this analysis will draw the attention of decision-makers to the need to deploy networks and coverage to allow the population to access mobile and Internet services and thus enable the digitalization of the population. Finally, this article shows the level of coverage, the digital divide and an overview of the deployment of base stations (BTS) throughout the country to promote the transformation and digital inclusion of services.

The Logic of Digital Finance in the Age of Digital Economy

This paper explores the development logic,trends,and challenges of digital finance in the era of the digital economy.As a crucial component of the digital economy,digital finance has completely transformed the traditional financial services model through factors such as technological innovation,data intelligence,and personalized user experiences,paving the way for new business models and market opportunities.However,the rapid development of digital finance also faces challenges such as competition,security,and regulation.This paper emphasizes the importance of finding a balance between innovation and security in the development of digital finance and discusses the potential of digital finance in promoting financial inclusion and sustainable development.Through comprehensive analysis,this paper aims to provide valuable insights for academic researchers and industry practitioners,promoting the healthy development of digital finance.

An Analysis of Digital Finance in Promoting the Development of New Quality Productivity

As a product of the deep integration of financial technology and the digital economy,digital finance plays a significant role in promoting the development of new quality productivity.This paper first elaborates on the connotations of new quality productivity and digital finance and analyzes the mechanisms by which digital finance promotes the development of new quality productivity from both theoretical and practical perspectives.The aim is to explore the value digital finance brings to the development of new quality productivity,along with the challenges it faces,in order to propose corresponding policy recommendations.

Alexa,let's train now!——A systematic review and classification approach to digital and home-based physical training interventions aiming to support healthy cognitive aging

Background:There is mounting evidence that regular physical activity is an important prerequisite for healthy cognitive aging.Consequently,the finding that almost one-third of the adult population does not reach the recommended level of regular physical activity calls for further public health actions.In this context,digital and home-based physical training interventions might be a promising alternative to center-based intervention programs.Thus,this systematic review aimed to summarize the current state of the literature on the effects of digital and home-based physical training interventions on adult cognitive performance.Methods:In this pre-registered systematic review(PROSPERO;ID:CRD42022320031),5 electronic databases(PubMed,Web of Science,Psyclnfo,SPORTDiscus,and Cochrane Library)were searched by 2 independent researchers(FH and PT)to identify eligible studies investigating the effects of digital and home-based physical training interventions on cognitive performance in adults.The systematic literature search yielded 8258 records(extra17 records from other sources),of which 27 controlled trials were considered relevant.Two reviewers(FH and PT)independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise(TESTEX scale).Results:Of the 27 reviewed studies,15 reported positive effects on cognitive and motor-cognitive outcomes(i.e.,performance improvements in measures of executive functions,working memory,and choice stepping reaction test),and a considerable heterogeneity concerning study-related,population-related,and intervention-related characteristics was noticed.A more detailed analysis suggests that,in particular,interventions using online classes and technology-based exercise devices(i.e.,step-based exergames)can improve cognitive performance in healthy older adults.Approximately one-half of the reviewed studies were rated as having a high risk of bias with respect to completion adherence(≤85%)and monitoring of the level of regular physical activity in the control group.Conclusion:The current state of evidence concerning the effectiveness of digital and home-based physical training interventions is mixed overall,though there is limited evidence that specific types of digital and home-based physical training interventions(e.g.,online classes and step-based exergames)can be an effective strategy for improving cognitive performance in older adults.However,due to the limited number of available studies,future high-quality studies are needed to buttress this assumption empirically and to allow for more solid and nuanced conclusions.

Digital signal acquisition system for complex nuclear reaction experiments

A digital data-acquisition system based on XIA LLC products was used in a complex nuclear reaction experiment using radioactive ion beams.A flexible trigger system based on a field-programmable gate array(FPGA)parametrization was developed to adapt to different experimental sizes.A user-friendly interface was implemented,which allows converting script language expressions into FPGA internal control parameters.The proposed digital system can be combined with a conventional analog data acquisition system to provide more flexibility.The performance of the combined system was veri-fied using experimental data.

Natural Disaster Risk Monitoring for Immovable Cultural Relics Based on Digital Twin

Natural disaster risk monitoring is an important task for disaster prevention and reduction.In the case of immovable cultural relics,however,the feedback mechanism,risk factors,monitoring logic,and monitoring indicators of natural disaster risk monitoring are complex.How to achieve intelligent perception and monitoring of natural disaster risk for immovable cultural relics has always been a focus and a challenge for researchers.Based on the analysis of the concepts and issues related to the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics,this paper proposes a framework for natural disaster risk monitoring for immovable cultural relics based on the digital twin.This framework focuses on risk monitoring,including the physical entities of natural disaster risk for immovable cultural relics,monitoring indicators,and virtual entity construction.A platform for monitoring the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics is proposed.Using the Puzhou Ancient City Site as a test bed,the proposed concept can be used for monitoring the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics at different scales.

基于GS1 Digital Link的Web编码构建与案例应用

为探索GS1 Digital Link技术在产品物流中的应用潜力,分析研究了GS1系统和GS1 Digital Link的基本结构、编码特点以及技术优势,充分利用GS1 Digital Link技术可以为产品从源头到零售整个物流过程提供相关对象的Web地址编码的特点,以鲜活大闸蟹物流过程为例,构建了基于GS1 Digital Link的鲜活大闸蟹Web编码,为实现产品营销与追溯提供了标准化、动态化、多样化的编码数据支撑。

Correction of microwave pulse reflection by digital filters in superconducting quantum circuits

Reducing the control error is vital for high-fidelity digital and analog quantum operations.In superconducting circuits,one disagreeable error arises from the reflection of microwave signals due to impedance mismatch in the control chain.Here,we demonstrate a reflection cancelation method when considering that there are two reflection nodes on the control line.We propose to generate the pre-distortion pulse by passing the envelopes of the microwave signal through digital filters,which enables real-time reflection correction when integrated into the field-programmable gate array(FPGA).We achieve a reduction of single-qubit gate infidelity from 0.67%to 0.11%after eliminating microwave reflection.Real-time correction of microwave reflection paves the way for precise control and manipulation of the qubit state and would ultimately enhance the performance of algorithms and simulations executed on quantum processors.

Recent progress in visualization and digitization of coherent transformation structures and application in high-strength steel

High-strength steels are mainly composed of medium-or low-temperature microstructures,such as bainite or martensite,with coherent transformation characteristics.This type of microstructure has a high density of dislocations and fine crystallographic structural units,which ease the coordinated matching of high strength,toughness,and plasticity.Meanwhile,given its excellent welding perform-ance,high-strength steel has been widely used in major engineering constructions,such as pipelines,ships,and bridges.However,visual-ization and digitization of the effective units of these coherent transformation structures using traditional methods(optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy)is difficult due to their complex morphology.Moreover,the establishment of quantitative relationships with macroscopic mechanical properties and key process parameters presents additional difficulty.This article reviews the latest progress in microstructural visualization and digitization of high-strength steel,with a focus on the application of crystallographic methods in the development of high-strength steel plates and welding.We obtained the crystallographic data(Euler angle)of the transformed microstruc-tures through electron back-scattering diffraction and combined them with the calculation of inverse transformation from bainite or martensite to austenite to determine the reconstruction of high-temperature parent austenite and orientation relationship(OR)during con-tinuous cooling transformation.Furthermore,visualization of crystallographic packets,blocks,and variants based on actual OR and digit-ization of various grain boundaries can be effectively completed to establish quantitative relationships with alloy composition and key process parameters,thereby providing reverse design guidance for the development of high-strength steel.

Semantic Consistency and Correctness Verification of Digital Traffic Rules

The consensus of the automotive industry and traffic management authorities is that autonomous vehicles must follow the same traffic laws as human drivers.Using formal or digital methods,natural language traffic rules can be translated into machine language and used by autonomous vehicles.In this paper,a translation flow is designed.Beyond the translation,a deeper examination is required,because the semantics of natural languages are rich and complex,and frequently contain hidden assumptions.The issue of how to ensure that digital rules are accurate and consistent with the original intent of the traffic rules they represent is both significant and unresolved.In response,we propose a method of formal verification that combines equivalence verification with model checking.Reasonable and reassuring digital traffic rules can be obtained by utilizing the proposed traffic rule digitization flow and verification method.In addition,we offer a number of simulation applications that employ digital traffic rules to assess vehicle violations.The experimental findings indicate that our digital rules utilizing metric temporal logic(MTL)can be easily incorporated into simulation platforms and autonomous driving systems(ADS).

Digital Twin Modeling Enabled Machine Tool Intelligence:A Review

Machine tools,often referred to as the“mother machines”of the manufacturing industry,are crucial in developing smart manufacturing and are increasingly becoming more intelligent.Digital twin technology can promote machine tool intelligence and has attracted considerable research interest.However,there is a lack of clear and systematic analyses on how the digital twin technology enables machine tool intelligence.Herein,digital twin modeling was identified as an enabling technology for machine tool intelligence based on a comparative study of the characteristics of machine tool intelligence and digital twin.The review then delves into state-of-the-art digital twin modelingenabled machine tool intelligence,examining it from the aspects of data-based modeling and mechanism-data dual-driven modeling.Additionally,it highlights three bottleneck issues facing the field.Considering these problems,the architecture of a digital twin machine tool(DTMT)is proposed,and three key technologies are expounded in detail:Data perception and fusion technology,mechanism-data-knowledge hybrid-driven digital twin modeling and virtual-real synchronization technology,and dynamic optimization and collaborative control technology for multilevel parameters.Finally,future research directions for the DTMT are discussed.This work can provide a foundation basis for the research and implementation of digital-twin modeling-enabled machine tool intelligence,making it significant for developing intelligent machine tools.

Authenticated Digital Currency Redaction with Stronger Privacy and Usability

With the promotion of digital currency,how to effectively solve the authenticity,privacy and usability of digital currency issuance has been a key problem.Redactable signature scheme(RSS)can provide the verification of the integrity and source of the generated sub-documents and solve the privacy problem in digital currency by removing blocks from the signed documents.Unfortunately,it has not realized the consolidation of signed documents,which can not solve the problem of merging two digital currencies.Now,we introduce the concept of weight based on the threshold secret sharing scheme(TSSS)and present a redactable signature scheme with merge algorithm(RSS-MA)using the quasi-commutative accumulator.Our scheme can reduce the communication overhead by utilizing the merge algorithm when transmitting multiple digital currency signatures.Furthermore,this can effectively hide the scale of users’private monetary assets and the number of transactions between users.While meeting the three properties of digital currency issuance,in order to ensure the availability of digital currency after redacting,editors shall not remove the relevant identification information block form digital currency.Finally,our security proof and the analysis of efficiency show that RSS-MA greatly improves the communication and computation efficiency when transmitting multiple signatures.

Digital twin driven and intelligence enabled content delivery in end-edge-cloud collaborative 5G networks

The rapid development of 5G/6G and AI enables an environment of Internet of Everything(IoE)which can support millions of connected mobile devices and applications to operate smoothly at high speed and low delay.However,these massive devices will lead to explosive traffic growth,which in turn cause great burden for the data transmission and content delivery.This challenge can be eased by sinking some critical content from cloud to edge.In this case,how to determine the critical content,where to sink and how to access the content correctly and efficiently become new challenges.This work focuses on establishing a highly efficient content delivery framework in the IoE environment.In particular,the IoE environment is re-constructed as an end-edge-cloud collaborative system,in which the concept of digital twin is applied to promote the collaboration.Based on the digital asset obtained by digital twin from end users,a content popularity prediction scheme is firstly proposed to decide the critical content by using the Temporal Pattern Attention(TPA)enabled Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)model.Then,the prediction results are input for the proposed caching scheme to decide where to sink the critical content by using the Reinforce Learning(RL)technology.Finally,a collaborative routing scheme is proposed to determine the way to access the content with the objective of minimizing overhead.The experimental results indicate that the proposed schemes outperform the state-of-the-art benchmarks in terms of the caching hit rate,the average throughput,the successful content delivery rate and the average routing overhead.