Experimental investigation of interface curing stresses between PMMA and composite using digital speckle correlation method

This paper studies the interface curing stresses between polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and composite by means of digital speckle correlation method (DSCM).A new method by combining DSCM with the marker points is developed to measure the interface curing stresses,and the measurement principle is introduced.The interface curing stresses between PMMA and composite with different curing bonding conditions are measured and analyzed,this indicates that the residual stress for furnace heating and furnace cooling is the smallest.Finally,the measurement error is discussed by means of finite element method,the influences of glass microsphere between adhesive and PMMA can be ignored.

A smartcard conditional access interface scheme for conditional access subsystem separation in digital TV broadcasting

Conditional access system (CAS) is a key technical component in digital TV broadcasting through which TV op-erators manage the appropriate rights of different subscribers in order to protect their commercial benefits. The normal digital TV receiver can only receive and decode the pay TV programs scrambled by one specific CAS. In this paper, the authors proposed a smartcard conditional access interface (SCAI) scheme in order to make the digital TV receiver be a common receiving platform independent of any specific CAS employed at the broadcasting head-end. As a result, it only needs to include a common condi-tional access software package (CCAP) without any requirement of hardware modification in the receiver. Comparison between the two mentioned DVB-CI-based schemes showed that the cost of such kind receiver is greatly reduced. The main design points of the proposed scheme and its reference implementation’s architecture are presented in this paper. This scheme is also one of the candidate national standards for Chinese digital TV broadcasting industry.

Interface Design Of Digital Platform For Bio Signal Processing

Bio-sensor arrays for multi-channel recording have been developed recently and signal processing platforms for those signals have been studied actively.But it’s thereal situation which these technologies are generally developed and studied respectively.So the interface design between recording array and signal processing platform is also an important issue to make bio-sensor signal processing system.In this paper,we proposed interface which has unique protocols to control sensor array and operate platform.There are two types of protocols in the interface.One is between sensor array and MCU in platform and the other is between MCU and board for wireless communication.Basically,each protocol has two kinds of modes(single,frame)and it can be extended if needed.

Optimization of Baosteel's digital automatic analysis technique for maceral specification

Baosteel developed a digital automatic analysis technique for maceral specification in 2002. This analysis system combines digital image processing, graphics, databases, expert systems, artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies. After 6 years of application in coke production, the system proved itself successful in coal quality testing and coal blending guidance on maceral. However,during this long process, some inadequacies were found that impacted the precision and accuracy of the analysis. So ,in 2008 Baosteel began to work on improving the coal maceral analysis system. The improvements included the following：further upgrading and enhancing the analysis performance of microscopic images ;extending the gray levels to increase the reflectance measurement accuracy 64 times;changing the focus method and effectively eliminating the interference of halo. In addition, an improved image recognition method was adopted to make the extraction of vitrinite more accurate and a new model of coal constituent algorithm was added which can accurately determine the composition of maceral （exinite, vitrinite,inertinite）. Since these improvements were completed, the system has achieved higher automation, speed and accuracy, collected more information and performed more accurate maceral analysis for coke production. Meanwhile, the improved system has provided a reliable analytical basis for the further study on the relationship between coke quality and coal blending.

Thioacetamide Additive Homogenizing Zn Deposition Revealed by In Situ Digital Holography for Advanced Zn Ion Batteries

Zinc ion batteries are considered as potential energy storage devices due to their advantages of low-cost,high-safety,and high theoretical capacity.However,dendrite growth and chemical corrosion occurring on Zn anode limit their commercialization.These problems can be tackled through the optimization of the electrolyte.However,the screening of electrolyte additives using normal electrochemical methods is time-consuming and labor-intensive.Herein,a fast and simple method based on the digital holography is developed.It can realize the in situ monitoring of electrode/electrolyte interface and provide direct information concerning ion concentration evolution of the diffusion layer.It is effective and time-saving in estimating the homogeneity of the deposition layer and predicting the tendency of dendrite growth,thus able to value the applicability of electrolyte additives.The feasibility of this method is further validated by the forecast and evaluation of thioacetamide additive.Based on systematic characterization,it is proved that the introduction of thioacetamide can not only regulate the interficial ion flux to induce dendrite-free Zn deposition,but also construct adsorption molecule layers to inhibit side reactions of Zn anode.Being easy to operate,capable of in situ observation,and able to endure harsh conditions,digital holography method will be a promising approach for the interfacial investigation of other battery systems.

随机生成粗糙度的岩石-混凝土界面破坏特性研究

岩石-混凝土界面是工程结构的薄弱环节,对结构整体的强度和稳定性有重要影响。为反映岩-混界面天然粗糙状态,基于内聚力模型(cohesive zone model,简称CZM),建立了具有随机生成粗糙界面的岩石-混凝土复合巴西圆盘试件数值模型,通过不同加载角度下的巴西劈裂物理试验验证了该方法的可靠性,并探究了界面粗糙度、加载角度对试件峰值荷载和破坏特征的影响。结果表明:不同加载角度下,试件存在3种典型破坏模式:界面黏结破坏、复合破坏、双材料拉伸开裂破坏;加载角度对试件力学行为的影响以70°为界,加载角度小于70°时影响显著,大于70°后影响不显著;界面粗糙度的影响随加载角度的不同有较大差异,当加载角度在15°~65°范围内,提高界面粗糙度可显著提高试件峰值荷载,增强岩-混结构的承载能力;界面处应力状态的差异决定了试件破坏模式的不同,但粗糙的界面可以增强混凝土与岩石之间的黏结和互锁效应,对试件破坏模式产生影响。研究结果将加深对岩石-混凝土界面破坏机制的认识,对工程建设具有指导意义。

数字时代老字号企业如何进行价值创造?——基于组织模块化视角的案例研究

数字技术蓬勃发展给老字号企业的价值创造活动带来了机会和挑战。通过对宏济堂的探索性案例研究,基于组织模块化视角揭示数字化时代老字号企业如何进行价值创造的研究发现:(1)存在两种不同形式的价值创造机制,其中组织内部模块化的价值创造以价值链重塑为基础,呈现横向文化价值、信息结构优化的界面联结和纵向理念融合、价值创新的界面联结,并运用了心理、结构和资源赋能的数字化赋能机制;组织外部模块化则以价值网络形成与拓展为基础,呈现文化共建、协同创新的界面联结,并运用了结构和资源赋能的数字化赋能机制。(2)老字号企业的价值创造是组织内外部模块化过程中文化和创新双融的联结结果,是从紧密耦合、非耦合向松散耦合的演化过程。这对老字号企业创新价值创造模式、打造竞争优势具有借鉴意义。

发酵乳中活性益生菌三重数字PCR定量检测方法的建立

益生菌发酵乳是益生菌市场发展的重要赛道,精确定量产品中活性益生菌对保障其营养功能至关重要。文章以嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)和动物双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium animalis)为研究对象,采用种特异性引物和探针,结合叠氮溴化丙锭(propidium monoazide,PMA)染色,基于芯片式数字PCR技术建立了发酵乳中活性益生菌的三重定量检测方法。结果表明,3组引物和探针均能特异性扩增目标菌株,无交叉反应,且20μg/mL的PMA能够有效抑制嗜酸乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌和动物双歧杆菌死菌DNA的扩增。该检测方法对嗜酸乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌和动物双歧杆菌的灵敏度分别为1.65、2.20、2.16 copies/μL,重复性检测的相对标准偏差为1.52%~8.69%,成功实现了对发酵乳中3种常见益生菌的活菌定量检测。为益生菌发酵乳中活菌检测的标准化提供了技术支持和科学依据。

Secure Digital Card(SD卡)与LPC2210的接口设计

本文基于一款ARM7芯片LPC2210实现对SD卡数据存储,并使用RAM作为数据的暂存区,当达到一个块的大小即512字节时,一次存入SD卡。首先对SD卡的特点作了简单的介绍,然后从接口设计和软件两个方面予以说明。

基于USB接口的5G数据转接卡设计与实现

为了解决5G模块在工业控制和物联网领域接口应用复杂性的问题,对5G通信模块接口的硬件设计和基于Linux操作系统的通用串行总线(USB)协议进行了深入研究。设计了基于USB接口的5G数据转接卡方案。为应对5G模块高速、大数据的通信特点,采用高性能ARM-CortexA7系列芯片和国产自主知识产权的5G通信模块进行硬件设计。为解决应用软件接口的兼容性问题,采用基于Linux操作系统的远程网络驱动接口规范(RNDIS)通信协议进行软件设计。测试结果表明,转接卡可以通过USB接口适配其他物联网设备,上、下行速率满足工业控制对数据传输的要求。该方案验证了USB通信接口与5G模块数据转接的可行性,为5G数据转接卡设计提供参考。该方案有助于推动5G通信在工业控制和物联网领域的应用。

脑机接口技术对教育话语建构的影响和应对

脑机接口技术会对教育话语建构产生革命性影响。理想状态下的脑机接口技术可以改变师生间的交往形式,使教育话语呈现的符号形态精准生动、空间模态立体灵活、效度样态清晰直观。然而,脑机接口技术介入教育话语建构会在一定程度上引发教育、安全、政治、技术等风险,需从制度保障、伦理规范、技术调适、主体澄清四个层面入手,推动两者深度融合,达到话语建构提质增效的目的。

Perspective on the critical role of interface for advanced batteries

As an efficient and environmental friendly energy storage system, lithium battery has been integrated into daily mobile life [1].Lithium batteries are becoming indispensable to all types of electronic products such as laptop computers, mobile phones, digital cameras [2]. A typical lithium battery consists of positive electrode(cathode), negative electrode(anode), electrolyte and other inactive materials(binder, conductive agent, separator) [3].

THE SCHEME FOR THE DATABASE BUILDING AND UPDATING OF 1∶10 000 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS

The National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping of China has planned to speed up the development of spatial data infrastructure (SDI) in the coming few years.This SDI consists of four types of digital products,i.e.,digital orthophotos,digital elevation models, digital line graphs and digital raster graphs.For the DEM,a scheme for the database building and updating of 1∶10 000 digital elevation models has been proposed and some experimental tests have also been accomplished.This paper describes the theoretical (and/or technical) background and reports some of the experimental results to support the scheme.Various aspects of the scheme such as accuracy,data sources,data sampling,spatial resolution,terrain modeling,data organization,etc are discussed.

Establishment and Application of Digital RT-PCR Assay for Detection of Avian Influenza Virus H9 Subtype

A digital RT-PCR method for rapid detection of H9 subtype influenza was established by comparing the two methods of digital RT-PCR and real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of the two methods for H9 were determined by gradient dilution using the same pair of primers and probes. Both methods were able to detect 104 times diluted H9 pathogens, while digital RT-PCR could detect H9 in single droplets, and its sensitivity was higher than real-time quantitative RT-PCR. At the same time, the specificities of both methods were very strong, with no amplification reactions for H3N2, H4N2, H6N2. The reproducibility of the two methods were also good. Digital RT-PCR has a higher sensitivity than real-time quantitative RT-PCR and could play an important role in the rapid detection of H9 subtype influenza virus.

A nomogram based on age, prostate-specific antigen level, prostate volume and digital rectal examination for predicting risk of prostate cancer

Nomograms for predicting the risk of prostate cancer developed using other populations may introduce sizable bias when applied to a Chinese cohort. In the present study, we sought to develop a nomogram for predicting the probability of a positive initial prostate biopsy in a Chinese population. A total of 535 Chinese men who underwent a prostatic biopsy for the detection of prostate cancer in the past decade with complete biopsy data were included. Stepwise logistic regression was used to determine the independent predictors of a positive initial biopsy. Age, prostate-specific antigen （PSA）, prostate volume （PV）, digital rectal examination （DRE） status, % free PSA and transrectal ultrasound （TRUS） findings were included in the analysis. A nomogram model was developed that was based on these independent predictors to calculate the probability of a positive initial prostate biopsy. A receiver-operating characteristic curve was used to assess the accuracy of using the nomogram and PSA levels alone for predicting positive prostate biopsy. The rate for positive initial prostate biopsy was 41.7% （223/535）. The independent variables used to predict a positive initial prostate biopsy were age, PSA, PV and DRE status. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for a positive initial prostate biopsy for PSA alone and the nomogram were 79.7% and 84.8%, respectively. Our results indicate that the risk of a positive initial prostate biopsy can be predicted to a satisfactory level in a Chinese population using our nomogram. The nomogram can be used to identify and counsel patients who should consider a prostate biopsy, ultimately enhancing accuracy in diagnosing prostate cancer.

Digital Problems and Strategies of Partial Revision in Overall Plan of Land Use

The technical route of partial revision in overall plan of land use is briefly described.It is pointed out that problems of area measuring in the technical route are mainly due to the digital process.The digital problems of partial revision in overall plan of land use are presented as follows:the maps are not proofread before digitalization;the coordinate matching and projection transformation are not conducted on the maps;the information is asymmetrical pre and post the digitalization;the location lacks precision;the result maps are substandard.The causes of these problems are analyzed,which cover the following aspects.The lack of united management regulations;uneven working abilities of the staff in the compilation units;unawareness of the importance of map digilalization;poor basic conclitions of the original plan maps.At last,the relevant suggestions are put forward,for instance,releasing the national united management methods and technical criteria,establishing industrial admittance system and qualification system of complication units,setting up the mechanism of supervising digitalized results and controlling the quality,conducting coordinate matching and projection transformation and unifying the specification and mode of the results of maps so as to provide technical support for the overall plan of land use,play the micro-regulating role of land use and take a leading role in the sustainable development of social economy.

The Performance of Abnormal Digital Rectal Examination for the Detection of Prostate Cancer at Stratified Prostate Specific Antigen Levels

Objective: Our aim was to determine the performance of abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) in prostate cancer detection at different PSA levels. Methods: A total of 1612 patients having abnormal DRE and/or elevated PSA whom underwent TRUS guided prostate biopsies were included in the study. Any palpable induration or nodularity was accepted as abnormal DRE findings. Pathologic features of biopsy specimens were compared within groups according to DRE findings and serum PSA level groups of 2.5 - 4, 4 - 10 and >10 ng/ml. Results: Abnormal DRE was detected in 339 patients;of whom 48.7% were determined to have cancer. Cancer detection rates of patients having abnormal DRE were found to be 20%, 31.5% and 68% at PSA ranges 2.5-4, 4-10 and > 10 ng/ml, respectively. Significantly higher grade cancers were detected by abnormal DRE at each PSA group. The positive and negative predictive values of abnormal DRE according to groups of PSA 2.5 - 4, 4 - 10 and > 10 ng/ml were 20% and 84.1%, 31.5% and 80.6%, 68% and 66.6%, respectively. Conclusion: At each PSA group DRE resulted in detecting significantly more cancers with Gleason score > 7. Although predictive value of abnormal DRE diminishes with concomitantly decreasing PSA levels, significance of DRE in the diagnosis of prostate cancer cannot be ignored.

Contemporary outcomes in the detection of prostate cancer using transrectal ultrasound-guided 12-core biopsy in Singaporean men with elevated prostate specific antigen and/or abnormal digital rectal examination

Objective:Despite being the third commonest cancer in Singaporean men,there is a dearth of basic data on the detection rate of prostate cancer and post-procedure complication rates locally using systematic 12-core biopsy.Our objective is to evaluate prostate cancer detection rates using 12-core prostate biopsy based on serum prostate specific antigen(PSA)levels and digital rectal examination(DRE)findings in Singaporean men presenting to a single tertiary centre.The secondary objective is to evaluate the complication rates of transrectal prostate biopsies.Methods:We retrospectively examined 804 men who underwent first transrectal-ultrasound(TRUS)guided 12-core prostate biopsies from January 2012 to April 2014.Prostate biopsies were performed on men presenting to a tertiary institution when their PSA levels were
4.0 ng/mL and/or when they had suspicious DRE findings.Results:Overall prostate cancer detection rate was 35.1%.Regardless of DRE findings,patients were divided into four subgroups based on their serum PSA levels:0e3.99 ng/mL,4.00 e9.99 ng/mL,10.00e19.99 ng/mL and
20.00 ng/mL and their detection rates were 9.5%,20.9%,38.4% and 72.3%,respectively.The detection rate of cancer based on suspicious DRE findings alone was 59.2% compared to 36.5% based on serum PSA cut-off of 4.0 ng/mL alone.The post-biopsy admission rate for sepsis was 1.5%.Conclusion:In conclusion,using contemporary 12-core biopsy methods,the local prostate cancer detection rate based on serum PSA and DRE findings has increased over the past decade presumably due to multiple genetic and environmental factors.Post-biopsy sepsis remains an important complication worldwide.

The Reproduction of Chinese Painting in the Digital Age

This paper investigates the reproduction of Chinese painting in the digital age. In particular, how does a website asan interface influence viewers’ response to a Chinese handscroll? The paper begins with a critical description of aweb interface of Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, followed by an analysis of the originalpainting. Fishermen on an Autumn River, that the interface digitizes and displays. The last section points out theinfluence of digitization on the relationship between viewers and digital heritage.

The User Interfaces Transition Diagram-Editor: A Tool to Simplify User-System Interaction Modeling

The User Interface Transition Diagram (UITD) is a formal modeling notation that simplifies the specification and design of user-system interactions. It is a valuable communication tool for technical and non-technical stakeholders during the requirements elicitation phase, as it provides a simple yet technically complete notation that is easy to understand. In this paper, we investigated the efficiency of creating UITDs using draw.io, a widely used diagramming software, compared to a dedicated UITD editor. We conducted a study to compare the time required to use each tool to complete the task of creating a medium size UITD, as well as the subjective ease of use and satisfaction of participants with the dedicated Editor. Our results show that the UITD editor is more efficient and preferred by participants, highlighting the importance of using specialized tools for creating formal models such as UITDs. The findings of this study have implications for software developers, designers, and other stakeholders involved in the specification and design of user-system interactions.