Assessment and Visualization of Ki67 Heterogeneity in Breast Cancers through Digital Image Analysis

The Ki67 index (KI) is a standard clinical marker for tumor proliferation;however, its application is hindered by intratumoral heterogeneity. In this study, we used digital image analysis to comprehensively analyze Ki67 heterogeneity and distribution patterns in breast carcinoma. Using Smart Pathology software, we digitized and analyzed 42 excised breast carcinoma Ki67 slides. Boxplots, histograms, and heat maps were generated to illustrate the KI distribution. We found that 30% of cases (13/42) exhibited discrepancies between global and hotspot KI when using a 14% KI threshold for classification. Patients with higher global or hotspot KI values displayed greater heterogenicity. Ki67 distribution patterns were categorized as randomly distributed (52%, 22/42), peripheral (43%, 18/42), and centered (5%, 2/42). Our sampling simulator indicated analyzing more than 10 high-power fields was typically required to accurately estimate global KI, with sampling size being correlated with heterogeneity. In conclusion, using digital image analysis in whole-slide images allows for comprehensive Ki67 profile assessment, shedding light on heterogeneity and distribution patterns. This spatial information can facilitate KI surveys of breast cancer and other malignancies.

Single-element Anomaly Mapping from Stream Sediment Geochemical Landscapes Aided by Digital Terrain Analysis

The identification of anomalies within stream sediment geochemical data is one of the fastest developing areas in mineral exploration.The various means used to achieve this objective make use of either continuous or discrete field models of stream sediment geochemical data.To map anomalies in a discrete field model of such data,two corrections are required:background correction and downstream dilution correction.Topography and geomorphology are important factors in variations of element content in stream sediments.However,few studies have considered,through the use of digital terrain analysis,the influence of geomorphic features in downstream dilution correction of stream sediment geochemical data.This study proposes and demonstrates an improvement to the traditional downstream dilution correction equation,based on the use of digital terrain analysis to map single-element anomalies in stream sediment geochemical landscapes.Moreover,this study compares the results of analyses using discrete and continuous field models of stream sediment geochemical data from the Xincang area,Tibet.The efficiency of the proposed methodology was validated against known mineral occurrences.The results indicate that catchment-based analysis outperforms interpolation-based analysis of stream sediment geochemical data for anomaly mapping.Meanwhile,the proposed modified downstream dilution correction equation proved more effective than the original equation.However,further testing of this modified downstream dilution correction is needed in other areas,in order to investigate its efficiency further.

Study on Futon Patterns in Mural of Buddhist Temple in Wutai Mountain under Digital Vision

Dao Xuan’s Gantonglu records:“About fifteen kilometers down from the southeast of the Wutai Mountain,there is the ancient Dafu Lingjiu Temple,and there are two Taoist temples in the east and west,where Buddhist matters are fulfilled.According to ancient legend,it was made by Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty”(Daoxuan,Tang Dynasty,p.257).It can be seen that Buddhism has been introduced into Wutai Mountain since the Eastern Han Dynasty,and Buddhist temple murals have been painted on the walls of temples with the introduction of Buddhism,playing the role of spreading scriptures and decorating the walls.The pattern of Buddha’s futon base in the murals reflects the worship and rank differences of Buddhist monks in different periods.As a medium of meditation and worship,futuan is also a ritual instrument in Buddhist legend,which is of great significance.The research on the style of futon from the perspective of the frescoes in the temple of Wutai Mountain mainly focuses on the historical evolution of the frescoes and futon,the research and analysis of the base shape,pattern,composition and color of the futon in the frescoes of the temple.Explore the religious significance and historical and cultural value behind the futon style.

Collagen proportionate area of liver tissue determined by digital image analysis in patients with HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis

BACKGROUND: The accurate assessment of the degree of hepatic fibrosis plays a critical role in guiding the diagnosis, treatment and prognostic assessment of chronic liver diseases. Liver biopsy is currently the most reliable method to evaluate the severity of hepatic fibrosis. However, liver biopsy is an invasive procedure associated with morbidity and mortality, and has several limitations in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. There is no report on the collagen proportionate area (CPA) of liver tissue in the decompensated stage of cirrhosis. This study aimed to determine the CPA of resected liver tissue samples from patients with HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis using digital image analysis, and to analyze the relationship between the CPA and liver functional reserve. METHODS: Fifty-three resected liver tissue samples from liver transplant patients with chronic hepatitis B-induced decompensated cirrhosis were stained with Masson’s trichrome, and the CPA in these samples was quantitatively determined using digital image analysis. The values of relevant liver function just before liver transplantation, the CPA in liver tissue, and their correlation were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean CPA at the decompensated stage of cirrhosis was 35.93±14.42% (11.24%-63.41%). The correlation coefficients of the CPA with a model for end-stage liver disease score, serum total bilirubin and international standard ratio of prothrombin B were 0.553, 0.519 and 0.533, respectively (P<0.001). With increasing CPA values, the three indices reflecting liver functional reserve also changed significantly.CONCLUSIONS: The degree of fibrosis may be correlated with the functional reserve. With the advancement of fibrosis, the liver functional reserve is attenuated accordingly.

DIGITAL IMAGE ANALYSIS OF PHASE STRUCTURE IN THE BLEND OF POLY(BUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE-COCAPROLACTONE) WITH POLYCARBONATE

The digital image processing technique was used for the extraction of physical information from the temporal image of phase structure in the process of phase separation in the blend of poly (butylene terephthalate-co-caprolactone )with polycarbonate. The power spectrum images of the two-dimensional Fourier transformation (2DFT) of the temporal image of phase structure reflect the change of the phase size with time.

Analysis of Shoreline Changes in Ikoli River in Niger Delta Region Yenagoa,Bayelsa State Using Digital Shoreline Analysis System(DSAS)

The use of Digital Shoreline Analysis System was used to determine shoreline changes in Ikoli River,Yenagoa,Bayelsa State.Shoreline data were extracted from satellite imagery over thirty years(1991-2021).The basis of this study is to use Digital Shoreline Analysis System to determine erosion and accretion areas.The result reveals that the average erosion rate in the study area is 1.16 m/year and the accretion rate is 1.62 m/year along the Ikoli River in Ogbogoro Community in Yenagoa,Bayelsa State.The mean shoreline length is 5.24 km with a baseline length of 5.2 km and the area is classified into four zones to delineate properly area of erosion and accretion based on the five class of Linear regression rate,endpoint rate and weighted linear rate of which zone Ⅰ contain very high erosion and high erosion with an area of landmass 255449.93 m^(2) of 38%,zone Ⅱ contain moderate accretion,very high accretion and high accretion with a land area of 1666816.46 m^(2) with 24%,zone Ⅲ has very high erosion and high erosion with an area of landmass 241610.85 m^(2) of 34% and zone Ⅳ contain moderate accretion and high accretion with land area 30888.08 m^(2) with 4%.Out of the four zones,zone Ⅰ and Ⅱ were found to be eroding with 72% and zone Ⅱ and Ⅳ contain accretion with 28%.The result shows that 44% of the area have been eroded.Therefore,coastal engineers,planners,and shoreline zone management authorities can use DSAS to create more appropriate management plans and regulations for coastal zones and other coastal parts of the state with similar geographic features.

Changes in filtration and capacitance properties of highly porous reservoir in underground gas storage:CT-based and geomechanical modeling

The paper presents the results of comprehensive studies of filtration and capacitance properties of highly porous reservoir rocks of the aquifer of an underground gas storage facility.The geomechanical part of the research included studying the dependence of rock permeability on the stress-strain state in the vicinity of the wells,and physical modeling of the implementation of the method of increasing the permeability of the wellbore zone-the method of directional unloading of the reservoir.The digital part of the research included computed tomography(CT)-based computer analysis of the internal structure,pore space characteristics,and filtration properties before and after the tests.According to the results of physical modeling of deformation and filtration processes,it is found that the permeability of rocks before fracture depends on the stress-strain state insignificantly,and this influence is reversible.However,when downhole pressure reaches 7-8 MPa,macrocracks in the rock begin to grow,accompanied by irreversible permeability increase.Porosity,geodesic tortuosity and permeability values were obtained based on digital studies and numerical modeling.A weak degree of transversal anisotropy of the filtration properties of rocks was detected.Based on the analysis of pore size distribution,pressure field and flow velocities,high homogeneity and connectivity of the rock pore space is shown.The absence of pronounced changes in pore space characteristics and pore permeability after non-uniform triaxial loading rocks was shown.On the basis of geometrical analysis of pore space,the reasons for weak permeability anisotropy were identified.The filtration-capacitance properties obtained from the digital analysis showed very good agreement with the results of field and laboratory measurements.The physical modeling has confirmed the efficiency of application of the directional unloading method for the reservoir under study.The necessary parameters of its application were calculated:bottomhole geometry,stage of operation,stresses and pressure drawdown value.

Bubble dynamics properties of B-particles in a quasi-2D gas-solid fluidized bed:Computational particle fluid dynamics numerical simulation and post-processed by digital image analysis technique

Bubble dynamics properties play a crucial and significant role in the design and optimization of gas-solid fluidized beds.In this study,the bubble dynamics properties of four B-particles were investigated in a quasi-two-dimensional(quasi-2D)fluidized bed,including bubble equivalent diameter,bubble size distribution,average bubble density,bubble aspect ratio,bubble hold-up,bed expansion ratio,bubble radial position,and bubble velocity.The studies were performed by computational particle fluid dynamics(CPFD)numerical simulation and post-processed with digital image analysis(DIA)technique,at superficial gas velocities ranging from 2u_(mf) to 7u_(mf).The simulated results shown that the CPFD simulation combining with DIA technique post-processing could be used as a reliable method for simulating bubble dynamics properties in quasi-2D gas-solid fluidized beds.However,it seemed not desirable for the simulation of bubble motion near the air distributor at higher superficial gas velocity from the simulated average bubble density distribution.The superficial gas velocity significantly affected the bubble equivalent diameter and evolution,while it had little influence on bubble size distribution and bubble aspect ratio distribution for the same particles.Both time-averaged bubble hold-up and bed expansion ratio increased with the increase of superficial gas velocity.Two core-annular flow structures could be found in the fluidized bed for all cases.The average bubble rising velocity increased with the increasing bubble equivalent diameter.For bubble lateral movement,the smaller bubbles might be more susceptible,and superficial gas velocity had a little influence on the absolute lateral velocity of bubbles.The simulated results presented a valuable and novel approach for studying bubble dynamics properties.The comprehensive understanding of bubble dynamics behaviors in quasi-2D gas-solid fluidized beds would provide support in the design,operation,and optimization of gas-solid fluidized bed reactors.

Investigation of pore geometry influence on fluid flow in heterogeneous porous media:A pore-scale study

Brazilian pre-salt reservoirs are renowned for their intricate pore networks and vuggy nature,posing significant challenges in modeling and simulating fluid flow within these carbonate reservoirs.Despite possessing excellent petrophysical properties,such as high porosity and permeability,these reservoirs typically exhibit a notably low recovery factor,sometimes falling below 10%.Previous research has indicated that various enhanced oil recovery(EOR)methods,such as water alternating gas(WAG),can substantially augment the recovery factor in pre-salt reservoirs,resulting in improvements of up to 20%.Nevertheless,the fluid flow mechanism within Brazilian carbonate reservoirs,characterized by complex pore geometry,remains unclear.Our study examines the behavior of fluid flow in a similar heterogeneous porous material,utilizing a plug sample obtained from a vugular segment of a Brazilian stromatolite outcrop,known to share analogies with certain pre-salt reservoirs.We conducted single-phase and multi-phase core flooding experiments,complemented by medical-CT scanning,to generate flow streamlines and evaluate the efficiency of water flooding.Subsequently,micro-CT scanning of the core sample was performed,and two cross-sections from horizontal and vertical plates were constructed.These cross-sections were then employed as geometries in a numerical simulator,enabling us to investigate the impact of pore geometry on fluid flow.Analysis of the pore-scale modeling and experimental data unveiled that the presence of dead-end pores and vugs results in a significant portion of the fluid remaining stagnant within these regions.Consequently,the injected fluid exhibits channeling-like behavior,leading to rapid breakthrough and low areal swept efficiency.Additionally,the numerical simulation results demonstrated that,irrespective of the size of the dead-end regions,the pressure variation within the dead-end vugs and pores is negligible.Despite the stromatolite's favorable petrophysical properties,including relatively high porosity and permeability,as well as the presence of interconnected large vugs,the recovery factor during water flooding remained low due to early breakthrough.These findings align with field data obtained from pre-salt reservoirs,providing an explanation for the observed low recovery factor during water flooding in such reservoirs.

DIRECT DIGITAL DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF MESHING IN WORM-GEAR DRIVE

A direct digital design method （DDDM） of worm-gear drive is proposed. It is directly based on the simulation of manufacturing process and completely different from the conventional modeling method. The loaded tooth contact analysis （LTCA） method is analyzed, in which the advanced surface to surface searching technique is included. The influence of misalignment errors and contact deformations on contact zone and transmission error （TE） is discussed. Combined modification approach on worm tooth surface is presented. By means of DDDM and LTCA, it is very conven- ient to verify the effect of worm-gear drive＇s modification approach. The analysis results show that, the modification in profile direction reduces the sensitivity of worm-gear drive to misalignment errors and the modification in longitudinal direction decreases the TE. Thus the optimization design of worm-gear drive can be achieved prior to the actual manufacturing process.

Experimental analysis on the nonlinear behavior of DC barrier discharge plasmas

Nonlinear behavior of glow discharge plasmas is experimentally investigated.The glow is generated between a barrier semiconductor electrode,Chromium doped namely Gallium Arsenide（Ga As：Cr）,as a cathode and an Indium–Tin Oxide（ITO） coated glass electrode as an anode,in reverse bias.The planar nature of electrodes provides symmetry in spatial geometry.The discharge behaves oscillatory in the time domain,with single and sometimes multiperiodicities in plasma current and voltage characteristics.In this paper,harmonic frequency generation and transition to chaotic behavior is investigated.The observed current–voltage characteristics of the discharge are discussed in detail.

Endoscopic ultrasound for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis

Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) has become a well accepted test for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis.Advantages include its ability to detect subtle and severe changes of the pancreatic duct and parenchyma,and its relative safety compared with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.Limitations include inter-and intraobserver variability,operator dependence,and an incomplete understanding of its true accuracy.The Rosemont classif ication has recently been proposed as a weighted,standardized method that may improve EUS chronic pancreatitis scoring.This paper reviews the published evidence regarding the accuracy of EUS in chronic pancreatitis diagnosis,and enumerates the emerging technologies that have been recently studied which may ultimately improve endosonographic imaging of the pancreas.

Characteristics and influencing factors of proximity distance index on the northern Shaanxi Loess Plateau in China

Topographic feature points and lines are the framework of topography,and their spatial distance relationship is an breakthrough in the study of topographical geometry,internal structure and development level.Proximity distance(PD)is an indicator to describe the distance between the gully source point(GSP)and the watershed boundary.In the upstream catchment area,PDs can be expressed by the streamline proximity distance(SPD),as well as by the horizontal proximity distance(HPD)and the vertical proximity distance(VPD)in the horizontal and vertical dimensions,respectively.The series of indicators(e.g.,SPD,HPD and VPD)are important for quantifying the geomorphological development process of a loess basin because of the headward erosion of loess gullies.In this study,the digital elevation model data with 5 m resolution and a digital topographic analysis method are used for the statistical analyses of the SPD,VPD and HPD in 50 sample areas of 6 geomorphic types in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi.The spatial characteristics and the influencing factors are also analysed.Results show that:1)Central tendencies for the HPDs and the VPDs for the whole study area and the six typical loess landforms are evident.2)Spatial patterns of the HPDs and the VPDs exhibit evident trends and zonal distributions over the whole study area.3)The HPDs have a strong positive correlation with gully density(GD)and hypsometric integral.The VPDs also correlates with GD to an extent.Vegetation cover,mean annual precipitation and loess thickness have stronger effects on the VPD than on the HPD.

Study on Headland-Bay Sandy Coast Stability in South China Coasts

Headland-bay beach equilibrium planform has been a crucial problem abroad to long-term sandy beach evolution and stabilization, extensively applied to forecast long-term coastal erosion evolvement and the influences of coastal engineering as well as long-term coastal management and protection. However, little concern focuses on this in China. The parabolic relationship is the most widely used empirical relationship for determining the static equilibrium shape of headland-bay beaches. This paper utilizes the relation to predict and classify 31 headland-bay beaches and concludes that these bays cannot achieve the ultimate static equilibrium planform in South China. The empirical bay equation can morphologically estimate beach stabilization state, but it is just a referential predictable means and is difficult to evaluate headland-bay shoreline movements in years and decades. By using Digital Shoreline Analysis System suggested by USGS, the rates of shoreline recession and accretion of these different headland-bay beaches are quantitatively calculated from 1990 to 2000. The conclusions of this paper include that （a） most of these 31 bays maintain relatively stable and the rates of erosion and accretion are relatively large with the impact of man-made constructions on estuarine within these bays from 1990 to 2000; （b） two bays, Haimen Bay and Hailingshan Bay, originally in the quasi-static equilibrium planform determined by the parabolic bay shape equation, have been unstable by the influence of coastal engineering; and （c） these 31 bays have different recession and accretion characters occuning in some bays and some segments. On the one hand, some bays totally exhibit accretion, but some bays show erosion on the whole. Shanwei Bay, Houmen Bay, Pinghai Bay and Yazhou Bay have the similar planforms, characterized by less accretion on the sheltering segment and bigger accretion on the transitional and tangential segments. On the other hand, different segments of some bays have two dissimilar evolvement characters. Dacheng Bay, Shenquan Bay, Hudong Bay, Wukan Bay, Fengjia Bay, Wuchang Bay, Lingshui Bay and Tufu Bay produce accretion on the tangential segment, erosion on the transitional segment and accretion on the sheltering segment. However, Guang＇ao Bay, Haimen Bay, Jinghai Bay, Sanya Bay（a）, Dajiao Bay, Hailingshan Bay, Hebei Bay, Fuhu Bay, Shuidong Bay, Wangcun Bay and Bomao Bay generate erosion on the tangential part, accretion on the transitional part and accretion on the sheltering part. It seems to imply some relations between headland-bay beach evolvement and controls on headland-bay beaches, which may possibly to classify headland-bay beach types and should be further studied.

浸渍硅胶薄层色谱板分离钴和镍及数字图像分析法定量(英文)

Thin layer chromatography(TLC) of cobalt and nickel has been performed on silica gel layers induced with alkali mediated cellulose extract.A novel combination of 10% aqueous solutions of Tween-20 and potassium thiocyanate in 1∶1(v/v) was identified as the best mobile phase for the selective separation of Co2+from Ni2+on the impregnated Silica Gel G layers.The chromatographic characteristics of the cations were studied and the limits of detection as well as the limits of quantification for Co2+and Ni2+were determined.The quantitative estimation of the cations was achieved from the digital image analysis of respective chromatograms.The proposed quantitative method was successfully applied with 0-0.50% error for the determination of Co2+from Ni2+in spiked samples of bauxite,soil and rock containing common cations such as Al3+,Fe2+,Ti4+,Zn2+,Mn2+,Cu2+,Cr6+,Mg2+,etc.under the optimized chromatographic conditions.

核形态学，核子学与前列腺癌的研究进展

Prostate cancer （PCa） results from a multistep process. This process includes initiation, which occurs through various aging events and multiple insults （such as chronic infection, inflammation and genetic instability through reactive oxygen species causing DNA double-strand breaks）, followed by a multistep process of progression. These steps include several genetic and epigenetic alterations, as well as alterations to the chromatin structure, which occur in response to the carcinogenic stress-related events that sustain proliferative signaling. Events such as evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis are readily observed. In addition, in conjunction with these critical drivers of carcinogenesis, other factors related to the etiopathogenesis of PCa, involving energy metabolism and evasion of the immune surveillance system, appear to be involved. In addition, when cancer spread and metastasis occur, the ＇tumor microenvironment＇ in the bone of PCa patients may provide a way to sustain dormancy or senescence and eventually establish a ＇seed and soil＇ site where PCa proliferation and growth may occur over time. When PCa is initiated and progression ensues, significant alterations in nuclear size, shape and heterochromatin （DNA transcription） organization are found, and key nuclear transcriptional and structural proteins, as well as multiple nuclear bodies can lead to precancerous and malignant changes. These series of cellular and tissue-related malignancy-associated events can be quantified to assess disease progression and management.

Requirements for implementation of artificial intelligence in the practice of gastrointestinal pathology

Tremendous advances in artificial intelligence(AI)in medical image analysis have been achieved in recent years.The integration of AI is expected to cause a revolution in various areas of medicine,including gastrointestinal(GI)pathology.Currently,deep learning algorithms have shown promising benefits in areas of diagnostic histopathology,such as tumor identification,classification,prognosis prediction,and biomarker/genetic alteration prediction.While AI cannot substitute pathologists,carefully constructed AI applications may increase workforce productivity and diagnostic accuracy in pathology practice.Regardless of these promising advances,unlike the areas of radiology or cardiology imaging,no histopathology-based AI application has been approved by a regulatory authority or for public reimbursement.Thus,implying that there are still some obstacles to be overcome before AI applications can be safely and effectively implemented in real-life pathology practice.The challenges have been identified at different stages of the development process,such as needs identification,data curation,model development,validation,regulation,modification of daily workflow,and cost-effectiveness balance.The aim of this review is to present challenges in the process of AI development,validation,and regulation that should be overcome for its implementation in real-life GI pathology practice.

Modern diagnostic approaches to cholangiocarcinoma

BACKGROUND:Cholangiocarcinoma is a very aggressive tumor with poor survival.Therefore,early diagnosis and surgical resection are of paramount importance.Its diagnosis is difficult because access to the tumor is not easy.Biopsy is possible only for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,which accounts for 10% of cases.Routine brush cytology from endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) has a high specificity of 100% but unfortunately a low sensitivity of 30%.In this review we briefly describe new diagnostic techniques applicable to ERCP brush cytology specimens and targeting the genetic background of the disease,in particular fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) and digital image analysis(DIA).DATE SOURCES:The PubMed database up to 2011 was used for the retrieval of relevant articles.The search terms FISH,fluorescence in situ hybridization,DIA,digital image analysis and cholangiocarcinoma were used.Both original and review articles were used.RESULTS:FISH identifies cells with chromosomal abnormalities,mainly numerical aberrations,using a mixture of fluorescencelabeled probes.FISH offers a higher sensitivity than routine cytology,retaining a high level of specificity.The DIA criterion for malignancy is demonstration of aneuploidy.This technique increases the sensitivity to 40%,but the specificity remains low.Preliminary data from application to other tumors suggest that combination of FISH and DIA may be of further benefit.CONCLUSIONS:The new techniques offer a significantly enhanced diagnostic efficacy in the evaluation of ERCP brush specimens.Apart from contributing to a more timely diagnosis,their wider application to cholangiocarcinoma may also facilitate the genetic study of the disease and add to our understanding of oncogenesis at the molecular level,with the prospect of identifying targets for novel therapeutic interventions.

Artificial intelligence in pathological evaluation of gastrointestinal cancers

The integration of artificial intelligence(AI)has shown promising benefits in many fields of diagnostic histopathology,including for gastrointestinal cancers(GCs),such as tumor identification,classification,and prognosis prediction.In parallel,recent evidence suggests that AI may help reduce the workload in gastrointestinal pathology by automatically detecting tumor tissues and evaluating prognostic parameters.In addition,AI seems to be an attractive tool for biomarker/genetic alteration prediction in GC,as it can contain a massive amount of information from visual data that is complex and partially understandable by pathologists.From this point of view,it is suggested that advances in AI could lead to revolutionary changes in many fields of pathology.Unfortunately,these findings do not exclude the possibility that there are still many hurdles to overcome before AI applications can be safely and effectively applied in actual pathology practice.These include a broad spectrum of challenges from needs identification to cost-effectiveness.Therefore,unlike other disciplines of medicine,no histopathology-based AI application,including in GC,has ever been approved either by a regulatory authority or approved for public reimbursement.The purpose of this review is to present data related to the applications of AI in pathology practice in GC and present the challenges that need to be overcome for their implementation.

Application Progress of Digital Occlusion Analysis in Occlusal Reconstruction

Occlusal disorder caused by severe worn dentition is one of the most common diseases in the occlusion. Occlusal reconstruction is an important repair method, referring to modify and rebuild the existing occlusion status, then to restore the occlusion. During occlusal reconstruction, the digital occlusion analysis system can accurately acquire the occlusion status, in order to guide the reconstruction occlusion accurately and restore the normal function of the oral maxillary system. This paper reviews the concept of occlusal reconstruction, sequence therapy, traditional occlusion analysis methods and the development status and prospect of digital occlusion analysis.