Impact of BRICS Trade Facilitation on China's Exports Using Cross-Border E-Commerce

With the rapid growth of the global digital economy, cross-border e-commerce, as an emerging form of trade, has gradually become a powerful engine to promote the development of global trade. BRICS is an important force in the global economy, and the progress of the BRICS countries' trade facilitation level has an important impact on the global trade environment. This paper conducts an in-depth study of the dynamic changes in BRICS trade facilitation from 2013 to 2022, and uses an extended gravity model to analyze the specific impact of this change on China's exports using cross-border e-commerce. The results show that although the BRICS countries have made some progress in trade facilitation, the overall level still needs to be improved, and there are obvious differences among member countries. However, the improvement of trade facilitation among BRICS countries has undoubtedly brought significant positive effects to China's exports using cross-border e-commerce.

Study on the Promotion of Digital Trade to Northeast Asian Regional Economy

Society is currently transitioning from the era of informatization and digitization to the era of intelligence.Advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence,the Internet of Things,and big data are permeating every aspect of production and life.This penetration presents a rare opportunity for the development of digital trade and catalyzes innovation in traditional trade patterns.This paper first analyzes the inevitability of digital trade development in Northeast Asia.Secondly,it delves into the challenges faced by digital trade development and explores in-depth the promotion strategy for digital trade’s impact on the economic development of the Northeast Asia region,providing insights from various perspectives for reference.

Digital Development Rights in Developing Countries:Where the Governance Rules for Cross-Border Data Flows

The digital development rights in developing countries are based on establishing a new international economic order and ensuring equal participation in the digital globalization process to achieve people's well-rounded development in the digital society.The relationship between cross-border data flows and the realization of digital development rights in developing countries is quite complex.Currently,developing countries seek to safeguard their existing digital interests through unilateral regulation to protect data sovereignty and multilateral regulation for cross-border data cooperation.However,developing countries still have to face internal conflicts between national digital development rights and individual and corporate digital development rights during the process of realizing digital development rights.They also encounter external contradictions such as developed countries interfering with developing countries'data sovereignty,developed countries squeezing the policy space of developing countries through dominant rules,and developing countries having conflicts between domestic and international rules.This article argues that balancing openness and security on digital trade platforms is the optimal solution for developing countries to realize their digital development rights.The establishment of WTO digital trade rules should inherently reflect the fundamental demands of developing countries in cross-border data flows.At the same time,given China's dual role as a digital powerhouse and a developing country,it should actively promote the realization of digital development rights in developing countries.

Digital Marketing and B2B Cross-Border E-Commerce: A Case Study of Alibaba International Station in China

The rapid development of the“Internet+”has ushered in a new era of global digital technology innovation.Concurrent with the deepening trends of economic globalization and integration,international trade is progressively undergoing extensive digitization,with cross-border e-commerce emerging as a significant manifestation of this transformation.Within this landscape,the cross-border e-commerce B2B platform is anticipated to become a pivotal driver for China’s cross-border trade growth,representing a strategic opportunity for trade transformation.This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the concepts,characteristics,and development status of cross-border e-commerce and B2B platforms,considering both global and Chinese perspectives.Focusing on a prominent case study,Alibaba International Station,a B2B cross-border e-commerce platform,the paper delves into its business model and core competencies,offering a thorough analysis of its role in the intricacies of international e-commerce and its contribution to the field.Drawing on insights gained,the paper concludes by presenting targeted recommendations from both the platform and government perspectives.These suggestions are informed by a nuanced understanding of the development opportunities and challenges facing China’s cross-border e-commerce B2B platforms.

Unleashing the Power of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Algorithmic Trading in the Digital Financial Frontier and Enterprise Information Systems

In the rapidly evolving landscape of today’s digital economy,Financial Technology(Fintech)emerges as a trans-formative force,propelled by the dynamic synergy between Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Algorithmic Trading.Our in-depth investigation delves into the intricacies of merging Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning(MARL)and Explainable AI(XAI)within Fintech,aiming to refine Algorithmic Trading strategies.Through meticulous examination,we uncover the nuanced interactions of AI-driven agents as they collaborate and compete within the financial realm,employing sophisticated deep learning techniques to enhance the clarity and adaptability of trading decisions.These AI-infused Fintech platforms harness collective intelligence to unearth trends,mitigate risks,and provide tailored financial guidance,fostering benefits for individuals and enterprises navigating the digital landscape.Our research holds the potential to revolutionize finance,opening doors to fresh avenues for investment and asset management in the digital age.Additionally,our statistical evaluation yields encouraging results,with metrics such as Accuracy=0.85,Precision=0.88,and F1 Score=0.86,reaffirming the efficacy of our approach within Fintech and emphasizing its reliability and innovative prowess.

Construction of BDS Spatiotemporal Information Agricultural Product Digital Credit System

Spatiotemporal information,positioning and navigation services have become important elements of new type infrastructure.The rapid development of global digital trade provides a large-scale application scenario for the use of Beidou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)spatiotemporal information to support the certification of origin of agricultural products.The BDS spatiotemporal information agricultural product digital credit system uses such modules as BDS,spatiotemporal information collection,spatiotemporal coding,and spatiotemporal blockchain.It incorporates multi-level joint supervision mechanisms such as government,associations,and users.Starting from the initial production link of agricultural products,it realizes the correspondence and locking of online and offline products,effectively improves the integrity and credibility of information in the production process,finished product quality and circulation process of products,effectively manages the green production and anti-channel conflicts of producers,and provides credible information for consumers,thus realizing the digital credit certification of products.The successful practice of characteristic agricultural products in Yunnan Province has verified the application ability of the BDS spatiotemporal information agricultural product digital credit system.This system has played a significant role in promoting the online and offline locking,credible information,effective supervision and high quality and high price of characteristic agricultural products from the field.The BDS provides services for global digital trade and contributes to the further enhancement of the global application scale of GNSS.

Micro,Small,and Medium Enterprises’Cross-Border Business Strategies

This paper explores the operational strategies of cross-border micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Against the backdrop of globalization and digitalization, cross-border trade has become one of the important pathways for many MSMEs to achieve growth and competitive advantage. Firstly, the paper outlines the concept and characteristics of cross-border MSMEs, as well as the analysis of their operational environment in the context of globalization, including political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors. Secondly, the paper proposes operational strategies for cross-border MSMEs, including international market selection and positioning, cross-border marketing strategies, supply chain management, cross-border financial management, and cross-border risk management. Finally, the paper summarizes the importance of effectively implementing these strategies for cross-border MSMEs to seize international market opportunities, reduce operational risks, and enhance competitiveness and profitability.

On the Cross-border E-commerce Development Strategy in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative

As the "Internet +" action plan proceeds, e-commerce further integrates traditional sectors and increasingly promotes development. In the context of the Belt and Road Initiative, Chinese cross-border e-commerce, through channel expansion and market share increase, is taking the lead in trade and investment development, and facilitating labor division & coordination, resource & product sharing, as well as opening new markets. To promote the long-term economic development of countries along the Belt and Road, a series of development strategies have been designed, which concern constructing an "online silk road" for cross-border e-commerce, building new trade passages and bridges, innovating traditional trade models, and gathering a trade development momentum.

Double-digit rise in exports helps India nearly halve trade gap with China

India’s robust double-digit exports growth to China,coupled with sharp contraction in imports,nearly halved the trade gap between the two trading partners in the first five months of the current fiscal year(2020-21,or FY21)over the same period of 2019-20(FY20).

Protection of the Right to Data Privacy Under the Liberalization of Digital Trade

In the digital era,the free cross-border flow of data and the development of digital trade are complementary.Consequently,as an inherent demand for data privacy,trade liberalization is closely linked to the right to data privacy,and data privacy protection is increasingly becoming a trade issue.However,conflicting rule settings between the two create discrepancies and result in differing rule-making approaches.The concept of the right to data privacy provides guidance and evaluative functions for the development of trade liberalization,facilitating the healthy development of digital trade.It is appropriate to treat the interaction between trade liberalization and data privacy protection in a rational way and to place them within independent systems at this stage.Data localization measures are an effective way to balance digital trade liberalization with the right to data privacy.As a data privacy protection measure,data localization has legitimacy within the trade law framework.Looking ahead,to achieve a harmonious advancement of digital trade liberalization and protection of the right to data privacy,all parties should uphold the premise of the national regulatory autonomy,and respect the data localization measures adopted by countries based on their own national conditions and personal data protection considerations.

Balancing Openness and Protection:Homogenization of Regulatory Laws in Digital Service Trade

Digital service trade has emerged as a pivotal engine for global economic transformation and development.However,the implementation of differentiated regulatory measures for trade in digital services among economies has led to increasingly frequent trade disputes.This paper constructs a regulatory homogeneity network for digital service trade in 60 major economies,and systematically evaluates the structural characteristics of the network and the regulatory homogeneity among economies from 2014 to 2021.Furthermore,this paper empirically examines the impact of the partnership characteristics of regulatory homogenization in the network of major economies on their exports.The analysis of the network structure shows that major economies are more inclined to optimize and simplify existing trade partnerships,and are moving towards more diversified restrictive measures in the regulatory model of digital services trade,which has led to the rise of trade protectionism.The empirical text results show that expanding and deepening the regulatory homogeneous partnership of trade in digital services promotes the export of digital services in major economies.This promotion effect is mainly achieved by reducing the cost of digital service trade and enhancing business trust.In addition,the export promotion effect of developing regulatory homogenization partnerships is better than that of increasing the openness of digital service trade,and the homogenization of policies between openness and protection is more important.This paper provides important implications for coordinating the openness and security of digital services trade:China should actively cooperate with multilateral and bilateral digital service trade partners to jointly build a homogeneous environment for regulatory regulations.In particular,it is necessary to deepen the regulatory homogeneity partnership with Asian and developing economies to expand the infl uence of the“China model”in the global regulation of digital services trade.

Recalculating Sino-US Trade Balance Using the Ownership-Based Statistical Method

Using the trade statistical method based on asset ownership,this paper recalculated Sino-US bilateral trade volume and the result indicates that against traditional trade statistics,Chinese exports to the US reduced by an average of 51%while Chinese imports from the US increased by an average of 41%between 2004 and 2010.Balance of trade is in the range between US$2,189 billion of deficit and US$12.77 billion of surplus on the part of China,which are far smaller than the balance of Sino-US trade calculated by traditional statistical method.In order to reflect the real scale of China's foreign trade and effectively respond to Sino-US trade frictions,it is necessary for China to establish its trade statistics system based on asset ownership.

Enhancing Cross-Border Interoperability to Advance International Digitalization Cooperation

This paper delves into the national standards for e-invoices,the seamless integration of fully-digitalized e-invoices with international norms,and the digital identity system,shares the explorations and practices made by China’s tax authorities in cross-border interoperability,and proposes suggestions and outlook for future development.

数字贸易强国:理论、指标及测度

在数字经济成为全球重要经济形态的背景下,正确认识数字贸易强国必须建立在科学构建数字贸易强国指数的基础上。本文在理论上分析了数字化程度对贸易利益的微观影响机制,据此构建了数字贸易强国综合衡量指标,继而测算了2012—2019年主要经济体的数字贸易强国指数,并从质量、规模等多个维度进行了分解。结果显示:第一,样本期内中国数字贸易强国指数位于世界第二,但在数字贸易质量方面与美国、日本、德国等发达国家仍有较大差距;第二,从产业层面看,中国数字产业领域的数字贸易具有显著优势,保持了领先地位,这源于在全球价值链分工条件下中国数字产成品出口占据了数量和质量优势,但在融合数字技术的传统产业方面数量和质量均不占优;第三,基于产品层面的测算结果表明,在作为数字产业核心的中间产品方面,中国与发达国家有较大差距。建设数字贸易强国,中国亟待由数量优势、产成品优势向质量优势和核心中间产品优势转型。

全球数字贸易治理:规则分歧与策略选择

数字贸易已成为新一轮经济全球化的重要驱动力量。国际组织和主要经济体都高度重视数字贸易规则,但国家和地区之间分歧凸显。发达经济体在数字贸易规则广度和深度方面具有持续性优势,而新兴经济体网络地位上升趋势明显,全球形成了亚太、美洲和欧洲三大地区数字贸易规则网络中心。根据数字贸易规则广度与深度的区别,可将国家和地区分为L-L型、L-H型、H-L型和H-H型四种;根据数字贸易规则谈判中国家和地区对经济利益与安全利益议题的差异化选择,可研判其在数字贸易规则水平、经济利益与安全利益议题深度方面的分歧。数字贸易发展水平差异、数字贸易利益分配冲突与数字贸易治理诉求不同是造成数字贸易国别分歧的主要原因。基于此,中国应在面对不同类型的国家和地区时采取差异化的策略,积极参与区域与全球数字贸易治理,为弥合数字贸易治理分歧提出中国方案。

数字经济赋能零售企业国际化:机制、制约与对策

中国零售企业依托数字技术加快国际化,融入或主导构建全球供应链的探索有助于服务构建新发展格局。从价值共创的理论视角看,数字经济赋能零售企业国际化的机制包括与消费者、供应商和同业企业的价值共创。当前数字经济赋能中国零售企业国际化的效应已初步显现,但仍处于起步阶段,存在采购国际化中数字经济赋能主体范围与环节有限、店铺运营国际化尚未形成规模效应、专业技能国际转移面临全球数字贸易规则博弈带来的不确定性等问题与制约。文章建议引导零售企业协同多方主体推进采购国际化,政策赋能推动零售企业店铺运营国际化,提升数字话语权为零售专业技能国际转移护航,并在数字“一带一路”框架下推进零售企业国际化。

碳排放权交易、数字经济与企业全要素生产率

“双碳”战略目标的提出契合高质量发展的内在需要,碳排放权交易市场是实现该目标的关键工具,2013—2014年,我国建立了首批七个试点碳交易市场,近十年以来,此项政策的减排效果已经受到广泛认可,但其对经济发展的影响依然值得探究。基于2010—2019年重污染行业A股上市公司的数据,本文以首批七个试点碳交易市场的正式启动为准自然实验,构建双重差分模型探讨该项政策对企业全要素生产率的影响,并从碳交易市场特征和数字经济发展的角度对作用机制进行分析。研究发现,碳交易政策能够显著提高企业的全要素生产率。机制分析表明,在碳交易政策对全要素生产率的作用过程中,企业数字化转型发挥了部分中介作用。此外,碳交易政策效果在非国有企业、风险承担水平高的企业中更强,并且碳市场的交易规模、流动性、数字基础设施、互联网普及率和数字普惠金融的发展都对碳交易政策效果发挥着正向调节效应,碳配额价格水平也具有一定的负向调节效应。

数字服务贸易壁垒对贸易强国建设的影响——基于43个国家的面板数据

我国已进入新发展阶段,构建新发展格局是把握发展主动权的战略性布局,实现高质量发展是我国经济发展的鲜明主题,贸易强国建设是我国当前国际贸易发展中的重要决策,需要深入研究并解决各种贸易壁垒,包括数字服务贸易壁垒。研究数字服务贸易壁垒与贸易强国建设之间的关系对于推动我国外贸高质量发展、从贸易大国走向贸易强国至关重要。对43个国家2014—2021年的面板数据进行分析,实证检验数字服务贸易壁垒与贸易强国建设之间的关系。研究显示,数字服务贸易壁垒显著抑制贸易强国建设,国家创新这一中介变量在数字服务贸易壁垒显著抑制贸易强国建设的过程中同样起抑制作用。通过相关异质性检验,数字服务贸易壁垒对“一带一路”共建国家的贸易强国建设不产生显著影响,而对非“一带一路”共建国家的贸易强国建设产生显著的抑制影响。因此,减少数字服务贸易壁垒、促进创新,特别是在非“一带一路”共建国家中,将是我国贸易强国建设过程中需要着重关注和改善的方向。为更好地适应数字时代的贸易环境,实现外贸高质量发展,向贸易强国迈进,应加强国际合作;进行数字技术研发与创新,降低技术壁垒带来的负面影响;推动数字技术培训和人才交流,打破技术壁垒;积极参与国际数字服务规则制定。

数字技术创新发展易货贸易的机遇及对策

以数字技术创新发展易货贸易,不仅是贯彻落实“发展数字贸易,加快建设贸易强国”重要精神的表现,也是加快形成和发展习近平总书记提出的“新质生产力”的重要表现。在以数字技术为代表的新一轮信息技术革命下,易货贸易通过数字赋能可以解决以往面临的信息不对称、供需难匹配等传统难题,并面临着创新发展的重要机遇。特别是,受世界百年未有之大变局和世纪疫情的叠加影响,数字赋能下的易货贸易有望成为应对世界经济“动荡”与“变革”等不确定性和风险的重要举措,并成为未来贸易方式的主导形态和新增长极。中国亟待抢抓这一新战略机遇,其战略意义不仅在于顺应经济全球化发展大势,实现中国对外贸易“增量提质”,更为重要的是,能更好地服务国家统筹开放和安全、加快推动人民币国际化等战略需要。为此,中国应尽快启动易货贸易新战略,依托数字赋能推动易货贸易创新发展,并将中国打造成为全球易货贸易的中心和枢纽。这也是实现党的二十大报告提出的建设数字贸易强国的题中应有之义。

数字经济时代复合型人才培养模式创新研究——以经济与贸易类专业为例

数字经济快速发展引发了就业深刻变革,社会对经济与贸易人才需求发生了新变化,迫切需要具有数字素养和基本数字技能的“大数据+信息技术+贸易”中高端复合型贸易人才。我国经济与贸易类专业复合型人才培养模式呈现多样化,部分高校复合型人才培养形成自身特色。数字经济时代经济与贸易类专业复合型人才培养,需要以“数字技术+贸易实务”为核心进行跨专业融合,构建“面向全流程、学科交叉融合、多元主体协同”的复合型贸易人才培养新模式,以全新理念设计人才培养方案和课程体系,加强数字化复合型师资队伍建设,加快建设多元化网络教学平台。建设培养复合型人才的多元化教学平台。