Pulse interleaving scheduling algorithm for digital array radar

An online pulse interleaving scheduling algorithm is proposed for a solution to the task scheduling problem in the digital array radar(DAR). The full DAR task structure is explicitly considered in a way that the waiting duration is able to be utilized to transmit or receive subtasks, namely the pulse interleaving,as well as the receiving durations of different tasks are able to be overlapped. The algorithm decomposes the pulse interleaving scheduling analysis into the time constraint check and the energy constraint check, and schedules online all kinds of tasks that are able to be interleaved. Thereby the waiting duration and the receiving duration in the DAR task are both fully utilized. The simulation results verify the performance improvement and the high efficiency of the proposed algorithm compared with the existing ones.

Effect of digital elevation models on monitoring slope displacements in open-pit mine by differential interferometry synthetic aperture radar

Displacement monitoring in open-pit mines is one of the important tasks for safe management of mining processes.Differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar(DInSAR),mounted on an artificial satellite,has the potential to be a cost-effective method for monitoring surface displacements over extensive areas,such as open-pit mines.DInSAR requires the ground surface elevation data in the process of its analysis as a digital elevation model(DEM).However,since the topography of the ground surface in open-pit mines changes largely due to excavations,measurement errors can occur due to insufficient information on the elevation of mining areas.In this paper,effect of different elevation models on the accuracy of the displacement monitoring results by DInSAR is investigated at a limestone quarry.In addition,validity of the DInSAR results using an appropriate DEM is examined by comparing them with the results obtained by global positioning system(GPS)monitoring conducted for three years at the same limestone quarry.It is found that the uncertainty of DEMs induces large errors in the displacement monitoring results if the baseline length of the satellites between the master and the slave data is longer than a few hundred meters.Comparing the monitoring results of DInSAR and GPS,the root mean square error(RMSE)of the discrepancy between the two sets of results is less than 10 mm if an appropriate DEM,considering the excavation processes,is used.It is proven that DInSAR can be applied for monitoring the displacements of mine slopes with centimeter-level accuracy.

Adaptive digital self-interference cancellation based on fractional order LMS in LFMCW radar

Adaptive digital self-interference cancellation(ADSIC)is a significant method to suppress self-interference and improve the performance of the linear frequency modulated continuous wave(LFMCW)radar.Due to efficient implementation structure,the conventional method based on least mean square(LMS)is widely used,but its performance is not sufficient for LFMCW radar.To achieve a better self-interference cancellation(SIC)result and more optimal radar performance,we present an ADSIC method based on fractional order LMS(FOLMS),which utilizes the multi-path cancellation structure and adaptively updates the weight coefficients of the cancellation system.First,we derive the iterative expression of the weight coefficients by using the fractional order derivative and short-term memory principle.Then,to solve the problem that it is difficult to select the parameters of the proposed method due to the non-stationary characteristics of radar transmitted signals,we construct the performance evaluation model of LFMCW radar,and analyze the relationship between the mean square deviation and the parameters of FOLMS.Finally,the theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method has a better SIC performance than the conventional methods.

Equalization Reconstruction Algorithm Based on Reference Signal Frequency Domain Block Joint for DTMB-Based Passive Radar

Channel equalization plays a pivotal role within the reconstruction phase of passive radar reference signals.In the context of reconstructing digital terrestrial multimedia broadcasting(DTMB)signals for low-slow-small(LSS)target detection,a novel frequency domain block joint equalization algorithm is presented in this article.From the DTMB signal frame structure and channel multipath transmission characteristics,this article adopts a unconventional approach where the delay and frame structure of each DTMB signal frame are reconfigured to create a circular convolution block,facilitating concurrent fast Fourier transform(FFT)calculations.Following equalization,an inverse fast Fourier transform(IFFT)-based joint output and subsequent data reordering are executed to finalize the equalization process for the DTMB signal.Simulation and measured data confirm that this algorithm outperforms conventional techniques by reducing signal errors rate and enhancing real-time processing.In passive radar LSS detection,it effectively suppresses multipath and noise through frequency domain equalization,reducing false alarms and improving the capabilities of weak target detection.

Digital Receiver for Laser Imaging Radar

With the extension of the application domains for laser imaging radar, it is necessary to find a new technical way to obtain high technical performance and adaptive ability. In this paper, A new concept of digital receiver of laser imaging radar system is presented. This digital receiver is defined as a time varying parameter receiver which possesses large dynamics region and time domain filter. The receiver’s mode, component structure as well as every function of its processing are described. The results and laboratorial data show the feasibility of digital reception. Also, it can exploit the inherent nature of laser imaging radar to obtain high probability of detection.

CALL FOR PAPERS Special Issue on Advances in Digital Array Radar(DAR)

Digital array radar(DAR)is the research and development focus all over the world,since it is much more powerful than conventional phased array radar.For example,the Air and Missile Defense Radar(AMDR),also known as the SPY-6,is a next-generation integrated radar including an active electrically scanned array(AESA)that is slated to be 30 times more powerful than the current SPY-1 phased array radar.In China,the Type 346 radar,a multi-function and dual-band naval active phased array radar(APAR),is also highly digitized.It has been proved that conventional radar systems can benefit greatly from digitalization.The performances,such as interference rejection,low sidelobe,target localization and tracking,have been made rapid progress.

Dwell Scheduling Algorithm for Digital Array Radar

Aiming at the problem of resource allocation for digital array radar（ DAR）,a dwell scheduling algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly,the integrated priority of different radar tasks is designed,which ensures that the imaging tasks are scheduled without affecting the search and tracking tasks; Then,the optimal scheduling model of radar resource is established according to the constraints of pulse interleaving; Finally,a heuristic algorithm is used to solve the problem and a sparse-aperture cognitive ISAR imaging method is used to achieve partial precision tracking target imaging. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can both improve the performance of the radar system,and generate satisfactory imaging results.

Performance Evaluation of Wavelength Division Multiplexing Photonic Analogue-to-Digital Converters for High-Resolution Radar Systems

The performance of the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) photonic analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) used for digitization of high-resolution radar systems is evaluated numerically by using the peak signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) metric. Two different WDM photonic ADC architectures are considered for the digitization of radar signals with 5 GHz of bandwidth (spatial resolution of 3 cm), in order to provide a comprehensive study of the compromises present when deploying radar signals with high-resolution: 1) a four-channel architecture with each channel employing an ADC with 5 GSamples/s, and 2) an eight-channel architecture with each channel employing an ADC with 2.5 GSamples/s. For peak powers of the pulsed source between 10 and 20 dBm and a distance between the radar antenna and the sensing object of 2.4 meters, peak SNR levels between 29 and 39 dB are achieved with the eight-channel architecture, which shows higher peak SNR levels when compared with the four-channel architecture. For the eight-channel architecture and for the same peak powers of the pulsed source, peak SNR levels between 11 and 16 dB are obtained when the distance increases to 13.5 meters. With this evaluation using the peak SNR, it is possible to assess the performance limits when choosing a specific radar range, while keeping the same resolution.

基于机载多角度InSAR技术的复杂地形高精度DEM重建方法

干涉合成孔径雷达(Interferomtric Synthetic Aperture Radar,InSAR)是全天时、全天候获取三维地表信息重要的技术手段。机载InSAR系统具有机动灵活、多角度获取数据的优势,可以高效率、高精度获取数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)数据。但是,在地形复杂区域,InSAR侧视成像易在地形陡峭区域形成较大范围的阴影和严重的叠掩现象,阴影和叠掩区域在SAR图像上体现为信息的丢失,从而导致DEM数据大面积无效数据的存在,严重影响DEM数据的质量及应用。针对这一问题,本文提出了基于机载多角度InSAR技术的复杂地形高精度DEM重建方法,基于考虑地形起伏的机载多角度InSAR数据获取任务规划设计,最大程度的避免阴影和叠掩导致的无效数据;基于高精度InSAR数据处理,保证每个角度DEM数据精度的高度一致性;基于快速多角度DSM数据融合与滤波处理,实现多角度InSAR体制复杂地形DEM高精度重建。本文以四川省西部山区大坡度、非连续等复杂地形为例,基于本文提出的方法,利用3个角度InSAR数据融合处理,生成了高精度DEM数据,试验结果表明,本文提出的方法获取复杂地形DEM数据高程均方根误差为0.6 m,同时,数据有效率大于99%。

基于DEM的雷达阵地选址预处理方法研究

防空预警雷达阵地选址的优劣直接影响雷达本身及防空武器作战效能的发挥.针对基于数字高程模型(DEM)的常规实时计算方法存在耗时、耗力的问题,在明确阵地选址预处理内容的基础上,提出了预处理的具体流程和参数计算方法.通过数据预处理,以空间换时间的方式解决了阵地自动选址计算量大、耗时长的问题.实例仿真结果表明,该雷达阵地选址预处理方法大大缩短了自动选址时间,有效提高了选址效率.

MIMO雷达分组正交波形集优化设计方法

在现代电子对抗中,数字射频存储(DRFM)设备能够快速截获机载脉冲多普勒雷达信号,能够实现对多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达的干扰。MIMO雷达可基于多组相互正交的波形集来对抗DRFM干扰。同时,为最大化MIMO雷达波形分集增益,每个脉冲内发射的波形也需要正交。为了平衡组内和组间的正交性,文中建立了一种分组正交波形集优化模型,其目标函数为组内和组间相关函数性能评估指标值的加权和;为了求解该优化问题,提出了一种分组正交波形集设计方法。所提方法将原优化问题简化为p-范数优化问题,基于MM算法导出了最小化目标函数的迭代求解表达式。仿真结果表明,所提方法可通过改变权重系数来灵活平衡MIMO雷达的干扰抑制性能和距离压缩性能。

DRFM干扰在OFDM新体制雷达中的研究

新体制雷达以正交频分复用(OFDM)数字调制方式作为雷达信号源,具有高频谱效率、高分辨能力等优点。本文首先介绍了新体制雷达系统的基本组成部分,主要包括OFDM信号源、发射模块、环境模块、接收模块和信号处理模块。其次介绍了数字射频存储器(DRFM)干扰的主要组成部分以及工作原理,其中主要包括假目标干扰。最后将DRFM干扰与新体制雷达结合,在加干扰和不加干扰两种情况下对仿真目标进行测距和测速,结果验证了新体制雷达测量目标的准确性以及DRFM干扰的可行性。对新体制雷达及DRFM干扰研究具有参考意义。

基于数字孪生和强化学习的低空智联网协同认知干扰

针对低空智联网协同认知干扰决策过程中,多架电子干扰无人机对抗多部多功能雷达的干扰资源分配问题,提出了一种基于数字孪生和深度强化学习的认知干扰决策方法。首先,将协同电子干扰问题建模为马尔可夫决策问题,建立认知干扰决策系统模型,综合考虑干扰对象、干扰功率和干扰样式选择约束,构建智能体动作空间、状态空间和奖励函数。其次,在近端策略优化(Proximal policy optimization,PPO)深度强化学习算法的基础上,提出了自适应学习率近端策略优化(Adaptive learning rate proximal policy optimization,APPO)算法。同时,为了以高保真的方式提高深度强化学习算法的训练速度,提出了一种基于数字孪生的协同电子干扰决策模型训练方法。仿真结果表明,与已有的深度强化学习算法相比,APPO算法干扰效能提升30%以上,所提训练方法能够提高50%以上的模型训练速度。

基于时空编码数字超表面的雷达散射截面积缩减及波达角估计方法

传统的波达角(DOA)估计方法的实现通常基于相控阵天线系统,而其高昂的硬件成本限制该技术在不同领域的应用和推广,此外相控阵天线普遍不具备隐身性能,其在工作频段内雷达散射截面积(RCS)普遍较高。为解决上述问题,该文在时空编码(STC)理论的基础上提出了一种基于超表面同时实现RCS缩减和DOA估计的方法,并利用一款毫米波超表面对算法进行了验证。实验结果表明,该方法实现的波达角估计误差在1°以内,同时RCS缩减大于10 dB,为DOA估计和RCS缩减功能的集成提供了全新的思路,具有高性能、低成本等特点。

面向星载SAR在轨解译的数字孪生建模与处理

近年来,星载合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar, SAR)成像和SAR图像处理已广泛应用在遥感图像领域的各个方面。SAR通常将接收到的回波数据传回地面系统进行处理,这导致当前星载SAR系统存在星地数据传输压力大、系统实时响应能力差等问题,因此将星载SAR成像和图像处理两大任务部署在SAR卫星上进行在轨解译成为新的解决方案。但SAR卫星上的载荷空间资源有限,难以搭载完成星载SAR成像和图像处理任务所需要的高性能计算设备,同时SAR卫星的制造成本高、研发风险大,需要在发射前对其进行验证。为解决上述问题,结合数字孪生技术设计了一种面向星载SAR在轨解译的数字孪生系统。在该系统中,首先构建了用于获取星载SAR回波数据及卫星几何信息的数据采集模型;其次,设计了用于模拟星载SAR在轨解译的数据处理模型及数据应用模型,为了适应星上资源有限的环境,对在轨解译进行了并行计算优化和轻量化处理;最后,搭建了一套由低功耗设备组成的系统硬件平台用于模拟资源有限的卫星环境。在多种场景目标下对该数字孪生系统进行实验,实验结果表明所设计数字孪生系统可以有效地模拟星载SAR在轨解译全流程,能为实际中的星载SAR在轨解译和功能验证提供合适的系统平台。

基于多核DSP的星载双基FMCW SAR成像算法实现

调频连续波(frequency modulated continuous wave,FMCW)合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)降低了传感器的峰值传输功率,使系统的重量和成本最小化,被广泛应用于机载平台。将双基地构型与FMCW技术相结合,应用于星载平台,即构成星载双基地FMCW SAR。本文对距离多普勒(range-Doppler,RD)算法进行改进,建立起一种高性能的适宜星载双基地平台的FMCW SAR成像频域算法,这种算法的处理精度明显提高,成像效果更好。基于多核数字信号处理器(digital signal processor,DSP)构建适用于星载双基SAR成像算法的并行处理架构,完成软硬件设计实现。验证了所提软件架构可以满足实时成像需求,以及算法工程化实现的可行性。

基于XSIM平台某型雷达数字模型设计与实现

针对美某型舰载雷达使命任务和基本性能,提出了一种基于XSIM平台某型舰载雷达数字模型设计方法,从软件组成、软件部署、软件流程及接口报文等方面,系统阐述了基于XSIM平台雷达数字仿真模型技术实现,并采用动态模型验证方法对数字模型进行了验证,结果表明数字模型满足要求。

海空背景下低慢小目标泛探雷达多域多维特征建模与分析

飞鸟和无人机等“低慢小”目标回波微弱、特征不明显,对雷达探测和识别提出了很高的要求,对其特征建模与特性分析是基础,而获取雷达多域多维的目标特征是前提。数字阵泛探雷达通过“宽发窄收”工作模式,实现目标的长时间积累,实现更高的积累增益和多普勒分辨率,能够获得目标的多域多维特征,为“低慢小”目标的精细化处理和探测识别一体化奠定了基础。该文针对海空背景下的飞鸟、旋翼和固定翼无人机、直升机等“低慢小”目标,利用数字阵泛探雷达系统获得的距离-方位-帧间、距离-脉冲-帧间等多维数据,提取目标的时域回波特征(单帧脉冲回波、动态脉冲回波)、变换域多普勒特征(多普勒瀑布图、微多普勒谱)、长时间机动特征(加速度序列、加加速度序列、航迹)7类19种多域多维特征,能够充分的反映目标在单帧和多帧数据间的幅值起伏、能量变化、运动、机动、微动等特性,从而实现对“低慢小”目标的精细化特性描述与分析。最后,采集并构建了数字阵泛探雷达“低慢小”目标特征数据集,对典型目标的特征进行验证和定量、定性分析,总结不同目标的特征差异,验证结果表明,四种类型的“低慢小”目标的多维特征具有明显的区别,获得的特征和差异将为后续的“低慢小”目标分类和识别提供重要支撑。

面向子带分解的非均匀抽取均衡算法

宽带数字阵列雷达通道失配严重的情况下,带宽分割法相比逆傅里叶变换法均衡效果更好,但其在不完全分解时重建误差较大且占用硬件资源过多;针对上述问题,提出一种延长带宽非均匀抽取均衡算法;该方法设定需要划分的子带数目,根据阻带截止频率的位置合并不参与均衡的子带;依据待均衡子带的频率特性对其非均匀抽取,并进行子带内均衡;均衡后各子带经过插值和合并操作,完成整个均衡过程;实验结果表明,在均衡子带个数和重建误差相等的情况下,相比带宽分割法,提出方法的幅度改善因子和相位改善因子分别提高5.39 dB和7.48 dB,降低了运算复杂度和硬件资源占用率。

BIM 技术在地下管廊与市政配套工程中应用价值分析

市政领域需要协调的专业很广,无论是市政与路桥、景观与道路、地下管线与地下管廊,可以说,BIM技术可以贯穿设计、施工、运维的全过程,为多专业协同工作提供了可能。本文按照设计到竣工的全过程为时间线,将探索的技术应用点串联成伴随全过程的工作流程,由浅入深地阐述BIM技术在地下管廊与市政配套工程中的应用价值,为建筑业的产业升级提供一定的技术支持与数据支撑。