Current financial discourse suggests the imminence of a cashless society,a concept that arose from the global popularization of digital financial services and the development of technologies with the potential for app...Current financial discourse suggests the imminence of a cashless society,a concept that arose from the global popularization of digital financial services and the development of technologies with the potential for application in financial markets.However,claims about the impending obsolescence of paper money are neither disruptive nor a novelty.Instead,this paper argues that the conversion of money from paper to bits has been a gradual,adaptive process,and that money is already digital.Moreover,in this paper we propose that the statuses of electronic money(e-money)and banknotes have switched in the view of monetary authorities.展开更多
1 GoTa System Features andLocation Service1.1 GoTaGoTa, the abbreviation of“Global OpenTrunking Architecture”, is anew-generation digital trunkingcommunication system based on theCDMA2000 1x technology. It makes use...1 GoTa System Features andLocation Service1.1 GoTaGoTa, the abbreviation of“Global OpenTrunking Architecture”, is anew-generation digital trunkingcommunication system based on theCDMA2000 1x technology. It makes use of manyadvantages of the CDMA technology and makesimprovement and optimization for the digitaltrunking communication system. It cansimultaneously realize multipte services including展开更多
As an important part of National Digital Library(NDL),the National Digital Library Project(NDLP),which was launched in 2005,has attracted wide attention of the society in general.This paper introduces the general situ...As an important part of National Digital Library(NDL),the National Digital Library Project(NDLP),which was launched in 2005,has attracted wide attention of the society in general.This paper introduces the general situation of the project from the following aspects,namely,the characteristics,objectives and contents.It also expounds on the basic ideas and the overall structure of the project and gives an introduction to the design of its basic platform,its application platform,its business management system and its standardization control system.In this paper,the digital resources construction and service delivery of the National Library of China(NLC)are introduced to cover both its present operation as well as those in conjunction with the opening of its new library building during its second-phase of library development.Finally,the most important and difficult point in the construction of the National Digital Library Project is analyzed from the following four perspectives:1)The long-term preservation of digital resources;2)the construction of knowledge organization system;3)the organic integration of the digital library and the traditional library;and 4)the risk of project management and system integration.展开更多
Purpose:The purpose of the research is to investigate public needs for digital information service in the Chinese libraries and museums and seek ways to help these public service institutions improve their service to ...Purpose:The purpose of the research is to investigate public needs for digital information service in the Chinese libraries and museums and seek ways to help these public service institutions improve their service to meet user needs.Design/methodology/approach:An online questionnaire survey was used to study the publicneeds for digital information service provided by libraries and museums.A total of 474 valid questionnaires were retrieved for analysis.Findings:The primary purpose of using the digital library and museum service was for knowledge acquisition,followed by work or class assignment and leisure and entertainment.Users need one-stop information service that provides information and service in a more integrated form and allows cross-database searching as well.Research limitations:A majority of the respondents were young and middle-aged people who often use the Internet.We would need to increase our sample size and include different groups of users such as children and retirees to make the sample more representative.Practical implications:Libraries and museums should collaborate to provide the users with one-stop digital information service.Meanwhile,the research can serve as a reference source for the future studies of digital library and museum service.Originality/value:Few studies were published on the public needs for digital library and museum service in China.This study bridges the gap and contributes to our understanding of the Chinese users’ needs for digital information service in libraries and museums.展开更多
China’s service sector has developed a lot in the 13th Five-Year Plan period,and is positioned to upgrade on all fronts in the new era. In the 14th Five-Year Plan period,China’s service sector boasts huge potentials...China’s service sector has developed a lot in the 13th Five-Year Plan period,and is positioned to upgrade on all fronts in the new era. In the 14th Five-Year Plan period,China’s service sector boasts huge potentials and is expected to maintain steady growth. By2025, the service sector is expected to account for 59.05% of total value added, 54.96% ofemployment, 60.51% of fixed asset investment, and 50.04% of consumption. Service laborproductivity will rise from 143,400 yuan/person in 2019 to 178,400 yuan/person by 2025.It can thus be concluded that in the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China’s service sectorwill play a dominant role in the economy and head toward higher quality development. Toachieve this goal, we must allow for the decisive role of the market and the fundamentalrole of the government, and open up new prospects in development of the service sector withrespect to digilitalization, platform-based operations, smart technology, integration, andstandardization.展开更多
In this paper,the characteristics of digital trade in services of China are measured and revealed from the perspective of digitalization of trade in services.A digital global value chain is constructed and comprehensi...In this paper,the characteristics of digital trade in services of China are measured and revealed from the perspective of digitalization of trade in services.A digital global value chain is constructed and comprehensively analyzed at the three levels of path decomposition,two-way digital connection and bilateral connection.The study finds that the digital added value of China’s services driven by domestic demand outweighs that driven by foreign demand,and most countries engage in digital trade in services with China through simple participation;the role of China’s services in the digital global value chain is shifting from“digital value input”to“digital value output”,but its relative position is still low;China’s dependence on the import of digital intermediate products from developed countries has been significantly reduced,and the country has become the main source of digital intermediate imports for most countries,acting as a“hub”in the digital global value chain.This study comprehensively evaluates the strategic positioning and paths of integrating China’s services into the digital global value chain in multiple dimensions under the unifi ed accounting framework.It provides the reference for further improving the statistics accounting framework of China’s digital trade and promoting the high-quality development of the digital economy.展开更多
L1 is,generally,believed to affect the acquisition of second language negatively.Because there is likely to be a negative transfer form L1 to L2,when the learner lacks sufficient knowledge for communicating his or her...L1 is,generally,believed to affect the acquisition of second language negatively.Because there is likely to be a negative transfer form L1 to L2,when the learner lacks sufficient knowledge for communicating his or her ideas in L2 and then draw upon the L1.The transfer includes both positive and negative transfer.However,the role of L1 is more often viewed as negative,causing negative transfer that results in a variety of errors.Generally,English and Chinese do not have many of the shared syntactical features.Hence the syntactic transfer is predictable when using the L2.This may lead to such errors as those in the noun phrase,in the verb phrase and various omissions.This paper analyses those errors in English writing,which represent the negative syntactic transfer from Chinese to English.Moreover,it discusses in details the particular causes for that transfer and propose improving the awareness of the syntactic distinction between these two languages in Chinese students.展开更多
The article firstly summarizes the structure and development of special libraries in China.Then,the best practices of the documentation,information and consulting services of the Chinese special libraries in the digit...The article firstly summarizes the structure and development of special libraries in China.Then,the best practices of the documentation,information and consulting services of the Chinese special libraries in the digital and networking environment are provided.It finally explores the approaches for the special libraries to offer new professional services in order to meet the needs for knowledge-based services.展开更多
This article attempts to apply the strategic management theory to the subsequent shaping up of a readjusted strategic development policy for Shanghai Library after its merger with the Institute of Scientific and Techn...This article attempts to apply the strategic management theory to the subsequent shaping up of a readjusted strategic development policy for Shanghai Library after its merger with the Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of Shanghai(ISTIS)in 1995.It also tries to analyze and explicate such an empirical implementation of institutional reintegration process through strategic management at Shanghai Metropolitan Library.By doing so,it aims to present an objective case study of activities based on the strategic management paradigm at a major Chinese metropolitan public library.展开更多
At present, most mobile terminals do not have any functions of fights management, and the cryptology-based method cannot resolve all the copyright problems in the mobile digital distribution service. With the urgent d...At present, most mobile terminals do not have any functions of fights management, and the cryptology-based method cannot resolve all the copyright problems in the mobile digital distribution service. With the urgent demand of digital rights management in digital distribution service, a scheme independent of terminals is proposed in this article. It integrates the watermark and signature techniques. In this article the scheme theory, architecture, service process, and performance are mainly discussed. In the end, the functional relationship between the proposed digital rights management (DRM) and the cryptology-based open mobile alliance digital rights management (OMA-DRM) is given. The analysis shows that the scheme is feasible and secure.展开更多
Given its superior importance of digital agricultural solutions to overcome challenges in agricultural activities,many of the solutions are in face of challenges to scale in Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA).On the other hand,t...Given its superior importance of digital agricultural solutions to overcome challenges in agricultural activities,many of the solutions are in face of challenges to scale in Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA).On the other hand,the impact of digitalization on economic development in developing countries is documented in several literatures but digital technologies have lately touched the agricultural sector in SSA.The objective of this study was to briefly reviewthe impact of digital solution on smallholder farmers agriculture transformation,and the key and challenges influencing of agricultural digitalization in SSA.We used all-inclusive approach comprising original research articles,peer-reviewed articles,working papers,conference papers,book chapters,database,guide book,and indexes from 60 recent empirical academic studies conducted on impacts on digital solution in the region to produce a broad review.Results showthat digital solution,when effectively used in SSA,has enabled smallholder farmers to gain a wide range of benefits involving access to real timely price,market,and farming information and safe financial transactions,alternative value chain linkages,multifaceted knowledge,better earning and yield,reduce costs,social well-being and risk minimization,women empowerment benefits.In contrast,fail to use adaptable tools,unaffordability,digital illiterateness,low participation of women and old smallholder farmers due to their low income and education status,are main barriers to digitalization in agriculture.Accordingly,it essential to the SSA countries to invest on technologies that is adaptable their target population,ensure balancing regulatory and delivery approaches that permit equal involvement ofwomen,old age category,and remote areas,realize affordable access to digital services through reducing data costs and tax cuts on digital agricultural tools,and offering digital skill training for farmers by segmenting them into their gender,age,and education to fully harness the opportunities of digitalization in agriculture.展开更多
基金This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public,commercial,or not-for-profit sectors.
文摘Current financial discourse suggests the imminence of a cashless society,a concept that arose from the global popularization of digital financial services and the development of technologies with the potential for application in financial markets.However,claims about the impending obsolescence of paper money are neither disruptive nor a novelty.Instead,this paper argues that the conversion of money from paper to bits has been a gradual,adaptive process,and that money is already digital.Moreover,in this paper we propose that the statuses of electronic money(e-money)and banknotes have switched in the view of monetary authorities.
文摘1 GoTa System Features andLocation Service1.1 GoTaGoTa, the abbreviation of“Global OpenTrunking Architecture”, is anew-generation digital trunkingcommunication system based on theCDMA2000 1x technology. It makes use of manyadvantages of the CDMA technology and makesimprovement and optimization for the digitaltrunking communication system. It cansimultaneously realize multipte services including
基金supported by the Ministry of Education of P.R.China(Grant No.07JJD870221)
文摘As an important part of National Digital Library(NDL),the National Digital Library Project(NDLP),which was launched in 2005,has attracted wide attention of the society in general.This paper introduces the general situation of the project from the following aspects,namely,the characteristics,objectives and contents.It also expounds on the basic ideas and the overall structure of the project and gives an introduction to the design of its basic platform,its application platform,its business management system and its standardization control system.In this paper,the digital resources construction and service delivery of the National Library of China(NLC)are introduced to cover both its present operation as well as those in conjunction with the opening of its new library building during its second-phase of library development.Finally,the most important and difficult point in the construction of the National Digital Library Project is analyzed from the following four perspectives:1)The long-term preservation of digital resources;2)the construction of knowledge organization system;3)the organic integration of the digital library and the traditional library;and 4)the risk of project management and system integration.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:13ATQ001)
文摘Purpose:The purpose of the research is to investigate public needs for digital information service in the Chinese libraries and museums and seek ways to help these public service institutions improve their service to meet user needs.Design/methodology/approach:An online questionnaire survey was used to study the publicneeds for digital information service provided by libraries and museums.A total of 474 valid questionnaires were retrieved for analysis.Findings:The primary purpose of using the digital library and museum service was for knowledge acquisition,followed by work or class assignment and leisure and entertainment.Users need one-stop information service that provides information and service in a more integrated form and allows cross-database searching as well.Research limitations:A majority of the respondents were young and middle-aged people who often use the Internet.We would need to increase our sample size and include different groups of users such as children and retirees to make the sample more representative.Practical implications:Libraries and museums should collaborate to provide the users with one-stop digital information service.Meanwhile,the research can serve as a reference source for the future studies of digital library and museum service.Originality/value:Few studies were published on the public needs for digital library and museum service in China.This study bridges the gap and contributes to our understanding of the Chinese users’ needs for digital information service in libraries and museums.
基金the Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences: “Study on Service Sector Upgrade Strategies and MajorPolicies in the 14th Five-Year Plan Period” (Grant No. 2020CJY01-B004).
文摘China’s service sector has developed a lot in the 13th Five-Year Plan period,and is positioned to upgrade on all fronts in the new era. In the 14th Five-Year Plan period,China’s service sector boasts huge potentials and is expected to maintain steady growth. By2025, the service sector is expected to account for 59.05% of total value added, 54.96% ofemployment, 60.51% of fixed asset investment, and 50.04% of consumption. Service laborproductivity will rise from 143,400 yuan/person in 2019 to 178,400 yuan/person by 2025.It can thus be concluded that in the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China’s service sectorwill play a dominant role in the economy and head toward higher quality development. Toachieve this goal, we must allow for the decisive role of the market and the fundamentalrole of the government, and open up new prospects in development of the service sector withrespect to digilitalization, platform-based operations, smart technology, integration, andstandardization.
基金National Social Science Fund of China“Coupling between Value Chain and Ecological Chain,Collaboration Mechanisms,and Countermeasures”(18BJY006)Quanzhou Science and Technology Program“High-Quality Management Models of Export-Oriented Enterprises under the Withdrawal of Manufacturing:Strategies Accommodating Both Cost Control and Social Responsibilities”(2018C086R).
文摘In this paper,the characteristics of digital trade in services of China are measured and revealed from the perspective of digitalization of trade in services.A digital global value chain is constructed and comprehensively analyzed at the three levels of path decomposition,two-way digital connection and bilateral connection.The study finds that the digital added value of China’s services driven by domestic demand outweighs that driven by foreign demand,and most countries engage in digital trade in services with China through simple participation;the role of China’s services in the digital global value chain is shifting from“digital value input”to“digital value output”,but its relative position is still low;China’s dependence on the import of digital intermediate products from developed countries has been significantly reduced,and the country has become the main source of digital intermediate imports for most countries,acting as a“hub”in the digital global value chain.This study comprehensively evaluates the strategic positioning and paths of integrating China’s services into the digital global value chain in multiple dimensions under the unifi ed accounting framework.It provides the reference for further improving the statistics accounting framework of China’s digital trade and promoting the high-quality development of the digital economy.
文摘L1 is,generally,believed to affect the acquisition of second language negatively.Because there is likely to be a negative transfer form L1 to L2,when the learner lacks sufficient knowledge for communicating his or her ideas in L2 and then draw upon the L1.The transfer includes both positive and negative transfer.However,the role of L1 is more often viewed as negative,causing negative transfer that results in a variety of errors.Generally,English and Chinese do not have many of the shared syntactical features.Hence the syntactic transfer is predictable when using the L2.This may lead to such errors as those in the noun phrase,in the verb phrase and various omissions.This paper analyses those errors in English writing,which represent the negative syntactic transfer from Chinese to English.Moreover,it discusses in details the particular causes for that transfer and propose improving the awareness of the syntactic distinction between these two languages in Chinese students.
文摘The article firstly summarizes the structure and development of special libraries in China.Then,the best practices of the documentation,information and consulting services of the Chinese special libraries in the digital and networking environment are provided.It finally explores the approaches for the special libraries to offer new professional services in order to meet the needs for knowledge-based services.
文摘This article attempts to apply the strategic management theory to the subsequent shaping up of a readjusted strategic development policy for Shanghai Library after its merger with the Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of Shanghai(ISTIS)in 1995.It also tries to analyze and explicate such an empirical implementation of institutional reintegration process through strategic management at Shanghai Metropolitan Library.By doing so,it aims to present an objective case study of activities based on the strategic management paradigm at a major Chinese metropolitan public library.
文摘At present, most mobile terminals do not have any functions of fights management, and the cryptology-based method cannot resolve all the copyright problems in the mobile digital distribution service. With the urgent demand of digital rights management in digital distribution service, a scheme independent of terminals is proposed in this article. It integrates the watermark and signature techniques. In this article the scheme theory, architecture, service process, and performance are mainly discussed. In the end, the functional relationship between the proposed digital rights management (DRM) and the cryptology-based open mobile alliance digital rights management (OMA-DRM) is given. The analysis shows that the scheme is feasible and secure.
文摘Given its superior importance of digital agricultural solutions to overcome challenges in agricultural activities,many of the solutions are in face of challenges to scale in Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA).On the other hand,the impact of digitalization on economic development in developing countries is documented in several literatures but digital technologies have lately touched the agricultural sector in SSA.The objective of this study was to briefly reviewthe impact of digital solution on smallholder farmers agriculture transformation,and the key and challenges influencing of agricultural digitalization in SSA.We used all-inclusive approach comprising original research articles,peer-reviewed articles,working papers,conference papers,book chapters,database,guide book,and indexes from 60 recent empirical academic studies conducted on impacts on digital solution in the region to produce a broad review.Results showthat digital solution,when effectively used in SSA,has enabled smallholder farmers to gain a wide range of benefits involving access to real timely price,market,and farming information and safe financial transactions,alternative value chain linkages,multifaceted knowledge,better earning and yield,reduce costs,social well-being and risk minimization,women empowerment benefits.In contrast,fail to use adaptable tools,unaffordability,digital illiterateness,low participation of women and old smallholder farmers due to their low income and education status,are main barriers to digitalization in agriculture.Accordingly,it essential to the SSA countries to invest on technologies that is adaptable their target population,ensure balancing regulatory and delivery approaches that permit equal involvement ofwomen,old age category,and remote areas,realize affordable access to digital services through reducing data costs and tax cuts on digital agricultural tools,and offering digital skill training for farmers by segmenting them into their gender,age,and education to fully harness the opportunities of digitalization in agriculture.