Application of Digital Technology in Road and Bridge Design

With the development and progress of science and technology,road and bridge design has experienced rapid development,from the initial manual drawing design to the popularity of Computer-Aided Design(CAD),and then to today’s digital software design era.Early designers relied on hand-drawn paper design forms which was time-consuming and error-prone.Digital support for road and bridge design not only saves the design time but the design quality has also achieved a qualitative leap.This paper engages in the application of digital technology in road and bridge design,to provide technical reference for China’s road and bridge engineering design units,to promote the popularity of Civil3D and other advanced design software in the field of engineering design and development,ultimately contributing to the sustainable development of China’s road and bridge engineering.

International Communication of the Belt and Road Initiative in the Digital Era

The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),from concept to action,and from a blueprint to high-quality cooperation,has had a widespread impact on the world over the past ten years,and has become a representative Chinese discourse and Chinese hallmark.Over the past decade,China has joined hands with other countries in pursuing high-quality BRI cooperation,shared development opportunities for common development.

Risk assessment of oil and gas investment environment in countries along the Belt and Road Initiative

With the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, China is deepening its cooperation in oil and gas resources with countries along the Initiative. In order to better mitigate risks and enhance the safety of investments, it is of significant importance to research the oil and gas investment environment in these countries for China's overseas investment macro-layout. This paper proposes an indicator system including 27 indicators from 6 dimensions. On this basis, game theory models combined with global entropy method and analytic hierarchy process are applied to determine the combined weights, and the TOPSIS-GRA model is utilized to assess the risks of oil and gas investment in 76 countries along the Initiative from 2014 to 2021. Finally, the GM(1,1) model is employed to predict risk values for 2022-2025. In conclusion, oil and gas resources and political factors have the greatest impact on investment environment risk, and 12 countries with greater investment potential are selected through cluster analysis in conjunction with the predicted results. The research findings may provide scientific decisionmaking recommendations for the Chinese government and oil enterprises to strengthen oil and gas investment cooperation with countries along the Belt and Road Initiative.

The coordinated evolution of ecological environment,public service,and tourism economy along the Silk Road Economic Belt,using the Dual-Carbon Targets

Carbon peak and carbon neutrality(dual-carbon)are important targets for the international response to climate change.The Silk Road Economic Belt is a strategic resource region and is important for future ecological environment and tourism development.Based on the“dual-carbon”targets,the Single index quantification,Multiple index synthesis,and Poly-criteria integration evaluation model were used in this study to measure the coordinated development index of the ecological environment,public service,and tourism economy along the Silk Road Economic Belt and to analyze its spatial and temporal evolution.Further,it explores the dynamic evolution and development trend of the three systems using the Kernel Density and Grey Markov Prediction Model.The results show that the coordinated development index along this region needs to be improved during the study period.Furthermore,the coordinated development index of the Southwest region is relatively higher than that of the Northwest region.From the development trend of the three systems,all of them develop in a stable manner;however,the tourism economy system is easily affected by external disturbances.The coordinated development index of the three systems changes dynamically and tends to be in a good state of coordination.There is a certain spatial and temporal heterogeneity.The gravity center of the coordinated development index has been in the Southwest region.During the forecast period,the coordinated development index along this region will improve significantly,while insufficient and unbalanced development will continue.

Digital Extraction of Altitudinal Belt Spectra in the West Kunlun Mountains Using SPOT-VGT NDVI and SRTM DEM

In this paper, a digital identification method for the extraction of altitudinal belt spectra of montane natural belts is presented. Acquiring the sequential spectra of digital altitudinal belts in mountains at an acceptable temporal frequency and over a large area requires extensive time and work if traditional methods of field investigation are to be used. Such being the case, often the altitudinal belts of a whole mountain or the belts at a regional scale are represented by single points. However, single points obviously cannot accurately reflect the spatial variety of altitudinal belts. In this context, a digital method was developed to extract the spectra of altitudinal belts from remote sensing data and SRTM DEM in the We.st Kunlun Mountains. By means of the 4km resolution SPOT-4 vegetation 10-day composite NDVI, the horizontal distribution of altitudinal belts were extracted through supervised classification, with a total classification accuracy of 72.23%. Then, a way of twice-scan was used to realize the automatic transition of horizontal maps to vertical belts. The classification results of remote-sensing data could thus be transformed automatically to sequential spectra of digital altitudinal belts. The upper and lower lines of the altitudinal belts were then extracted by vertical scanning of the belts. Relationships between the altitudinal belts based on the montane natural zones concerning vegetation types and the geomorphological altitudinal belts discussed. As a tentative method, were also the digital extraction method presented here is effective at digitally identifying altitudinal belts, and could be helpful in rapid information extraction over large-scale areas.

Digital Spectra and Analysis of Altitudinal Belts in Tianshan Mountains, China

Based on the framework of the geo-info spectra of montane altitudinal belts, this paper firstly reviews six classification systems for the spectra of mountain altitudinal belts in China and considers that detailed regional study of altitudinal belts is the key for reaching standardization and systemization of mountain altitudinal belts. Only can this further identify and resolve problems with the study of altitudinal belts. The factors forming the spectra of altitudinal belts are analyzed in the Tianshan Mountains of China, and a digital altitudinal belt system is constructed for the northern flank, southern flank, the heartland, and Ili valley in the west. The characteristics of each belt are revealed with a summarization of the pattern of areal differentiation of altitudinal belts.

Innovation Analysis of Rural Agricultural Economic Management Model in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative

[Objectives]To explore innovative strategies for rural agricultural economic development in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative.[Methods]This research adopts the method of literature review and field research,systematically combs the research results related to the Belt and Road Initiative and rural agricultural economic management,and deeply understands the actual situation of rural agricultural economic management.[Results]The research shows that in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative,the rural agricultural economy is facing new development opportunities and challenges,but there are also some problems.In the new period,we should accelerate the innovative development of rural agricultural economy by promoting market-oriented reform,strengthening scientific and technological innovation,optimizing the industrial structure,deepening international cooperation and other measures.The Belt and Road Initiative provides an important opportunity for the innovation of rural agricultural economic management.Rural agricultural economic management should be actively integrated into the Belt and Road construction to improve the level of rural agricultural economic management.[Conclusions]This study provides useful exploration and reference for the innovation of rural agricultural economic management models,which helps to promote the healthy development of rural agricultural economy and achieve the goal of rural revitalization.

Colorectal cancer’s burden attributable to a diet high in processed meat in the Belt and Road Initiative countries

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)plays a significant role in morbidity,mortality,and economic cost in the Belt and Road Initiative(“B and R”)countries.In addition,these countries have a substantial consumption of processed meat.However,the burden and trend of CRC in relation to the consumption of a diet high in processed meat(DHPM-CRC)in these“B and R”countries remain unknown.AIM To analyze the burden and trend of DHPM-CRC in the“B and R”countries from 1990 to 2019.METHODS We used the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study to collate information regarding the burden of DHPM-CRC.Numbers and age-standardized rates(ASRs)of deaths along with the disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)were determined among the“B and R”countries in 1990 and 2019.Using joinpoint regression analysis,the average annual percent change(AAPC)was used to analyze the temporal trends of age-standardized DALYs rate(ASDALR)from 1990 to 2019 and in the final decade(2010–2019).RESULTS We found geographical differences in the burden of DHPM-CRC among“B and R”countries,with the three highest-ranking countries being the Russian Federation,China,and Ukraine in 1990,and China,the Russian Federation,and Poland in 2019.The burden of DHPM-CRC generally increased in most member countries from 1990 to 2019(all P<0.05).The absolute number of deaths and DALYs in DHPM-CRC were 3151.15[95%uncertainty interval(UI)665.74-5696.64]and 83249.31(95%UI 15628.64-151956.31)in China in 2019.However,the number of deaths(2627.57-2528.51)and DALYs(65867.39-55378.65)for DHPM-CRC in the Russian Federation has declined.The fastest increase in ASDALR for DHPM-CRC was observed in Vietnam,Southeast Asia,with an AAPC value of 3.90%[95%confidence interval(CI):3.63%-4.16%],whereas the fastest decline was observed in Kyrgyzstan,Central Asia,with an AAPC value of-2.05%(95%CI:-2.37%to-1.73%).A substantial upward trend in ASR of mortality,years lived with disability,years of life lost,and DALYs from DHPM-CRC changes in 1990-2019 and the final decade(2010-2019)for most Maritime Silk Route members in East Asia,South Asia,Southeast Asia,North Africa,and the Middle East,as well as Central Europe,while those of the most Land Silk Route members in Central Asia and Eastern Europe have decreased markedly(all P<0.05).The ASDALR for DHPM-CRC increased more in males than in females(all P<0.05).For those aged 50-74 years,the ASDALR for DHPM-CRC in 40 members exhibited an increasing trend,except for 20 members,including 7 members in Central Asia,Maldives,and 12 high or high-middle social development index(SDI)members in other regions(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION The burden of DHPM-CRC varies substantially across“B and R”countries and threatens public health.Relevant evidence-based policies and interventions tailored to the different trends of countries in SDIs or Silk Routes should be adopted to reduce the future burden of CRC in“B and R”countries via extensive collaboration.

High-Quality Development in China-Arab Digital Economy Cooperation:Opportunities,Challenges and Prospect

As the world undergoes a digital transformation,China-Arab cooperation in the digital economy has become a pivotal area of international engagement.This article explores the opportunities,challenges,and prospects of this cooperation,with a particular focus on the Digital Silk Road initiative under the Belt and Road framework.The study highlights the synergies between China’s technological advancements and the digital strategies of Arab countries,examining progress in key areas such as cooperation mechanisms,digital infrastructure,and cross-border e-commerce.Moreover,it identifies significant challenges,including the digital divide and talent shortages,and proposes strategies to enhance China-Arab digital economy cooperation.These strategies include improving digital infrastructure,growing digital talent cultivation,and developing smart city initiatives alongside expanding cross-border e-commerce,all aimed at fostering sustainable and mutually beneficial outcomes.

Building China-Latin America Digital Silk Road: Challenges and Roadmap

As the Belt and Road Initiative is officially extended to Latin America, China and Latin American countries will work together to build the Digital Silk Road. The two sides need to formulate or refine relevant rules in the interest of both parties, and gradually integrate their cooperation into the framework of global digital economic governance.

Preliminary Study on Overseas Applicability of Chinese Architectural Design Standards:Taking China-Aided Construction Projects in Asia Since the Belt and Road Initiative as Examples

This research takes China-aided construction projects in Asia since the Belt and Road Initiative as examples to explore the applicability of Chinese architectural design standards in other Asian countries.So far,the standards demonstrated the highest applicability in South Asia is the best followed by Southeast Asia.Chinese architectural design standards for educational buildings showed the highest applicability,followed by office,medical,and sports buildings.This study puts forward some strategies to improve the applicability of Chinese architectural design standards.These strategies include integrating regionalism and local cultural traditions,optimizing energy efficiency,and aligning designs with local usage habits.This study serves as a reference for similar projects in the future.

The Impact of the“Belt and Road”Initiative on Industrial Structure Upgrading Along the Corridor

The“Belt and Road”initiative functions as a novel impetus for China’s external economic development within the framework of the new normal of economic growth.By leveraging panel data from 30 provinces and regions across China for the period of 2010 to 2020,this research assesses the influence of the“Belt and Road”initiative on the enhancement of the industrial structure along its trajectory.The findings indicate that:the most notable influence on the rationalization and progress of the industrial structure is observed in the eastern region,with the central region following suit,whereas the western region has yet to exhibit a significant transformation.The analysis delves into the role of technological innovation,concluding that the initiative primarily catalyzes optimization and upgrading through the effect of technological advancement.The study advances several pertinent policy recommendations to support and enhance these developments.

Research on the Communication and Development of Heilongjiang Cultural and Creative Industry under the Background of“Belt and Road”

This paper focuses on the research on the dissemination and development of cultural and creative industries in Heilongjiang Province under the background of“Belt and Road.”Firstly,the paper analyzes the main characteristics of cultural and creative industries in Heilongjiang Province and then puts forward the leading advantages of the government to promote the development of cultural and creative industries.The government gives full play to its regional advantages and creates Longjiang cultural products,while also accelerating regional industrial cooperation and innovative cultural communication forms.In-depth discussion is made on integrating scientific and technological means of the times and strengthening the cultivation of innovative talents.The government optimizes the communication and development path of the Heilongjiang cultural entrepreneurship industry and brings positive influence to the stable development of the Heilongjiang region in the future.

Analysis of International Cooperation Management Strategies of Enterprises under the Background of the“Belt and Road”

With the deepening of the“Belt and Road”initiative,Chinese enterprises are facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges for international cooperation.This paper mainly analyzes the current situation,existing problems,and coping strategies of enterprise international cooperation management in the context of the“Belt and Road”.This article expounds on the importance of the“Belt and Road”initiative for international cooperation of enterprises and analyzes the key links of international cooperation management of enterprises from the aspects of internationalization strategy,cross-cultural management,risk prevention and control,and resource integration.Finally,combined with the case,this paper puts forward the management strategies and suggestions that enterprises should adopt in international cooperation,to provide a useful reference for Chinese enterprises in international cooperation in the construction of the“Belt and Road.”

Discourse Analysis of the Belt and Road Initiative From the Perspective of Central Asian Countries: A Case Study of the Republic of Kazakhstan

This study employs Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis(CDA)three-dimensional model,using the Republic of Kazakhstan as a case study,to delve into the discourse construction of China’s Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)in Central Asian countries.Through detailed analysis of policy documents,media reports,and public discussions in Central Asian countries,this paper reveals how the BRI constructs specific social practices,discourse events,and textual meanings within these nations.The findings indicate that through this global development strategy,China has not only strengthened its economic ties with Central Asian countries but has also exerted profound influences on political,cultural,and social levels.

Efficient and reliable road modeling for digital maps based on cardinal spline

In order to realize an optimal balance between the efficiency and reliability requirements ofroad models,a road modeling method for digital maps based on cardinal spline is studied.First,the cardinal spline is chosen to establish an initial road model,which is specified by a series of control points and tension parameters.Then,in view of the initial road model,a gradual optimization algorithm,which can determine the reasonable control points and optimal tension parameters according to the degree of the change of road curvature,is proposed to determine the final road model.Finally,the proposed road modeling method is verified a d evaluated through experiments,and it is compared with the conventional method for digital maps based on the B-spline.The results show that the proposed method can resize a neaoptimal balance between the efficiency and reliability requirements.Compared with the conventional method based on the B-spline,this method occupies less data storage and achieves higher accuracy.

Automatic Road Extraction in Rural Areas Based on Digital Imaging and Laser Scanner Data

Digitizing road maps manually is an expensive and time-consuming task. Several methods that intend to develop fully or semi-automated systems have been proposed. In this work we introduce a method, based on the Radon transform and optimal algorithms, which extracts automatically roads on images of rural areas, images that were acquired by digital cameras and airborne laser scanners. The proposed method detects linear segments iteratively and starting from this it generates the centerlines of the roads. The method is based on an objective function which depends on three parameters related to the correlation between the cross-sections, spectral similarity and directions of the segments. Different tests were performed using aerial photos, Ikonos images and laser scanner data of an area located in the state of Parana （Brazil） and their results are presented and discussed. The quality of the detection of the roads centerlines was computed using several indexes - completeness, correctness and RMS. The values obtained reveal the good performance of the proposed methodology.

A Study on the Needs and the Way of the International Talents Training for Shaanxi Under"the Belt and Road"

This article,emphatically analyzes the needs and the way of internationall talents training for Shaanxi under"the Belt and Road".And it’s hoped that the results can be helpful for providing Shaanxi with solid talents support under the opportunity of"the Belt and Road".

International Dissemination of TCM Culture under the "Belt and Road" Initiative: Opportunities and Challenges

The international dissemination of TCM culture, as a carrier of the implementation of the"Belt and Road"Initiative, is being endowed with greater importance. However, the spread of TCM culture into the world faces opportunities as well as challenges. To better serve the"Belt and Road"Initiative, measures should be taken to strengthen TCM communication and cooperation in different aspects and build a sound intellectual property protection system.

An international program on Silk Road Disaster Risk Reduction--a Belt and Road initiative (2016-2020)

Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) is a Chinese national strategy which calls for cooperative economic, political and cultural exchange at the global level along the ancient Silk Road. The overwhelming natural hazards located along the belt and road bring great challenges to the success of BRI. In this framework, a 5-year international program was launched to address issues related to hazards assessment and disaster risk reduction(DRR). The first workshop of this program was held in Beijing with international experts from over 15 countries. Risk conditions on Belt and Road Countries(BRCs) have been shared and science and technology advancements on DRR have been disseminated during the workshop. Under this program, six task forces have been setup to carry out collaborative research works and three prioritized study areas have been established. This workshop announced the launching of this program which involved partners from different countries including Pakistan, Nepal, Russia, Italy, United Kingdom, Sri Lanka and Tajikistan. The program adopted the objectives of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 and United Nation Sustainable Development Goals 2030 and was implemented to assess disaster risk in BRCs and to propose suitable measures for disaster control which can be appropriate both for an individual country and for specific sites. This paper deals with the outcomes of the workshop and points out opportunities for the near future international cooperation on this matter.