Analysis of Mean Monthly Rainfall Runoff Data of Indian Catchments Using Dimensionless Variables by Neural Network

This paper focuses on a concept of using dimensionless variables as input and output to Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and discusses the improvement in the results in terms of various performance criteria as well as simplification of ANN structure for modeling rainfall-runoff process in certain Indian catchments. In the present work, runoff is taken as the response (output) variable while rainfall, slope, area of catchment and forest cover are taken as input parameters. The data used in this study are taken from six drainage basins in the Indian provinces of Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu, located in the different hydro-climatic zones. A standard statistical performance evaluation measures such as root mean square (RMSE), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency and Correlation coefficient were employed to evaluate the performances of various models developed. The results obtained in this study indicate that ANN model using dimensionless variables were able to provide a better representation of rainfall–runoff process in comparison with the ANN models using process variables investigated in this study.

Prediction of Salinity Variations in a Tidal Estuary Using Artificial Neural Network and Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Models

The simulation of salinity at different locations of a tidal river using physically-based hydrodynamic models is quite cumbersome because it requires many types of data, such as hydrological and hydraulic time series at boundaries, river geometry, and adjusted coefficients. Therefore, an artificial neural network (ANN) technique using a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) and a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is adopted as an effective alternative in salinity simulation studies. The present study focuses on comparing the performance of BPNN, RBFNN, and three-dimensional hydrodynamic models as applied to a tidal estuarine system. The observed salinity data sets collected from 18 to 22 May, 16 to 22 October, and 26 to 30 October 2002 (totaling 4320 data points) were used for BPNN and RBFNN model training and for hydrodynamic model calibration. The data sets collected from 30 May to 2 June and 11 to 15 November 2002 (totaling 2592 data points) were adopted for BPNN and RBFNN model verification and for hydrodynamic model verification. The results revealed that the ANN (BPNN and RBFNN) models were capable of predicting the nonlinear time series behavior of salinity to the multiple forcing signals of water stages at different stations and freshwater input at upstream boundaries. The salinity predicted by the ANN models was better than that predicted by the physically based hydrodynamic model. This study suggests that BPNN and RBFNN models are easy-to-use modeling tools for simulating the salinity variation in a tidal estuarine system.

Study on the Classification of Pulse Signal Based on the BP Neural Network

The objectification of the pulse signal analysis is a practical problem. The classification of the pulse signal is studied based on the BP neural network. It is first analyzed how to select the characteristic factors of the pulse signal. Then the method of nondimensionalization/normalization on the pulse signal is presented to preprocess the characteristic factors. The classification of the pulse signal and the effects of the selection of characteristic factors are studied by using the normalized data and BP neural network. It is shown that nondimensionalization/normalization of the data is in favor of the training and forecasting of the network. The selection of characteristic factors affects the accuracy of forecasting obviously. The results of forecasting by selection of 8, 6 and 4 factors respectively show that the less the factors are, the worse the effects are.

Non-Intrusive Load Identification Model Based on 3D Spatial Feature and Convolutional Neural Network

Load identification method is one of the major technical difficulties of non-intrusive composite monitoring. Binary V-I trajectory image can reflect the original V-I trajectory characteristics to a large extent, so it is widely used in load identification. However, using single binary V-I trajectory feature for load identification has certain limitations. In order to improve the accuracy of load identification, the power feature is added on the basis of the binary V-I trajectory feature in this paper. We change the initial binary V-I trajectory into a new 3D feature by mapping the power feature to the third dimension. In order to reduce the impact of imbalance samples on load identification, the SVM SMOTE algorithm is used to balance the samples. Based on the deep learning method, the convolutional neural network model is used to extract the newly produced 3D feature to achieve load identification in this paper. The results indicate the new 3D feature has better observability and the proposed model has higher identification performance compared with other classification models on the public data set PLAID.

基于Bi-LSTM和改进残差学习的风电功率超短期预测方法

现有的方法在以风电功率时间序列拟合功率曲线时,难以表达风电功率数据所包含的趋势性和周期性等时间信息而出现性能退化问题,从而导致预测精度下降。为了解决性能退化问题从而提高风电功率时间序列预测的精度,提出了基于双向长短时记忆(Bi-LSTM)和改进残差学习的风电功率预测方法。方法由两个部分组成,第一部分是以Bi-LSTM为主的多残差块上,结合稠密残差块网络(DenseNet)与多级残差网络(MRN)的残差连接方式,并且在残差连接上使用一维卷积神经网络(1D CNN)来提取风电功率值中时序的非线性特征部分。第二部分是Bi-LSTM与全连接层(Dense)组成的解码器,将多残差块提取到的功率值时序非线性特征映射为预测结果。方法在实际运行的风电功率数据上进行实验,并与常见的残差网络方法和时间序列预测方法进行对比。方法相比于其他模型方法有着更高的预测精度以及更好的泛化能力。

双向数据扩充和LSTNet的户用光伏发电预测

整县光伏政策促使小容量屋顶光伏急剧增长,实现屋顶分布式光伏超短期发电功率的准确预测是分析海量细粒户用光伏电站对电力系统影响的前提。然而,屋顶分布式光伏在原有波动性的基础上存在小容量、分散式、离线式经营的特点,同时缺乏准确的气象数据,使得光伏功率预测异常复杂。为此,文章在有限数据下纵向地从光伏系统历史功率数据中搜索相似样本,横向地收集相邻分布式光伏发电用户功率数据,实现双向数据扩充,在一定程度上克服了光伏发电预测对于一些关键输入特征的依赖;在此基础上借助LSTNet(Long-and Short-term Time-series Network)神经网络的短期局部特征捕捉、长期时序信息强化、周期线性成分提取功能实现光伏功率预测。实验结果表明,在缺乏重要辐照数据的情况下,所提模型仍具有较好的预测精度。

基于残差神经网络的大地电磁二维反演

本文开展了基于残差神经网络的大地电磁二维反演研究.采用高斯随机场设计并生成了5万个不同规模、不同边界形状(规则边界与光滑边界)、不同电阻率对比度、单个到多个电性异常体模型,通过基于二维交错网格有限差分批量并行正演程序对模型进行正演计算并输出TE和TM极化模式的视电阻率值,对模型正演TM极化响应的60%数据加入5%的高斯误差,其余为无噪数据,将其作为深度学习反演模型的训练样本;在网络结构设计中引入Res Net-50网络结构深度学习模型对样本进行训练;最后通过测试数据的反演验证了大地电磁深度学习反演模型的可靠性.模型反演的结果表明,神经网络反演模型能够实时输出反演结果,反演结果较为准确,可以有效地刻画各类异常体的边界,对异常体电性参数的恢复也较为准确.

基于2D-CNN和Cox-Stuart早停机制的癫痫预测模型

针对如何有效预测癫痫患者是否将要发病这一问题,提出一种基于非独立患者的2维卷积神经网络(2D-CNN)和Cox-Stuart检验法的癫痫预测模型方法。首先对脑电数据做归一化处理,使用陷波滤波器和高通滤波器滤除脑电信号的噪声;将滤波后的信号输入到2D-CNN模型中进行特征提取和分类,使用Cox-Stuart方法检测是否需要早停,从而降低模型的计算复杂度和时间复杂度。此外,分别在发作前期为10、30、60 min的情况下对模型进行测试,结果显示,发作前期为10 min时,模型的效果最优。在测试集上的准确率为97.70%,灵敏度为97.36%,特异性为98.04%,具有良好的性能。

基于DCGAN数据增强的樱桃番茄可溶性固形物含量光谱检测方法

针对樱桃番茄在实际检测中样品数不足的特点,本研究提出一种深度卷积生成对抗网络(deep convolutional generative adversarial network,DCGAN)模型以同时扩充光谱数据及可溶性固形物含量(soluble solids content,SSC)标签数据,并建立一维卷积神经网络回归(one dimensional-convolutional neural networks regression,1D-CNNR)模型以提高模型的预测精度和泛化能力。为了比较,分别建立偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)模型和支持向量机回归(support vector regression,SVR)模型。将原始80个样品数据集、1000个样品的DCGAN扩充数据集和1080个样品的合并数据集,分别结合1D-CNNR、SVR及PLSR进行建模与预测。为了进一步验证模型的泛化能力,一批新的总数为40个样品的樱桃番茄数据作为上述3个模型的新测试集。结果显示,使用合并数据集划分所得校正集进行1D-CNNR建模后,模型为最优的SSC回归检测模型。此时1D-CNNR面向合并样品测试集的预测准确率最高,预测相关系数r_(p)=0.9807,均方根误差RMSE_(p)=0.1929;与SVR与PLSR对比,1D-CNNR面向新的40个样品数据集的预测准确率也最高,其r_(p)=0.9638,RMSE_(p)=0.2245。本研究可为有效准确检测樱桃番茄的可溶性固形物含量提供一种新思路。

基于神经网络的船舶阻力预报研究

常规代理模型的阻力预报是以主尺度比、船型系数等作为输入,相比于CFD计算时输入完整船型,其较低的信息密度导致代理模型预报精度较低。本文以4108个完整船型几何形状特征张量作为输入,采用神经网络作为代理模型,以船舶的总阻力系数作为输出,研究船型阻力的高维度、高精度预报方法。首先,将船型进行无量纲化处理,并提取特征张量作为输入;然后,建立神经网络模型,搭建输入层、隐藏层和输出层;最后,将船型的特征张量与总阻力系数输入神经网络,通过误差反向传播进行训练,直至损失函数值收敛。本文研究结果可为基于高维代理模型的阻力性能预报提供理论和技术支持。

Application of LSTM and CONV1D LSTM Network in Stock Forecasting Model

Predicting the direction of the stock market has always been a huge challenge.Also,the way of forecasting the stock market reduces the risk in the financial market,thus ensuring that brokers can make normal returns.Despite the complexities of the stock market,the challenge has been increasingly addressed by experts in a variety of disciplines,including economics,statistics,and computer science.The introduction of machine learning,in-depth understanding of the prospects of the financial market,thus doing many experiments to predict the future so that the stock price trend has different degrees of success.In this paper,we propose a method to predict stocks from different industries and markets,as well as trend prediction using traditional machine learning algorithms such as linear regression,polynomial regression and learning techniques in time series prediction using two forms of special types of recursive neural networks:long and short time memory(LSTM)and spoken short-term memory.

基于双分支并联的特征融合电能质量扰动分类方法

为了提高对电能质量扰动信号(power quality disturbance signal,PQDs)在受到噪声和异常数据干扰时的分类准确率,提出了一种双分支并联特征融合网络的PQDs分类方法。首先,采用一维残差神经网络和一维卷积神经网络两个分支进行特征提取。然后,通过特征融合模块将这些特征融合在一起。最终,通过分类模块对PQDs进行准确分类。相对于串联神经网络,所提方法融合特征向量,增强了特征的区分度,同时适用于并行计算,进一步提高了识别速度。仿真结果表明,所提方法在叠加信噪比为13 dB、15 dB和18 dB的PQDs分类任务中,识别率均超过95%,此外,该方法对异常数据的分类效果也具有一定的鲁棒性。

基于深度学习的三维肿瘤及器官分割

针对三维医学图像中由于肿瘤或器官的形状、尺度差异较大导致分割精度较低的问题,提出一种端到端的三维全卷积分割模型。首先,设计空洞立方集成模块在不同分辨率阶段实现多尺度集成,增强复杂边界上的识别能力;其次,引入跨阶段上下文融合模块融合浅层和深层特征,促进收敛并更准确地定位目标对象;最后,解码器对来自编码器的特征进行拼接以实现分割。在脑肿瘤分割数据集上,平均Dice相似性系数值达到85.37%;在腹部器官分割数据集上,平均Dice相似性系数值达到83.99%。实验结果表明所提模型在三维肿瘤和器官的分割上具有较高精度。

基于时序生成对抗网络的居民用户非侵入式负荷分解

现有的非侵入式负荷分解算法往往需要大量电器设备级的负荷数据才能保证分解精度,但由于用户对隐私性的考虑以及安装成本过高等问题,很难获取这些数据。因此,构建一种能深度挖掘电力负荷数据时序特性和电器相关性的时序生成对抗网络。利用降维网络对所有电器有功功率序列组成的高维向量进行降维以降低计算的复杂度,通过复原网络将结果还原为高维向量。基于电器运行状态和深度学习的非侵入式分解方法,运用卷积神经网络-双向门控循环单元构建状态复杂电器的负荷分解回归模型,对状态简单电器利用深度神经网络构建负荷识别分类模型。通过对比其他数据生成方法,以及改变典型公开数据集中生成数据比例所得的负荷分解结果验证了所提方法的有效性。

应用差分进化-神经网络模型的杀爆弹瞄准点分配方法

为在不增加计算时耗的前提下提升多枚杀爆弹对面目标打击毁伤效能,建立融入动爆威力计算的多瞄准点规划方法.对面目标采用结构化网格划分方法实现多枚杀爆弹对目标毁伤区域的精确计算,并进行计算结果验证,基于多次计算结果采用神经网络方法建立单枚弹药对面目标毁伤区域的计算代理模型,在同样计算条件下,比非代理模型计算时间缩短1000倍;据此,通过差分进化算法实现多枚杀爆弹对面目标打击瞄准点及末端弹道参数的规划.通过实例对比分析表明:该瞄准点规划方法形成的打击方案比传统以毁伤半径为输入的方法毁伤效果大幅提升,最低提升25.5%,且单次规划时间不超过3 s,解决了瞄准点规划中毁伤效能模型复杂度与计算耗时之间的矛盾.

基于GADF-CWT-GCNN的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究

针对滚动轴承故障诊断在小样本环境下引起的模型泛化能力差、诊断精度低的问题,提出一种基于格拉姆角分场(GADF)和连续小波变化(continuous wavelet transform,CWT)与并行二维组归一化卷积神经网络(parallel convolutional neural network,P2D-GCNN)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。对采集的数据进行预处理,采用格拉姆角场和连续小波变换将一维振动信号转换成二维图像作为模型输入,再选用数据增强技术扩充样本子图,满足网络输入要求,并将其导入搭建的组归一化卷积神经网络中进行诊断检测。结果表明:文中数据处理方法与搭建模型在小样本环境下泛化能力远高于SVM和1D-CNN等其他网络模型。为进一步验证模型在小样本数据下的识别能力,取数据集的70%,40%和20%样本量进行多次实验,所对应的训练准确率及测试准确率分为99.38%,99.02%,99.47%,98.29%,99.05%,97.08%。结果证明,文中模型在小样本环境下对轴承故障诊断具有很高的准确率。

基于误差因子的改进WLS超宽带定位算法

为提高非视距场景下超宽带(ultra‑wideband,UWB)定位精度,本文提出一种基于误差因子的改进加权最小二乘(weighted least square,WLS)算法.该算法利用测距值和实时信道冲激响应特征训练1维卷积神经网络,实现误差因子的准确预测;基于预测得到的误差因子设计改进WLS算法的加权矩阵,赋予不同基站合理的权重,以改善非视距场景下UWB定位性能.通过实测采集静态和动态定位数据对改进WLS算法进行性能验证.实验结果表明:视距场景下,改进WLS算法与最小二乘(least square,LS)算法、WLS算法定位性能相近;非视距场景下,改进WLS算法明显优于LS算法、WLS算法,能够有效抑制非视距误差.

基于时频域融合和ECA-1DCNN的航空串联故障电弧检测

为了快速准确地检测航空交流线路中出现的串联故障电弧,提出了一种基于时频域融合和加入高效注意力机制(efficient channel attention, ECA)的一维卷积神经网络(one-dimensional convolutional neural network, 1DCNN)的故障检测算法。首先,搭建航空交流电弧故障实验平台,负载选择多类型、多参数值进行电流信号的采集;其次,为了保留更多的故障信息,分析其特征频段,经过大量数据验证,航空串联电弧在发生时,1 000~4 000 Hz分量具有一定的占比,因此将原始信号与特征频段进行融合,融合后的一维数据作为模型输入;最后,搭建ECA-1DCNN检测模型,进行训练,并通过K折交叉验证模型的有效性,得到测试集平均准确率为97.96%。该方法网络层数较少,计算快速,避免了复杂时频域计算过程,较为智能,对航空串联电弧检测装置的研究提供了理论参考。

基于BS-1DCNN的海缆振动信号识别

光纤振动信号是非线性的,传统的非线性振动信号识别方法通常需要信号分析和特征选择,既耗时又复杂。本文提出一种光纤振动信号识别新方法,可以直接提取特征,对原始信号进行分类,简化识别过程。本方法用支持向量机代替Softmax分类器,优化一维卷积神经网络(one-dimensional convolution neural network,1DCNN),以提高1DCNN结果在小样本条件下的稳定性。采用鸟群算法(bird swarm algorithm,BSA)对支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)参数进行了优化,有效地提高识别精度。将本文提出的BS-1DCNN方法与1DCNN、VMD-GA-SVM、VMD-PSO-SVM、VMD-BSA-SVM共4种方法进行比较,结果表明,BS-1DCNN在识别准确率和测试时间方面性能表现良好。该算法能有效提高海缆振动信号识别率,且在不同样本比例下均能达到较好的识别效果。