Synthesis of mordenite by solvent-free method and its application in the dimethyl ether carbonylation reaction

Mordenite with different Si/Al ratios were synthesized by solvent-free method and used for dimethyl ether(DME)carbonylation reaction.The influence of Si/Al ratio in the feedstock on the structure,porosity and acid sites were systematically investigated.The characterization results showed that with the increase of Si/Al ratio in the feedstock,part of silicon species fail to enter the skeleton and the specific surface area and pore volume of the samples decreased.The amount of weak acid and medium strong acid decreased alongside with the increasing Si/Al ratio,and the amount of strong acid slightly increased.The Al atoms preferentially enter the strong acid sites in the 8 member ring(MR)channel during the crystallization process.The high Si/Al ratio sample had more acid sites located in the 8 MR channel,leading to more active sites for carbonylation reaction and higher catalytic performance.Appropriately increasing the Si/Al ratio was beneficial for the improvement of carbonylation reaction activity over the mordenite(MOR)catalyst.

An effective'salt in dimethyl sulfoxide/water'electrolyte enables high-voltage supercapacitor operated at-50℃

Compared with organic electrolytes,aqueous electrolytes exhibit significantly higher ionic conductivity and possess inherent safety features,showcasing unique advantages in supercapacitors.However,challenges remain for low-salt aqueous electrolytes operating at high voltage and low temperature.Herein,we report a low-salt(0.87 m,m means mol kg^(-1))'salt in dimethyl sulfoxide/water'hybrid electrolyte with non-flammability via hybridizing aqueous electrolyte with an organic co-solvent of dimethyl sulfoxide(hydrogen bond acceptor).As a result,the 0.87 m hybrid electrolyte exhibits enhanced electrochemical stability,a freezing temperature below-50℃,and an outstanding ionic conductivity of 0.52mS cm~(-1)at-50℃.Dimethyl sulfoxide can anchor water molecules through intermolecular hydrogen bond interaction,effectively reinforcing the stability of water in the hybrid electrolyte.Furthermore,the interaction between dimethyl sulfoxide and water molecules diminishes the involvement of water in the generation of ordered ice crystals,finally facilitating the low-temperature performance of the hybrid electrolyte.When paired with the 0.87 m'salt in dimethyl sulfoxide/water'hybrid electrolyte,the symmetric supercapacitor presents a 2.0 V high operating voltage at 25℃,and can operate stably at-50℃.Importantly,the suppressed electrochemical reaction of water at-50℃further leads to the symmetric supercapacitor operated at a higher voltage of 2.6 V.This modification strategy opens an effective avenue to develop low-salt electrolytes for high-voltage and low-temperature aqueous supercapacitors.

Hepatoprotective effect of Holothuria leucospilota methanolic extract on dimethyl nitrosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Background:Complementary medicine is an interesting field for extracting bio-active compounds from various plant and animal sources.The hepatoprotective effect of the methanolic extract of a species of sea cucumber called Holothuria leu-cospilota in an animal model of liver cancer caused by dimethyl nitrosamine(DMN)was studied.Methods:Wistar female rats were randomly divided into five groups(n=12):control(intact),positive control(received 1%DMN[10 mg/kg/week,intraperitoneally]for 12 weeks),and three treatment groups(received 50,100,and 200 mg/kg/day H.leu-cospilota extract orally for 12 weeks along with intraperitoneal administration of 1%DMN[10 mg/kg/week]).In all groups,ultrasound was performed on the liver every week to check its density.Blood sampling and liver isolation were performed on three occasions,at 4,8,and 12 weeks,to check liver enzymes and the histopathological condition of the liver tissue(every week,four animals from each group were randomly selected).Results:Liver density changes were evident from the eighth week onward in the positive control group.Histopathological results indicated pathologic changes in the positive control group after 4 weeks.The increase in liver enzymes in the posi-tive control group was significantly different from that in the treatment and control groups.Conclusions:We demonstrated the hepatoprotective effect of H.leucospilota on DMN-induced liver damage in rats using biochemical and histological parameters and ultrasonography.More additional research(in silico or in vitro)is needed to find the exact mechanism and the main biological compound in H.leucospilota.

Tuning the cross-linked structure of basic poly(ionic liquid)to develop an efficient catalyst for the conversion of vinyl carbonate to dimethyl carbonate

Dimethyl carbonate(DMC)is a crucial chemical raw material widely used in organic synthesis,lithiumion battery electrolytes,and various other fields.The current primary industrial process employs a conventional sodium methoxide basic catalyst to produce DMC through the transesterification reaction between vinyl carbonate and methanol.However,the utilization of this catalyst presents several challenges during the process,including equipment corrosion,the generation of solid waste,susceptibility to deactivation,and complexities in separation and recovery.To address these limitations,a series of alkaline poly(ionic liquid)s,i.e.[DVBPIL][PHO],[DVCPIL][PHO],and[TBVPIL][PHO],with different crosslinking degrees and structures,were synthesized through the construction of cross-linked polymeric monomers and functionalization.These poly(ionic liquid)s exhibit cross-linked structures and controllable cationic and anionic characteristics.Research was conducted to investigate the effect of the cross-linking degree and structure on the catalytic performance of transesterification in synthesizing DMC.It was discovered that the appropriate cross-linking degree and structure of the[DVCPIL][PHO]catalyst resulted in a DMC yield of up to 80.6%.Furthermore,this catalyst material exhibited good stability,maintaining its catalytic activity after repeated use five times without significant changes.The results of this study demonstrate the potential for using alkaline poly(ionic liquid)s as a highly efficient and sustainable alternative to traditional catalysts for the transesterification synthesis of DMC.

A highly efficient La-modified ZnAl-LDO catalyst and its performance in the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methyl carbamate and methanol

In this paper,the highly efficient ZnAlLa layered double oxide(ZnAlLa-LDO)catalyst was evaluated and used in methyl carbamate(MC)alcoholysis synthesis of dimethyl carbonate.Under optimal conditions,the MC conversion was 33.5% and the dimethyl carbonate(DMC)selectivity was up to 92,4% at 443 K and in 9 h.The prepared catalysts were well characterized to investigate the effect on the catalytic performance and reaction catalysis mechanism.The experimental results show that the addition of La adjusted the structure and chemical properties of ZnAl composite oxide and that the synergistic effect among Zn,Al and La play a key role in adjusting the acid-base properties and stability of the catalyst,which definitely improved the DMC selectivity and catalytic stability.Based on the proposed reaction mechanism,two kinetic models of the catalytic reaction were established and modified:LangmuirHinshelwood and power-rate law kinetic model.The good agreement between kinetic models and experimental data showed that the power-rate law kinetic model based on the elementary reactions is a suitable model for providing a theoretical basis.The pre-exponential factor and activation energy of the main reaction are 5.77×10^(7)and 77.60 kJ·mol^(-1),respectively.

Harnessing dimethyl ether and methyl formate fuels for direct electrochemical energy conversion

In this work,the oxidation of a mixture of dimethyl ether(DME) and methyl formate(MF) was studied in both an aqueous electrochemical cell and a vapor-fed polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)utilizing a multi-metallic alloy catalyst,Pt_(3)Pd_(3)Sn_(2)/C,discovered earlier by us.The current obtained during the bulk oxidation of a DME-saturated 1 M MF was higher than the summation of the currents provided by the two fuels separately,suggesting the cooperative effect of mixing these fuels.A significant increase in the anodic charge was realized during oxidative stripping of a pre-adsorbed DME+MF mixture as compared to DME or MF individually.This is ascribed to greater utilization of specific catalytic sites on account of the relatively lower adsorption energy of the dual-molecules than of the sum of the individual molecules as confirmed by the density fu nctional theory(DFT) calculations.Fuel cell polarization was also conducted using a Pt_(3)Pd_(3)Sn_(2)/C(anode) and Pt/C(cathode) catalysts-coated membrane(CCM).The enhanced surface coverage and active site utilization resulted in providing a higher peak power density by the DME+MF mixture-fed fuel cell(123 mW cm^(-2)at 0.45 V) than with DME(84mW cm^(-2)at 0.35 V) or MF(28 mW cm^(-2)at 0.2 V) at the same total anode hydrocarbon flow rate,temperature,and ambient pressure.

食品中富马酸二甲酯测定方法研究现状

富马酸二甲酯因其防霉、保鲜效果好,在食品中被广泛应用。然而,富马酸二甲酯食用过多,会导致健康损害,已被列入我国第二批食品中可能违法添加的非食用物质名单。因富马酸二甲酯价格便宜,仍屡次被使用,并引发一系列食品安全问题,随着人们对食品安全和健康的关注不断增加,富马酸二甲酯引起了公众的关注,检测食品中富马酸二甲酯含量变得至关重要。本文主要对食品中富马酸二甲酯的提取方法和仪器检测方法研究现状进行阐述,为建立快速测定食品中富马酸二甲酯方法提供理论参考。

高含固污泥厌氧消化中甲硫氨酸分解抑制特性

高含固污泥热水解厌氧消化条件下,沼气中硫化氢体积分数较常规含固率污泥厌氧消化低。沼气中硫化氢主要来源于污泥中含硫氨基酸的降解,而硫化氢体积分数下降与甲硫氨酸分解抑制相关。在测定高含固厌氧消化过程中含硫氨基酸分解中间产物分布的基础上,以甲硫氨酸为基质对高含固厌氧消化污泥进行富集,分析富集后微生物种群结构特性及甲硫氨酸分解过程中挥发性有机硫分布,探讨高含固厌氧消化环境对甲硫氨酸分解过程的抑制特性。结果显示:高含固厌氧消化环境下,甲硫氨酸厌氧分解含硫产物包括甲硫醇、甲硫醚、二甲二硫和硫化氢。常规含固率及高含固率环境下,甲硫氨酸分解批次试验中硫化氢积累体积分数分别约为2417×10^(-6)和1418×10^(-6),表明高含固厌氧消化过程中硫化氢生成量下降可能由甲硫氨酸厌氧分解时中间产物积累导致。高含固污泥采用甲硫氨酸富集培养时,结果显示Pseudomonas相对丰度为26%,分解产物包括氨氮、甲硫醇和二甲二硫等。其中,二甲二硫先于甲硫醇达峰值,体积分数分别约为267.7×10^(-6)和164.9×10^(-6),推测反应前期甲硫醇快速转化为二甲二硫,后期速率减慢,甲硫醇开始累积。当氨氮质量浓度增至4000 mg/L时,二甲二硫生成速率降低16.79%,表明高含固系统的高氨氮环境可抑制甲硫氨酸分解产生二甲二硫。

聚丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基苄基氯化铵的合成

以偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐(V-50)为引发剂,丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基苄基氯化铵(DMBC)为聚合单体,采用自由基水溶液聚合法,在氮气氛围中制备了阳离子型聚丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基苄基氯化铵(PDMBC)。用单因素法考察了单体质量分数、引发剂用量、反应温度以及反应体系pH对聚合物黏度和相对分子质量的影响。对反应条件进行了优化,当反应温度为42℃时,可以合成出相对分子质量100万以上的聚丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基苄基氯化铵。

全氟-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烯-四氟乙烯共聚物平均分子量、分子量分布和流变特性

全氟-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烯-四氟乙烯(PDD-TFE)共聚物是高性能含氟聚合物,开展PDD-TFE共聚物平均分子量(MW)、分子量分布(MWD)和流变特性研究对拓展其加工应用有重要意义。鉴于溶液法测定PDD-TFE共聚物MW及MWD存在难度,建立了由动态流变法和动态黏弹法获得PDD-TFE共聚物MW及MWD的改进方法。根据Fox方程、共聚物结构和性能参数得到了PDD-TFE共聚物的零切黏度与MW之间的关系;通过Carreau-Yasuda方程拟合PDD-TFE共聚物的复数黏度与频率之间的关系,得到了零切黏度。在实验测定PDD-TFE共聚物的储能模量与频率关系基础上,应用动态黏弹法得到其MW及MWD,并进一步研究了220℃时PDD-TFE共聚物的MW及MWD对共聚物熔体流变特性的影响,发现共聚物的MWD越宽,共聚物熔体的“剪切变稀”行为越明显;随着共聚物MW增大,共聚物熔体的非牛顿性越强。

一锅法高效合成氧杂卓并[2,3-c]吡唑类化合物

氧杂卓和吡唑作为优势骨架广泛存在于有生物活性的天然产物和药物分子中。本文探究了碱作用下吡唑类缺电子烯烃与二甲硫醚及4-溴丙烯酸酯一锅法环化反应,考察了碱、溶剂以及物质的量之比对反应收率的影响,并以67%~86%的收率得到系列氧杂卓并[2,3-c]吡唑类化合物,其结构经^(1)H NMR、^(13)C NMR和HR-MS(ESI-TOF)确证。

丙烯酰胺/丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基苄基氯化铵共聚水分散体的制备

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基苄基氯化铵(DMBC)为共聚单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,自制聚甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(PDMC)为分散剂,在硫酸铵水溶液中采用水分散聚合法,制备了丙烯酰胺/丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基苄基氯化铵共聚水分散体。考察了反应温度、硫酸铵浓度、单体配比、链转移剂浓度、分散剂用量、引发剂用量对共聚物黏度、相对分子质量、颗粒尺寸的影响。实验发现,制备丙烯酰胺/丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基苄基氯化铵共聚水分散体较优配方为:温度65℃,硫酸铵质量分数为27.6%,AM、DMBC总单体质量分数为15%,DMBC∶AM(质量比)=(0.297~0.363)∶1,链转移剂用量为0.078 g/L,分散剂质量分数2.7%~3.6%,过硫酸铵质量分数范围为4.38×10^(-4)~5.84×10^(-4)mol/L。

2023年碳酸二甲酯市场分析及预测

以2019-2023年数据为基础,对我国碳酸二甲酯生产建设、市场供需、价格、进出口贸易等进行分析和预测;指出,国内新上碳酸二甲酯装置的企业,应采用先进成熟技术,并根据市场需求合理分配产品等级,促进企业良性发展。

一种新型义齿粘结剂使用效果观察及性能分析

为提高牙科用粘结剂的粘接效果和抗菌性能,试验通过树脂基质、纳米氟化钠和二癸基二甲基氯化铵,制备了一种具有抗菌性能的新型义齿粘结剂,并对二癸基二甲基氯化铵添加量和应用效果进行研究。结果表明,二癸基二甲基氯化铵的添加可以使义齿粘结剂亲水性能和抗菌性能提高,粘接性能下降。当二癸基二甲基氯化铵添加量从1.5%增大到7.5%时,水接触角从80.3°减小到60.5°,剪切粘接强度从15.3 MPa降低到12.2 MPa。二癸基二甲基氯化铵添加量为1.5%或3.0%比较适宜。在应用效果方面,含有3%二癸基二甲基氯化铵和3%纳米氟化钠的新型义齿粘结剂有着良好的粘接性能和抗菌性能。

Effect of Calcination Temperature on Catalytic Activity and Textual Property of Cu/HMOR Catalysts in Dimethyl Ether Carbonylation Reaction

The effect of calcination temperature on the catalytic activity for the dimethyl ether （DME） carbonylation into methyl acetate （MA） was investigated over mordenite supported copper （Cu/HMOR） prepared by ion-exchange process. The results showed that the catalytic activity was obviously affected by the calcination temperature. The maximal DME conversion of 97.2% and the MA selectivity of 97.9% were obtained over the Cu/HMOR calcined at 430 ℃ under conditions of 210 ℃, 1.5 MPa, and GSHV of 4883 h^-1. The obtained Cu/HMOR catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, N2 absorption, NH3 temperature program desorption, CO temperature program desorption, and Raman techniques. Proper calcination temperature was effective to promote copper ions migration and diffusion, and led the support HMOR to possess more acid activity sites, which exhibited the complete decomposing of copper nitrate, large surface area and optimum micropore structure, more amount of CO adsorption site and proper amount of weak acid centers.

铜纳米颗粒催化剂的重构及其合成碳酸二甲酯性能研究

甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)是中国重点开发的现代煤化工路线,其关键在于高性能催化剂的设计研发。本研究采用液相重构法,通过调变溶剂种类、气氛和压力制得高效铜团簇催化剂,在DMC合成反应中时空收率(STY_(DMC))高达3520 mg/(g·h),经过10次循环,STY_(DMC)下降21.8%。N2吸附-脱附、XRD、TEM、STEM等表征手段表明,强还原性的CO不但可使铜纳米颗粒(~9.7 nm)部分重构为亚纳米团簇(~1.34 nm),同时有效维持了Cu^(0)物种的存在,从而提升了催化活性和稳定性。进一步研究表明,铜重构的发生取决于气氛-金属-载体三者的相互作用,且随氧化、还原性气氛的变化呈可逆状态。

SYNTHESIS OF 3,7-DIMETHYL-2-TRIDECANYL ACETATE--Active Component of Sex Pheromone of Pine Sawfly Diprion pini

The total synthesis of 3,7 dimethyl 2 tridecanyl acetate,the active component of the sex pheromone of diprion pini,was investigated in this paper.The two key synthins blocks,2 methyl octan 1 yl lithium and 3,4 dimethyl γ butyrolactone,were obtained from diethyl malonate and 2,3 epoxybutane.2 Methyl octan 1 yl lithium reacted with 3,4 dimethyl γ butyrolactone to yield the ketoalcohol and then followed by Huang Minlong reduction to afford 3,7 dimethyl 2 tridecanol,acylated with acetic anhydide to give 3,7 dimethyl 2 tridecanyl acetate.

Synthesis of Methyl Acetate by Dimethyl Ether Carbonylation over Cu/HMOR： Effect of Catalyst Preparation Method

Dimethyl ether carbonylation to methyl acetate was comparatively investigated over mor- denite supported copper （Cu/HMOR） catalysts prepared by different methods including evaporation, urea hydrolysis, incipient wetness impregnation and ion-exchange. The results showed that Cu/HMOR prepared via iron-exchange method exhibited the highest catalytic activity due to the synergistic effect of active-site metal and acidic molecular sieve support. Conversion of 95.3% and methyl acetate selectivity of 94.9% were achieved under conditions of 210℃, 1.5 MPa, and GSHV of 4883 h-1. The catalysts were characterized by nitrogen absorption, X-ray diffraction, NH3 temperature program desorption, and CO temperature program desorption techniques. It was found that Cu/HMOR prepared by ion-exchange method possessed high surface area, moderate strong acid centers, and CO adsorption centers, which improved catalytic performance for the reaction of CO insertion to dimethyl ether.

负载型Pd催化剂催化草酸二甲酯脱羰基制备碳酸二甲酯

为开发高效、成本低廉的碳酸二甲酯(DMC)合成工艺,以Naβ(25)、NaZSM-5(25)、NaY(6)、NaY(8)和NaY(10)分子筛为载体,采用浸渍法制备了负载型Pd催化剂,并将其首次用于草酸二甲酯(DMO)脱羰基反应。采用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、透射电镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱等表征方法对催化剂的组成、价态、孔结构、形貌以及晶型进行分析,并对其催化性能进行评价。结果表明,使用Pd/NaY(6)催化剂催化DMO脱羰基合成DMC,在反应温度220℃、反应时间90 min、催化剂用量1.0 g、1,4-二氧六环与DMO质量比4∶1、Pd负载量(w)0.2%的条件下,DMO转化率可达82.59%,DMC选择性可达62.33%。通过对催化剂稳定性的研究发现,经过5次循环再生后,催化剂对DMO脱羰基反应仍具有良好的催化活性。最后,合理推测出Pd/NaY(6)催化剂催化DMO脱羰基合成DMC的反应机理。

Production of Light Olefins from Biosyngas by Two-stage Catalytic Conversion Process via Dimethyl Ether

NiSAPO-34 and NiSAPO-34/HZSM-5 were prepared and evaluated for the performance of dimethyl ether （DME） conversion to light olefins （DTO）. The processes of two-stage light olefin production, DME synthesis and the following DTO, were also investigated using biosyngas as feed gas over Cu/Zn/A1/HZSM-5 and the optimized 2%NiSAPO-34/HZSM- 5. The results indicated that adding 2%Ni to SAPO-34 did not change its topology structure, but resulted in the forming of the moderately strong acidity with decreasing acid amounts, which slightly enhanced DME conversion activity and C2=-C3= selectiw ity. Mechanically mixing 2%NiSAPO-34 with HZSM-5 at the weight ratio of 3.0 further prolonged DME conversion activity to be more than 3 h, which was due to the stable acid sites from HZSM-5. The highest selectivity to light olefins of 90.8% was achieved at 2 h time on stream. The application of the optimized 2%NiSAPO-34/HZSM-5 in the second-stage reactor for DTO reaction showed that the catalytic activity was steady for more than 5 h and light olefin yield was as high as 84.6 g/m3syngas when the biosyngas （H2/CO/CO2/N2/CH4=41.5/26.9/14.2/14.6/2.89, vol%） with low H/C ratio of 1.0 was used as feed gas.