Improvement of Chemically-activated Luciferase Gene Expression Bioassay for Detection of Dioxin-Iike Chemicals

Objective To improve the chemically-activated luciferase expression (CALUX)bioassay for detection of dioxin-like chemicals (DLCs) based on the toxicity mechanisms ofDLCs. Method A recombinant vector was constructed and used to transfect humanhepatoma (HepG2). The expression of this vector was 10-100 folds higher than that of pGL2used in previous experiments. The transfected cells showed aromatic hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)-meditated luciferase gene expression. The reliability of luciferase induction in thiscell line as a reporter of AhR-mediated toxicity was evaluated, the optimal detection timewas examined and a comparison was made by using the commonly used ethoxyresoufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity induction assay. Result The results suggested that theluciferase activity in recombinant cells was peaked at about 4 h and then decreased to astable activity by 14 h after TCDD treatment. The detection limit of this cell line was0.11pmol/L, or 10-fold lower than in previous studies, with a linear range from 1 to 100pmol/L, related coefficient of 0.997, and the coefficient of variability (CV) of 15-30%.Conclusion The luciferase induction is 30-fold more sensitive than EROD induction, thedetection time is 68 h shorter and the detection procedure is also simpler.

The Application of Air-flow to the Technological Process of Chemical Fiber

The air-flow’s states and ways acted on the technological process of chemical fiber are summed up, which includes chip drying, spinning quenching as well as airjet texturing (air texturing, tangling texturing and bulked continuous filament (BCF)),and the effect of air-flow on the process and quality of chemical fiber is studied,and the action of mechanics and heat on the bulked continuous filament are calculated.

A Novel β-1,4-N, 6-O-Diacetylmuramidase from Streptomyces griseus and its Chemical Modification

A novel lysozyme named β-1, 4-N, 6-O-diacetylmuramidase R2 was purified and characterized from Streptomyces griseus. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined by MALDI-TOF-MS as 23.5 kDa. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was DTSGVQGIDVSHWQG. Chemical modification of β-1, 4-N, 6-O-diacetylmuramidase R2 indicated that sulfhydryl group and carbamidine of arginine residues are not essential for the activity of the enzyme, but lysine residues and imidazole of histidine residues are essential for the activity. The number of essential tryptophan and carboxyl groups was found that only one tryptophan residue and three carboxyl groups in the active site.

Electrochemical Behavior and Its Electrocatalytic Activity of A P-Mo Heteropolyanion Modified ITO Electrode

s: A new method for the preparation of an organic-inorganic composite film of the heteropolyanion has been developed by modifying P(Mo2O7)6-7 to the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode surface. The modified electrode displayed a strong catalytic activity towards the reduction of IO3-. In the range of 1.0?0-6~5?0-4mol/L, the catalytic current was linear proportional to the IO3- concentration.

Status quo of the chemical fiber industry,1-9,2017

From January to September,2017,the operation of the chemical fiber industry continued to keep an upward situation.As the textile industry got warmer,the demand of the chemical fiber industry had significant improvement.The entire operation rate of the industry has improved from that of the same period in the previous year.It was not slack in the chemical fiber market even in off seasons.In the third quarter。

公丁香挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

公丁香为桃金娘科植物丁香Eugenia caryophyllata的干燥花蕾.原植物系常绿乔木,主产于桑给巴尔、马达加斯加、斯里兰卡、印度尼西亚等地,我国南方已大量引种.作为中药,公丁香具有温中降逆和补肾助阳的功效,可用于治疗脾胃虚寒、呃逆呕吐、食少吐泻、心腹冷痛和肾虚阳痿[1,2].……

穿龙薯蓣化学成分的液相色谱-质谱联用分析

穿龙薯蓣(Diosorea nipponica Makino)为薯蓣科薯芋属植物,产于内蒙古,黑龙江等省区,其根茎俗称穿山龙,既是生产治疗心血管疾病药物地奥心血康的原料药材,又是用于合成多种甾体激素类药物的原料薯蓣皂苷元的重要来源之一.……

腺叶蔷薇果实化学成分的HPLC-MS分析

蔷薇属植物广泛分布于世界各地,在我国有80余种,其中许多具有药用价值[1,2].该属植物的叶片和果实中含有槲皮素、山奈酚、芦丁等多种黄酮类化合物和齐墩果酸、乌苏酸等三萜化合物[2].……

GC-NCI-MS法测定底泥中类二英多氯联苯

建立了气相色谱/负化学负离源/质谱（GC-NCI-MS）法测定底泥样品中世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的12种类二英多氯联苯。底泥样品采用索氏提取,酸碱复合硅胶柱净化,选择离子扫描监测,同位素稀释内标法定量。比较PCBs各单体在负化学负离源（NCI）和电子轰击电离源（EI）条件下的灵敏度,发现PCBs各单体在NCI条件下的灵敏度是EI条件下的21~100倍。用GC-NCI-MS法分析类二英多氯联苯,仪器检出限为0.1 pg,方法检出限为1~1.2 pg/g,3个平行基质土样品加标回收率为84%~119%。应用建立的方法对太湖底泥中12种类二英和PCB170、PCB180进行测定,结果表明,底泥样品中∑14PCBs含量为7.5~470 pg/g（干重）,平均值108 pg/g（干重）。PCBs单体浓度范围为n.d.~155 pg/g干重,在检测的14种同族体中PCB118是主要的同族体,其次是PCB77、PCB105。

HRGC-HRMS法和CALUX法测定造纸废水中二噁英的研究

荧光霉素报告基因(CALUX)法作为快速、高效的二噁英检测方法逐渐引起人们的关注。选取珠三角地区两家典型制浆造纸厂,以氯漂白工艺段废水为检测对象,采用高分辨气相-高分辨质谱(HRGC-HRMS)法和CALUX法同时测定废水中的二噁英,研究CALUX的适用性。HRGC-HRMS法检测结果显示A企业和B企业废水中二噁英浓度水平分别为1481-2124pg·L^-1和12.4-20.8pg·L^-1,毒性当量分别为19.0-25.5pg·L^-1和1.46-2.16pg·L^-1,均低于国家造纸废水中二噁英的排放限值。CALUX法的检测结果显示A企业和B企业废水中二噁英毒性当量分别为32.7-41.8pg·L^-1和4.44-6.52pg·L^-1,A企业毒性当量略高于国家造纸废水中二噁英的排放限值。虽然HRGC-HRMS法与CALUX法检测结果有所差异,但两种方法之间相关性均呈正相关,A企业两种方法的3次检测结果r2分别达到了0.59、0.99和0.52,B企业二者之间的r2则分别达到了0.95、0.93和0.95。研究表明,CALUX在二噁英检测具有较好的推广性,尤其在大规模二噁英背景或污染调查方面。同时HRGC-HRMS法与CALUX法是将二噁英的精准定量和快速测定有机结合,不仅有效减少二噁英分析工作量,同时可为二噁英污染防治提供技术支撑,有效提升监管部门管控力度。

自制苯乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物与PEG20M复合萃取涂层用于洗涤制品中1,4-二氧杂环己烷的测定

采用顶空固相微萃取-毛细管气相色谱联用技术测定了洗涤制品中的1,4-二氧杂环己烷。使用自制的萃取头(苯乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物与PEG20M复合)于顶空平衡温度80℃下萃取样品40min。萃取物用内壁涂有SE-30固定液的石英毛细管柱分离,外标法定量。1,4-二氧杂环己烷含量为0.35-120μg/g时,其峰面积与含量呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 8);回收率为98.7%-102%;相对标准偏差(n=5)为9.33%。

气相色谱-负化学源质谱联用法测定水产品及食用油中氟乐灵的残留量

建立了一种可用于水产品及食用油中氟乐灵残留量分析的分散型固相萃取-气相色谱-负化学离子源质谱方法。水产品及食用油经乙腈提取，4℃冷藏后，采用分散型固相萃取法净化，由气相色谱-负化学离子源质谱选择离子监测技术进行测定与确证，同位素内标法定量。在1～40μg / L 范围内氟乐灵农药的线性关系良好；方法定量限（LOQ）为0.02μg / kg；对鳗鱼、烤鳗、梭子蟹、小龙虾、猪油和橄榄油等6种复杂基质进行1.0、2.0和3.0μg / kg 等3个水平的添加回收试验，平均回收率均处于80％～100％之间，RSD≤10.3％；无干扰现象出现。该方法可作为水产品及食用油中氟乐灵残留检测的确证方法。

Dissipative particle dynamics simulation of wettability alternation phenomena in the chemical flooding process

Wettability alternation phenomena is considered one of the most important enhanced oil recovery （EOR） mechanisms in the chemical flooding process and induced by the adsorption of surfactant on the rock surface. These phenomena are studied by a mesoscopic method named as dissipative particle dynamics （DPD）. Both the alteration phenomena of water-wet to oil-wet and that of oil-wet to water-wet are simulated based on reasonable definition of interaction parameters between beads. The wetting hysteresis phenomenon and the process of oil-drops detachment from rock surfaces with different wettability are simulated by adding long-range external forces on the fluid particles. The simulation results show that, the oil drop is liable to spread on the oil-wetting surface and move in the form of liquid film flow, whereas it is likely to move as a whole on the waterwetting surface. There are the same phenomena occuring in wettability-alternated cases. The results also show that DPD method provides a feasible approach to the problems of seepage flow with physicochemical phenomena and can be used to study the mechanism of EOR of chemical flooding.

Synthesis of LaGaO_3-Based Electrolyte Material and Its Compatibility with Novel Electrode Materials

La_ 1-xSr_xGa_ 1-yMg_yO_ 3-δ(LSGM)electrolyte material was synthesized by solid-state reaction method. The microstructure characteristics were tested via X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microcopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). XRD patterns indicate that perovskite phase began to form when the mixed materials were sintered at 1000 ℃, and the material has a pure LSGM perovskite phase when the mixed materials were sintered at 1450 ℃ in air for 24 h. No chemical reaction between LSGM electrolyte material and La_ 1-xSr_xMn_ 1-yCr_yO_ 3-δ(LSMC) anode material or La_ 1-xSr_xFe_ 1-yCo_yO_ 3-δ (LSFC) cathode material was detected after the mixed materials consisting of LSGM and LSMC or LSFC was sintered at 1200 ℃ in air for 15 h respectively, which shows that LSGM electrolyte material has excellent chemical compatibility with LSMC anode and LSFC cathode materials. According to SEM, LSMC anode film and cathode composite film of LSFC and LSMC prepared using direct painting method by sintering at 1150 ℃ are both porous and well cohered on LSGM electrolyte substrate.

同位素稀释高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱法测定氯化石蜡工业品中二噁英

氯化石蜡(CPs)作为一种用途广泛、产量大的有机氯化学工业品,具有组成多样、基质复杂等特点,对其中产生的二噁英(PCDD/Fs)检测是当前工作面临的难题。建立了同位素稀释高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱法检测CPs工业品中PCDD/Fs的分析方法。对样品净化过程进行了优化,通过提取溶剂筛选,去除固体CPs中部分基质,建立的双活性炭柱法可高效去除CPs基质。方法采用^(13)C_(12)标记的PCDD/Fs内标物进行定性和定量分析。17种PCDD/Fs同系物的检出限为0.1~3 pg/g,回收率为31.7%~100%。该方法可对高纯度工业品中痕量持久性有机污染物进行高效的定性和定量分析,能够满足国家标准方法对PCDD/Fs检测的要求。

DFT Studies on Thermal Stabilities,Electronic Structures,and ^(13)C Chemical Shifts of C_(24)O_2 Based on Fullerene C_(24)(D_6)

Quantum chemical calculations on some possible equilibrium geometries of C24O2 isomers derived from C24 （D6） and C24O have been performed using density functional theory （DFT） method. The geometric and electronic structures as well as the relative energies and thermal stabilities of various C24O2 isomers at the ground state have been calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G（d） level of theory. And the 1,4,2,5-C24O2 isomer was found to be the most stable geometry where two oxygen atoms were added to the longest carbon-carbon bonds in the same pentagon from a thermodynamic point of view. Based on the optimized neutral geometries, the vertical ionization potential and vertical electron affinity have been obtained. Meanwhile, the vibrational frequencies, IR spectrum, and 13C chemical shifts of various C24O2 isomers have been calculated and analyzed.

利用Lyapunov指数在B-Z化学振荡铜(Ⅱ)体系中测定痕量二恶英（英文）

在本文中,引入最大的Lyapunov(λ_L)利用B-Z化学振荡Cu(Ⅱ)体系在水相中定量测定了痕量二恶英结果表明,最大Lyapunov指数与诱导期的乘积和二恶英浓度的负对数在4.0×10^(-7)~4.5×10^(-11)mol/L浓度范围内线性相关,相关系数为0.998 8(n=10).方法的检出限为2.1×10^(-11)mol/L.此外。

How United States Agricultural Herbicides Became Military and Environmental Chemical Weapons: Historical and Residual Effects

Discoveries in Charles Darwin’s laboratory led to modern herbicides. Darwin discovered the internal mechanism that directed plants to grow toward sunlight and sources of water. Scientists in Europe and America later called this mechanism a plant’s hormone response system. Administrators and scientists, including Dr. Ezra J. Kraus, the Head of the Botany Department at the University of Chicago and a plant physiologist, suggested on the eve of WWII that weed killers had significant military value as chemical weapons. Dr. Kraus obtained access to a synthetic chemical, 2,4-D, and found that when the chemical was absorbed through the leaves of plants, it destroyed a plant’s hormones. After exposure, the plant experienced rapid and uncontrolled growth, and then the leaves shriveled, died and fell off. Dr. Kraus obtained funding for his Department of Botany research program from Department of Defense (DOD) during World War II (WWII). Camp Detrick (Biological Weapons Laboratory) scientists later obtained samples of newly created 2,4,5-T which contained unknown amounts of the by-product dioxin TCDD. In the 1950s and 1960s, Fort Detrick military scientists formulated the herbicide Agent Orange, which was a 50 - 50 mixture of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. These dual purpose herbicides were used by DOD and USDA. American and European farmers in the 1940s used 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T to eliminate weeds from pastureland and cropland. After WWII, synthetic herbicides (and pesticides) development continued in tandem with production of synthetic fertilizers and breeding of high-yield plant varieties. These new agricultural products were then shipped worldwide to increase crop yields, as part of the Green Revolution. This new system of agricultural technologies was intended to eliminate global starvation and increase food security by increasing field and farm crop yields. In contrast, the goal of military use of herbicides, as chemical weapons, was to defoliate jungle forests and destroy food crops as a strategy to win battles and wars. The primary objective of this research study is to describe how agricultural herbicides became tactical chemical weapons. A current assessment will address the environmental impacts of military and environmental chemical weapons on the United States and Vietnam ecosystems and need for additional dioxin TCDD hotspot clean-up efforts.

Chemical abundance analysis of 19 barium stars

We aim at deriving accurate atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances of 19 barium（Ba） stars, including both strong and mild Ba stars, based on the high signal-to-noise ratio and high resolution Echelle spectra obtained from the 2.16 m telescope at Xinglong station of National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The chemical abundances of the sample stars were obtained from an LTE, plane-parallel and line-blanketed atmospheric model by inputting the atmospheric parameters（effective temperatures Teff, surface gravities log g, metallicity [Fe/H] and microturbulence velocity ξt） and equivalent widths of stellar absorption lines. These samples of Ba stars are giants as indicated by atmospheric parameters, metallicities and kinematic analysis about UVW velocity. Chemical abundances of 17 elements were obtained for these Ba stars. Their Na, Al, α- and iron-peak elements（O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca,Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni） are similar to the solar abundances. Our samples of Ba stars show obvious overabundances of neutron-capture（n-capture） process elements relative to the Sun. Their median abundances of[Ba/Fe], [La/Fe] and [Eu/Fe] are 0.54, 0.65 and 0.40, respectively. The Y I and Zr I abundances are lower than Ba, La and Eu, but higher than the α- and iron-peak elements for the strong Ba stars and similar to the iron-peak elements for the mild stars. There exists a positive correlation between Ba intensity and [Ba/Fe].For the n-capture elements（Y, Zr, Ba, La）, there is an anti-correlation between their [X/Fe] and [Fe/H]. We identify nine of our sample stars as strong Ba stars with [Ba/Fe]〉0.6 where seven of them have Ba intensity Ba=2-5, one has Ba=1.5 and another one has Ba=1.0. The remaining ten stars are classified as mild Ba stars with 0.17〈[Ba/Fe]〈0.54.

Agent Orange Chemical Plant Locations in the United States and Canada: Environmental and Human Health Impacts

During the Vietnam War, millions of liters of six tactical herbicides were sprayed on the southern Vietnam landscape to defoliate forests, to clear military perimeters and to destroy enemy food supplies. The environmental and human health impacts of spraying these herbicides, especially Agent Orange and those formulated with mixtures that included 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) which was contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetracholorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) have been documented over the last 60 years. The dioxin TCDD clean-up efforts at former military bases and other Vietnam hotspots are ongoing. However, the lesser-told story was the environmental and human health impacts on the communities and chemical plant workers who manufactured Agent Orange and other herbicides that became contaminated with dioxin TCDD in the manufacturing processes at seven locations in the United States and one site in Canada. The pollution at these chemical plant sites, adjacent rivers and groundwater is well known within each affected state or province but not widely recognized beyond their localities. In this paper we assess the national long-term effects on land, groundwater and river resources where Agent Orange and other agricultural herbicides containing 2,4,5-T with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD were manufactured, transported, and temporarily stored. The sites where residual tactical herbicides with contaminated by-products were applied to public lands or disposed of by military and civilian workers within the United States and Canada are identified. After 60 years, these communities are still paying the price for the U.S. Government, DOD and USDA decisions to provide and use agricultural herbicides as tactical chemical weapons during the Vietnam War (1962-1971). There have been human health issues associated with the chemical manufacture, transport, storage and disposal of these herbicides related to workers who moved these chemical weapons from United States and Canada to SE Asia. Most of these dioxin contaminated tactical herbicides were transported via railroads to ports at Mobile, Alabama and Gulfport, Mississippi. They were then loaded on ocean-going ships and transported via the Panama Canal for use during the Vietnam War. The objective of this study is to document the environmental and human consequences of the manufacture of tactical herbicides with dioxin TCDD and arsenic on the chemical plant, transportation, application, storage and disposal workers. The costs of cleanup of these North America chemical plant sites, transportation corridors, temporary and long-term storage areas, supply chain storage facilities with residual tactical herbicide, application, and disposal sites to date, is in the billions of dollars. Billions have been spent on hazardous waste incineration to destroy the dioxin TCDD or bury it in certified landfills. Government mandated environmental covenants are on titles of properties still contaminated with high levels of dioxin TCDD. If landowners attempt to rescind land use restrictions, many more billions of dollars will be needed to finish the environmental cleanup and restore natural resources. These cost estimates do not include the billions of dollars needed to treat the effects of dioxin TCDD exposure of U.S. and Canadian civilian workers who manufactured and handled these contaminated herbicides during the Vietnam War as well as address human health issues of their offspring.