Overview of development, design, testing and application of compact gas-insulated DC systems up to ±550 kV

The development of high-voltage direct current gas-insulated switchgear assemblies(DC GIS)of rated voltages up to±550 kV has been completed.DC GIS provide a compact technical solution with a high functional density,optimized for projects with limited space as in offshore HVDC converter platforms,onshore HVDC converter stations and transition stations between different transmission media.Up to now,no standards for testing of gas-insulated DC systems are available,although pre-standardization work is in progress within CIGRE.Some tests can be performed as required in AC GIS standards.Special aspects of DC voltage stress,like the electric field distribution of insulators influenced by the accumulation of electrical charge carriers and the operation-related inhomogeneous temperature distribution,must be considered by additional electric and thermoelectric tests.For DC GIS,the experience of long-term performance is limited today.Although ageing is expected to be of lower importance,tests are recommended.This contribution summarizes the physical and technical background to design and develop compact DC switchgear assemblies using gas-insulated technology.It explains the developed modules of the substation and gives an overview of the performed tests.Furthermore,it provides an insight in the on-going standardization activities and describes applications in converter and transition stations,showing its space-saving characteristics.

直流电压下GIS内部缺陷检测

在传统脉冲电流法的基础上,设计了直流电压下脉冲电流检测系统。通过施加直流电压和交流电压,对气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备(gas insulated metal enclosed switchgear and controlgear,GIS)内部缺陷的局部放电信号进行检测。直流电压和交流电压下局部放电信号特征对比结果表明,直流电压下局部放电起始电压较交流电压下低,直流检测技术可以高效、准确地检测缺陷局部放电。

一种先进的±550 kV高压直流GIS及其潜在应用

全球能源市场的变化如电能生产和用电负荷区域分布的变化、陆上及海上风能发电的增长促使高压直流输电和变电技术的进一步应用,变电站、换流站以及不同传输介质之间的转换站采用紧凑的直流气体绝缘开关(DC GIS)技术方案越来越多地成为最佳选择。与交流系统相比,直流GIS的绝缘系统有一些特殊性,如绝缘子表面电荷积聚现象、电导率对电荷积聚的影响、温度对电导率的影响、这些因素对电场强度分布的影响等。基于这些考虑,优化了绝缘系统的场强分布,设计了用于电压等级达±550 kV、额定电流高达5000 A的直流GIS的新型环氧树脂绝缘子和隔离开关等必备功能模块。此外还讨论了引入电场均匀化材料(FGM)来进一步改善电场分布的可行性。具有典型功能模块配置的直流GIS通过了专门的介电性能试验、热电性能和机械性能试验,以及国际大电网会议CIGRE推荐的绝缘系统试验等。这项技术将用于德国计划中的南北直流输电线路的变电站。