To analyze the factors which affecting transient stability of power system, the dynamic model of doubly-fed induction generator and direct-drive PM synchronous generator has been built using PSCAD. Impact of different...To analyze the factors which affecting transient stability of power system, the dynamic model of doubly-fed induction generator and direct-drive PM synchronous generator has been built using PSCAD. Impact of different wind farm integration on grid typically in China has been presented. The influence of the variations of transient reactance, negative sequence reactance and rotary inertia on critical clearing time of power system transient stability is analyzed by time-domain simulation. Mixture operation of DFIG and PMSG to optimize the stability of system has been analyzed firstly. The digital simulation results show that doubly-fed induction wind turbines is a better choice to meet the requirement of system instability due to large wind farm integration in comparison with direct-drive PM synchronous wind turbines. With a rather large rotary inertia, the proper ratio of direct-drive PM synchronous wind turbines used in wind farm could be comprehensive planning by optimized the stability of system. Analysis of this paper should be provided as academic reference for improving design of wind farm system.展开更多
在“沙戈荒”地区风电经电网换相高压直流输电(line-commutated-converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)外送系统中,采用基于匹配控制的构网型直驱风机(matching control permanent magnet synchronous generator,MC-PM...在“沙戈荒”地区风电经电网换相高压直流输电(line-commutated-converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)外送系统中,采用基于匹配控制的构网型直驱风机(matching control permanent magnet synchronous generator,MC-PMSG)可以提升送端电网的稳定性。然而,当MC-PMSG位于LCC-HVDC整流站近区时,系统的次同步振荡(sub-synchronous oscillation,SSO)特性尚未明确。针对上述问题,该文采用模块化建模法建立MC-PMSG经LCC-HVDC送出系统的小信号模型,通过特征值法研究MC-PMSG与LCC-HVDC对系统各SSO模态的参与情况与系统运行方式变化对次同步振荡阻尼特性的影响,通过阻尼重构法分析LCC-HVDC并网对系统振荡风险的影响机理。研究结果表明,系统存在匹配控制型风机主导、LCC-HVDC参与的SSO模态,MC-PMSG与LCC-HVDC间的次同步交互作用为SSO提供负阻尼;当混合型风电场中的MC-PMSG占比增大、MC-PMSG风电场容量增大或短路比减小、LCC-HVDC定电流控制器的比例系数增大、风机网侧换流控制器外环积分系数减小、直流电容增大时,SSO阻尼增大。通过PSCAD/EMTDC电磁暂态仿真证明理论分析结果的有效性。展开更多
基于模块化多电平换流器MMC(modular multilevel converter)的高压直流输电HVDC(high voltage direct current transmission)因具有无源网络支撑等优势而被广泛应用于大容量新能源外送消纳。受电力电子设备交互作用等因素影响,送端系统...基于模块化多电平换流器MMC(modular multilevel converter)的高压直流输电HVDC(high voltage direct current transmission)因具有无源网络支撑等优势而被广泛应用于大容量新能源外送消纳。受电力电子设备交互作用等因素影响,送端系统易发生振荡失稳现象。首先,建立了直驱风电场经MMC-HVDC并网送端系统的小扰动线性化模型,分析了风场有功输出对系统稳定性的影响。然后,建立了MMC及风机并网变流器交流侧dq阻抗模型,从阻抗角度揭示了送端系统振荡失稳机理。进一步,提出了基于MMC交流电压控制外环q轴附加阻尼的振荡抑制策略,可满足系统满功率范围内的运行稳定性要求。最后,基于全比例模型的仿真结果验证了所提振荡抑制策略的有效性。展开更多
随着高压直流输电工程的不断投产,以及风电项目的增多,越来越多的风电场出现在电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line-commutated-converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)受端换流站近区,两者构成的系统存在振荡风险。为此,...随着高压直流输电工程的不断投产,以及风电项目的增多,越来越多的风电场出现在电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line-commutated-converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)受端换流站近区,两者构成的系统存在振荡风险。为此,该文针对直流受端馈入站与近区风电场系统的振荡特性展开研究。首先,建立并验证系统的状态空间模型,基于该模型计算出系统特征值,确定LCC-HVDC与风电场共同参与的振荡主导模式并进行参与因子分析。进一步地,通过对比是否接入LCC-HVDC的主导模式,得到LCC-HVDC的接入会削弱系统阻尼的结论。最后,从系统额定容量、交流系统短路比、风电场并网线路长度等方面探究系统稳定性的影响因素,并分析系统的不同短路比、潮流比对风机网侧换流器(grid-side converter,GSC)外环控制和换流站定电流控制器性能的影响。展开更多
基于模块化多电平换流器的高压柔性直流输电系统(modular multilevel converter-based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)常采用双极接线方式以提高系统功率输送能力和可靠性。然而目前对于风电场经柔直外送系统的稳定性研究集中...基于模块化多电平换流器的高压柔性直流输电系统(modular multilevel converter-based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)常采用双极接线方式以提高系统功率输送能力和可靠性。然而目前对于风电场经柔直外送系统的稳定性研究集中于单极接线方式,孤岛直驱风电场与采用不同双极协调控制的双极MMC-HVDC互联系统小信号稳定性问题还有待进一步探究。该文首先考虑频率耦合特性、参考系初相位和直流侧耦合特性的影响,分别建立了采用双U/f下垂控制和定U/f-P/Q控制的双极MMC-HVDC系统交流侧等效SISO阻抗模型,并详细分析了金属回线阻抗和双极间功率均分度对交流阻抗特性的影响。接着对比研究了两种协调控制中共有控制环路和特有控制环路对交流侧负电阻特性及互联系统稳定性的影响规律。最后,孤岛直驱风电场经两种双极协调控制下双极MMC-HVDC外送系统Matlab/Simulink时域仿真结果和硬件在环半实物实时仿真实验结果验证了所提出的小信号阻抗模型的精确性和稳定性分析结论的有效性。展开更多
Voltage source converter(VSC) based high voltage direct current(HVDC) transmission is most suited for the wind farm as it allows flexibility for reactive power control in multi-terminal transmission lines and transmit...Voltage source converter(VSC) based high voltage direct current(HVDC) transmission is most suited for the wind farm as it allows flexibility for reactive power control in multi-terminal transmission lines and transmits low power over smaller distance. In this work, a new method has been proposed to detect the fault, identify the section of faults and classify the pole of the fault in DC transmission lines fed from onshore wind farm. In the proposed scheme, voltage signal from rectifier end terminal is extracted with sampling frequency of 1 k Hz given as the input to the detection, classification and section discrimi-nation module. In this work, severe AC faults are also considered for section discrimination. Proposed method uses fuzzy inference system(FIS) to carry out all relaying task. The reach setting of the relay is 99.9% of the transmission line. Besides, the protection covers and discriminates the grounding fault with fault resistance up to 300 Ω.Considering the results of the proposed method, it can beused effectively in real power network.展开更多
The high-speed simulation of large-scale offshore wind farms(OWFs) preserving the internal machine information has become a huge challenge due to the large wind turbine(WT) count and microsecond-range time step. Hence...The high-speed simulation of large-scale offshore wind farms(OWFs) preserving the internal machine information has become a huge challenge due to the large wind turbine(WT) count and microsecond-range time step. Hence, it is undoable to investigate the internal node information of the OWF in the electro-magnetic transient(EMT) programs. To fill this gap,this paper presents an equivalent modeling method for largescale OWF, whose accuracy and efficiency are guaranteed by integrating the individual devices of permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG) based WT. The node-elimination algorithm is used while the internal machine information is recursively updated. Unlike the existing aggregation methods, the developed EMT model can reflect the characteristics of each WT under different wind speeds and WT parameters without modifying the codes. The access to each WT controller is preserved so that the time-varying dynamics of all the WTs could be simulated. Comparisons of the proposed model with the detailed model in PSCAD/EMTDC have shown very high precision and high efficiency. The proposed modeling procedures can be used as reference for other types of WTs once the structures and parameters are given.展开更多
海上风电场需具备低电压穿越(low voltage ride-through,LVRT)能力,以避免故障时风机脱网,然而,LVRT策略对并网系统大扰动后的稳定性影响不明。有鉴于此,该文搭建了接入交流电网系统的海上直驱风电场模型,并分析其在弱连接时大扰动下LVR...海上风电场需具备低电压穿越(low voltage ride-through,LVRT)能力,以避免故障时风机脱网,然而,LVRT策略对并网系统大扰动后的稳定性影响不明。有鉴于此,该文搭建了接入交流电网系统的海上直驱风电场模型,并分析其在弱连接时大扰动下LVRT引发的不同类型振荡机理和特性。具体如下:首先搭建了含LVRT的海上直驱风电场接入交流电网系统电磁暂态模型;其次,分析了该系统的阻抗特性,发现该系统具有次同步振荡风险,且在弱连接时正阻尼系统遭受大扰动后会出现LVRT参与形成的次同步频段振荡;再次,探究了振荡和LVRT不同控制环节的关系,表明大扰动后正阻尼系统的LVRT无功环节阶段2-1的策略1或2均可参与形成因补偿电流过大而引发的切换型振荡,且不同控制策略对应的振荡均存在限幅间歇性饱和现象;最后,分析了LVRT控制策略及参数对振荡特性的影响。展开更多
文摘To analyze the factors which affecting transient stability of power system, the dynamic model of doubly-fed induction generator and direct-drive PM synchronous generator has been built using PSCAD. Impact of different wind farm integration on grid typically in China has been presented. The influence of the variations of transient reactance, negative sequence reactance and rotary inertia on critical clearing time of power system transient stability is analyzed by time-domain simulation. Mixture operation of DFIG and PMSG to optimize the stability of system has been analyzed firstly. The digital simulation results show that doubly-fed induction wind turbines is a better choice to meet the requirement of system instability due to large wind farm integration in comparison with direct-drive PM synchronous wind turbines. With a rather large rotary inertia, the proper ratio of direct-drive PM synchronous wind turbines used in wind farm could be comprehensive planning by optimized the stability of system. Analysis of this paper should be provided as academic reference for improving design of wind farm system.
文摘在“沙戈荒”地区风电经电网换相高压直流输电(line-commutated-converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)外送系统中,采用基于匹配控制的构网型直驱风机(matching control permanent magnet synchronous generator,MC-PMSG)可以提升送端电网的稳定性。然而,当MC-PMSG位于LCC-HVDC整流站近区时,系统的次同步振荡(sub-synchronous oscillation,SSO)特性尚未明确。针对上述问题,该文采用模块化建模法建立MC-PMSG经LCC-HVDC送出系统的小信号模型,通过特征值法研究MC-PMSG与LCC-HVDC对系统各SSO模态的参与情况与系统运行方式变化对次同步振荡阻尼特性的影响,通过阻尼重构法分析LCC-HVDC并网对系统振荡风险的影响机理。研究结果表明,系统存在匹配控制型风机主导、LCC-HVDC参与的SSO模态,MC-PMSG与LCC-HVDC间的次同步交互作用为SSO提供负阻尼;当混合型风电场中的MC-PMSG占比增大、MC-PMSG风电场容量增大或短路比减小、LCC-HVDC定电流控制器的比例系数增大、风机网侧换流控制器外环积分系数减小、直流电容增大时,SSO阻尼增大。通过PSCAD/EMTDC电磁暂态仿真证明理论分析结果的有效性。
文摘基于模块化多电平换流器MMC(modular multilevel converter)的高压直流输电HVDC(high voltage direct current transmission)因具有无源网络支撑等优势而被广泛应用于大容量新能源外送消纳。受电力电子设备交互作用等因素影响,送端系统易发生振荡失稳现象。首先,建立了直驱风电场经MMC-HVDC并网送端系统的小扰动线性化模型,分析了风场有功输出对系统稳定性的影响。然后,建立了MMC及风机并网变流器交流侧dq阻抗模型,从阻抗角度揭示了送端系统振荡失稳机理。进一步,提出了基于MMC交流电压控制外环q轴附加阻尼的振荡抑制策略,可满足系统满功率范围内的运行稳定性要求。最后,基于全比例模型的仿真结果验证了所提振荡抑制策略的有效性。
文摘随着高压直流输电工程的不断投产,以及风电项目的增多,越来越多的风电场出现在电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line-commutated-converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)受端换流站近区,两者构成的系统存在振荡风险。为此,该文针对直流受端馈入站与近区风电场系统的振荡特性展开研究。首先,建立并验证系统的状态空间模型,基于该模型计算出系统特征值,确定LCC-HVDC与风电场共同参与的振荡主导模式并进行参与因子分析。进一步地,通过对比是否接入LCC-HVDC的主导模式,得到LCC-HVDC的接入会削弱系统阻尼的结论。最后,从系统额定容量、交流系统短路比、风电场并网线路长度等方面探究系统稳定性的影响因素,并分析系统的不同短路比、潮流比对风机网侧换流器(grid-side converter,GSC)外环控制和换流站定电流控制器性能的影响。
文摘基于模块化多电平换流器的高压柔性直流输电系统(modular multilevel converter-based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)常采用双极接线方式以提高系统功率输送能力和可靠性。然而目前对于风电场经柔直外送系统的稳定性研究集中于单极接线方式,孤岛直驱风电场与采用不同双极协调控制的双极MMC-HVDC互联系统小信号稳定性问题还有待进一步探究。该文首先考虑频率耦合特性、参考系初相位和直流侧耦合特性的影响,分别建立了采用双U/f下垂控制和定U/f-P/Q控制的双极MMC-HVDC系统交流侧等效SISO阻抗模型,并详细分析了金属回线阻抗和双极间功率均分度对交流阻抗特性的影响。接着对比研究了两种协调控制中共有控制环路和特有控制环路对交流侧负电阻特性及互联系统稳定性的影响规律。最后,孤岛直驱风电场经两种双极协调控制下双极MMC-HVDC外送系统Matlab/Simulink时域仿真结果和硬件在环半实物实时仿真实验结果验证了所提出的小信号阻抗模型的精确性和稳定性分析结论的有效性。
文摘Voltage source converter(VSC) based high voltage direct current(HVDC) transmission is most suited for the wind farm as it allows flexibility for reactive power control in multi-terminal transmission lines and transmits low power over smaller distance. In this work, a new method has been proposed to detect the fault, identify the section of faults and classify the pole of the fault in DC transmission lines fed from onshore wind farm. In the proposed scheme, voltage signal from rectifier end terminal is extracted with sampling frequency of 1 k Hz given as the input to the detection, classification and section discrimi-nation module. In this work, severe AC faults are also considered for section discrimination. Proposed method uses fuzzy inference system(FIS) to carry out all relaying task. The reach setting of the relay is 99.9% of the transmission line. Besides, the protection covers and discriminates the grounding fault with fault resistance up to 300 Ω.Considering the results of the proposed method, it can beused effectively in real power network.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52277094)Science and Technology Project of China Huaneng Group Co.,Ltd.(No. HNKJ20-H88)。
文摘The high-speed simulation of large-scale offshore wind farms(OWFs) preserving the internal machine information has become a huge challenge due to the large wind turbine(WT) count and microsecond-range time step. Hence, it is undoable to investigate the internal node information of the OWF in the electro-magnetic transient(EMT) programs. To fill this gap,this paper presents an equivalent modeling method for largescale OWF, whose accuracy and efficiency are guaranteed by integrating the individual devices of permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG) based WT. The node-elimination algorithm is used while the internal machine information is recursively updated. Unlike the existing aggregation methods, the developed EMT model can reflect the characteristics of each WT under different wind speeds and WT parameters without modifying the codes. The access to each WT controller is preserved so that the time-varying dynamics of all the WTs could be simulated. Comparisons of the proposed model with the detailed model in PSCAD/EMTDC have shown very high precision and high efficiency. The proposed modeling procedures can be used as reference for other types of WTs once the structures and parameters are given.
文摘海上风电场需具备低电压穿越(low voltage ride-through,LVRT)能力,以避免故障时风机脱网,然而,LVRT策略对并网系统大扰动后的稳定性影响不明。有鉴于此,该文搭建了接入交流电网系统的海上直驱风电场模型,并分析其在弱连接时大扰动下LVRT引发的不同类型振荡机理和特性。具体如下:首先搭建了含LVRT的海上直驱风电场接入交流电网系统电磁暂态模型;其次,分析了该系统的阻抗特性,发现该系统具有次同步振荡风险,且在弱连接时正阻尼系统遭受大扰动后会出现LVRT参与形成的次同步频段振荡;再次,探究了振荡和LVRT不同控制环节的关系,表明大扰动后正阻尼系统的LVRT无功环节阶段2-1的策略1或2均可参与形成因补偿电流过大而引发的切换型振荡,且不同控制策略对应的振荡均存在限幅间歇性饱和现象;最后,分析了LVRT控制策略及参数对振荡特性的影响。