由于传统淡水鱼池塘养殖存在废物过量堆积、水体污染严重等问题,以及中国对水产品需求的增加,工厂化循环水养殖、集装箱、圈养模式等高质量、高产量、集约化的新型淡水鱼养殖模式逐渐得到应用。针对新型淡水鱼养殖模式存在投饲劳动强度...由于传统淡水鱼池塘养殖存在废物过量堆积、水体污染严重等问题,以及中国对水产品需求的增加,工厂化循环水养殖、集装箱、圈养模式等高质量、高产量、集约化的新型淡水鱼养殖模式逐渐得到应用。针对新型淡水鱼养殖模式存在投饲劳动强度大、自动化程度低等问题,设计了一款气送式自动投饲系统,实现了定向、定时和定量投饲功能。设计了特定的四通装置和三通装置以保证饲料的定向输送;基于计算流体力学和离散单元法(Computational fluid dynamics-Discrete element method,CFD-DEM)耦合技术,初步确定了满足投饲要求的投饲速度并由此确定了风机型号;开发了以Arduino Mega 2560单片机为核心处理器的投饲控制系统,通过时钟模块实时获取当前时间信息,通过称量传感器实时获取料仓内物料质量信息,通过蓝牙传输预计投饲区域、投饲时间和投饲质量,从而实现定向定时定量投饲;最后试制样机并进行了性能试验,两种工况下投饲的实际投饲距离与仿真结果误差分别为5.74%和9.54%,定向、定时和定量投饲可以准确实现,控制系统响应时间小于1 s,定量投饲最大误差为5.37%。研究结果表明,自动投饲系统结构可靠、控制系统精度较高,满足自动投饲要求。展开更多
随着高压直流输电工程的不断投产,以及风电项目的增多,越来越多的风电场出现在电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line-commutated-converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)受端换流站近区,两者构成的系统存在振荡风险。为此,...随着高压直流输电工程的不断投产,以及风电项目的增多,越来越多的风电场出现在电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line-commutated-converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)受端换流站近区,两者构成的系统存在振荡风险。为此,该文针对直流受端馈入站与近区风电场系统的振荡特性展开研究。首先,建立并验证系统的状态空间模型,基于该模型计算出系统特征值,确定LCC-HVDC与风电场共同参与的振荡主导模式并进行参与因子分析。进一步地,通过对比是否接入LCC-HVDC的主导模式,得到LCC-HVDC的接入会削弱系统阻尼的结论。最后,从系统额定容量、交流系统短路比、风电场并网线路长度等方面探究系统稳定性的影响因素,并分析系统的不同短路比、潮流比对风机网侧换流器(grid-side converter,GSC)外环控制和换流站定电流控制器性能的影响。展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the ability of Bacillus spp. as direct-fed microbials(DFM) to biodegrade al atoxin B1(AFB1) by using an in vitro digestive model simulating in vivo conditions.Methods: Sixty-nine Bacillus isolat...Objective: To evaluate the ability of Bacillus spp. as direct-fed microbials(DFM) to biodegrade al atoxin B1(AFB1) by using an in vitro digestive model simulating in vivo conditions.Methods: Sixty-nine Bacillus isolates were obtained from intestines, and soil samples were screened by using a selective media method against 0.25 and 1.00 μg/m L of AFB1 in modii ed Czapek-Dox medium. Plates were incubated at 37 °C and observed every two days for two weeks. Physiological properties of the three Bacillus spp. candidates were characterized biochemically and by 16 S r RNA sequence analyzes for identii cation. Tolerance to acidic p H, osmotic concentrations of Na Cl, bile salts were tested, and antimicrobial sensitivity proi les were also determined. Bacillus candidates were individually sporulated by using a solid fermentation method and combined. Spores were incorporated into 1 of 3 experimental feed groups: 1) Negative control group, with unmedicated starter broiler feed without AFB1; 2) Positive control group, with negative control feed contaminated with 0.01% AFB1; 3) DFM treated group, with positive control feed supplemented with 109 spores/g. After digestion time(3:15 h), supernatants and digesta were collected for high-performance liquid chromatography l uorescence detection analysis by triplicate.Results: Three out of those sixty-nine DFM candidates showed ability to biodegrade AFB1 in vitro based on growth as well as reduction of l uorescence and area of clearance around each colony in modii ed Czapek-Dox medium which was clearly visible under day light after 48 h of evaluation. Analysis of 16S-DNA identii ed the strains as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis. The three Bacillus strains were tolerant to acidic conditions(p H 2.0), tolerant to a high osmotic pressure(Na Cl at 6.5%), and were able to tolerate 0.037% bile salts after 24 h of incubation. No signii cant dif erences(P > 0.05) were observed in the concentrations of AFB1 in neither the supernatants nor digesta samples evaluated by highperformance liquid chromatography with l uorescence detection between positive control or DFM treated groups. Conclusions: In vitro digestion time was not enough to confirm biodegradation of AFB1. Further studies to evaluate the possible biodegradation ef ects of the BacillusDFM when continuously administered in experimentally contaminated feed with AFB1, are in progress.展开更多
文摘由于传统淡水鱼池塘养殖存在废物过量堆积、水体污染严重等问题,以及中国对水产品需求的增加,工厂化循环水养殖、集装箱、圈养模式等高质量、高产量、集约化的新型淡水鱼养殖模式逐渐得到应用。针对新型淡水鱼养殖模式存在投饲劳动强度大、自动化程度低等问题,设计了一款气送式自动投饲系统,实现了定向、定时和定量投饲功能。设计了特定的四通装置和三通装置以保证饲料的定向输送;基于计算流体力学和离散单元法(Computational fluid dynamics-Discrete element method,CFD-DEM)耦合技术,初步确定了满足投饲要求的投饲速度并由此确定了风机型号;开发了以Arduino Mega 2560单片机为核心处理器的投饲控制系统,通过时钟模块实时获取当前时间信息,通过称量传感器实时获取料仓内物料质量信息,通过蓝牙传输预计投饲区域、投饲时间和投饲质量,从而实现定向定时定量投饲;最后试制样机并进行了性能试验,两种工况下投饲的实际投饲距离与仿真结果误差分别为5.74%和9.54%,定向、定时和定量投饲可以准确实现,控制系统响应时间小于1 s,定量投饲最大误差为5.37%。研究结果表明,自动投饲系统结构可靠、控制系统精度较高,满足自动投饲要求。
文摘随着高压直流输电工程的不断投产,以及风电项目的增多,越来越多的风电场出现在电网换相换流器高压直流输电(line-commutated-converter based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)受端换流站近区,两者构成的系统存在振荡风险。为此,该文针对直流受端馈入站与近区风电场系统的振荡特性展开研究。首先,建立并验证系统的状态空间模型,基于该模型计算出系统特征值,确定LCC-HVDC与风电场共同参与的振荡主导模式并进行参与因子分析。进一步地,通过对比是否接入LCC-HVDC的主导模式,得到LCC-HVDC的接入会削弱系统阻尼的结论。最后,从系统额定容量、交流系统短路比、风电场并网线路长度等方面探究系统稳定性的影响因素,并分析系统的不同短路比、潮流比对风机网侧换流器(grid-side converter,GSC)外环控制和换流站定电流控制器性能的影响。
基金Supported by the Autogenous Vaccine Research Project of the Poultry Health Laboratory,Poultry Science Department,University of Arkansas
文摘Objective: To evaluate the ability of Bacillus spp. as direct-fed microbials(DFM) to biodegrade al atoxin B1(AFB1) by using an in vitro digestive model simulating in vivo conditions.Methods: Sixty-nine Bacillus isolates were obtained from intestines, and soil samples were screened by using a selective media method against 0.25 and 1.00 μg/m L of AFB1 in modii ed Czapek-Dox medium. Plates were incubated at 37 °C and observed every two days for two weeks. Physiological properties of the three Bacillus spp. candidates were characterized biochemically and by 16 S r RNA sequence analyzes for identii cation. Tolerance to acidic p H, osmotic concentrations of Na Cl, bile salts were tested, and antimicrobial sensitivity proi les were also determined. Bacillus candidates were individually sporulated by using a solid fermentation method and combined. Spores were incorporated into 1 of 3 experimental feed groups: 1) Negative control group, with unmedicated starter broiler feed without AFB1; 2) Positive control group, with negative control feed contaminated with 0.01% AFB1; 3) DFM treated group, with positive control feed supplemented with 109 spores/g. After digestion time(3:15 h), supernatants and digesta were collected for high-performance liquid chromatography l uorescence detection analysis by triplicate.Results: Three out of those sixty-nine DFM candidates showed ability to biodegrade AFB1 in vitro based on growth as well as reduction of l uorescence and area of clearance around each colony in modii ed Czapek-Dox medium which was clearly visible under day light after 48 h of evaluation. Analysis of 16S-DNA identii ed the strains as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis. The three Bacillus strains were tolerant to acidic conditions(p H 2.0), tolerant to a high osmotic pressure(Na Cl at 6.5%), and were able to tolerate 0.037% bile salts after 24 h of incubation. No signii cant dif erences(P > 0.05) were observed in the concentrations of AFB1 in neither the supernatants nor digesta samples evaluated by highperformance liquid chromatography with l uorescence detection between positive control or DFM treated groups. Conclusions: In vitro digestion time was not enough to confirm biodegradation of AFB1. Further studies to evaluate the possible biodegradation ef ects of the BacillusDFM when continuously administered in experimentally contaminated feed with AFB1, are in progress.
