AN EFFICIENT METHOD FOR SOLVING THE MIXED DIRECT-INVERSE PROBLEM OF THE TRANSONIC ROTATIONAL FLOW IN PLANE CASCADES

The method in [1] has been extended to the case of rotational flow in this paper. A new method for dealing with the shock wave is presented. This method has the advantages of both the shock-fitting and the shock capturing methods. The direct problem and the mixed direct-inverse prob- lem of the rotational flow in a transonic plane cascade at both design and off design conditions are solved, and the results show that the present method has rapid convergence rate and high accuracy even for the flow with moderately strong shocks. The calculations have been carried out on the DPS-8 computer, and for the direct problem, only 50-80 iterations are needed, and 50-80 seconds of CPU time are required.

Self-directed learning readiness and social problem solving of nursing students in Macao

Objective The aims of this study were to describe nursing students′self-directed learning readiness and social problem solving and test their correlations in Macao.Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 140baccalaureate nursing students.A stratified random sampling was performed.The Self-directed Learning Readiness(SDLR)Scale and Chinese Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised(C-SPSI-R)were used.Results The response rate was 79.3%.Students possessed readiness for self-directed learning(mean 149.09±12.53,51.4%at high level,48.6%at low level).Regarding to social problem solving,the mean scores of each subscale were 9.35±3.25(Rational Problem Solving,RPS),10.26±3.23(Positive Problem Orientation,PPO),8.14±4.06(Negative Problem Orientation,NPO),5.67±4.44(Avoidance Style,AS),and 4.84±3.03(Impulsivity/Carelessness Style,ICS).SDLR was positively related to RPS and PPO,but was negatively related to AS.Conclusion Half of students possessed stronger readiness for self-directed learning.Students had a belief in the ability to solve problems,and adopted relevant strategies in solving problems.However,students still had negative and dysfunctional orientation and defective attempts in solving problems.Self-directed learning was positively related to positive and constructive orientation,but was negatively related to defective problem-solving pattern.Nurse educators should create educational climates for promoting student confidence and mutual responsibility for learning and their thinking process for problem solving.

Traditional Chinese Medicine in orthopaedics—Problems and future direction

Introduction: Orthopaedic surgery includes varieties of injuries and other pathologies. Treatments are complicated while healing and recovery take time. Rehabilitation needs planning and commitment. In the Chinese Communities, traditional medicine has been popular since hundreds of years ago and has remained so in spite of the current advances in medicine. The purpose of this review is to identify the techniques being used in current situations, the indications and problems. Varieties of Traditional Treatments: 1) Topical applications of herbs are very much welcome after joint sprains, inflammatory conditions and even fractures. 2) On the wide area of physical training, the Chinese Tai-chi and Qigong are excellent gentle exercises for personal pursues. These exercises emphasize on body-mind interactions and carry strong philosophical insights. 3) Acupuncture has become standard rehabilitation practice in some hospitals and is getting even more popular in pain control and rehabilitation training after nerve injuries. Problems: Topical agents for pain and inflammation are not totally safe because allergic adverse conditions could happen from time to time. The major concern could be the unawareness of non-unions or delayed unions in fracture cases after herbal applications because the traditional healers are using too little modern assessment tools. Physical trainings and acupunctures are on the whole safe, only that indications are not clearly defined. Future Direction: 1) Concerning the topical agents used for pain and swelling, the essential research requirements include demonstration on the topical agents’ anti inflammatory, angiogenic and cell regenerative effects. The capability of skin penetration needs to be confirmed and a final clinical trial will further confirm the efficacy. 2) Clinical researches trying to obtain evidence on the use of Tai-chi and Qigong on the neuromuscular recovery are plentiful, while their effects on cardiovascular and respiratory health are likewise encouraging. 3) Acupuncture has already become a standard treatment option for pain control, nausea/vomiting and neuromuscular recoveries.

A Direct Algorithm for the Vertical Generalized Complementarity Problem Associated with <i>P</i>-Matrices

We present a direct algorithm for solving the vertical generalized linear complementarity problem, first considered by Cottle and Dantzig, when the associated matrix is a vertical block P-matrix. The algorithm converges to a unique solution in a finite number of steps, without an assumption of nondegeneracy on the given problem. The algorithm is simple, efficient, and easy to implement.

Impact of self-directed learning readiness and learning attitude on problem-solving ability among Chinese undergraduate nursing students

Objective: To explore the effects of self-directed learning readiness and learning attitude on problem-solving ability among Chinese undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A convenience sampling of 460 undergraduate nursing students was surveyed in Tianjin, China. Students who participated in the study completed a questionnaire that included social demographic questionnaire, Self-directed Learning Readiness Scale, Attitude to Learning Scale, and Social Problem-Solving Inventory. Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to test the correlations among problem-solving ability, self-directed learning readiness, and learning attitude. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to explore the mediating role of learning attitude. Results: The results showed that learning attitude (r=0.338, P<0.01) and self-directed learning readiness (r=0.493, P<0.01) were positively correlated with problem-solving ability. Learning attitude played a partial intermediary role between self-directed learning readiness and problem-solving ability (F=74.227, P<0.01). Conclusions: It is concluded that nursing educators should pay attention on students’ individual differences and take proper actions to inspire students’ self-directed learning readiness and learning attitude.

A Method for Normal Direction Judge Applied in Electrocardiographic Problem

Boundary Element Method (BEM) is widely used in electrocardiographic (ECG) problem. Formulations of these problems based on mathematical and numerical approximations of the known source in heart and the volume conductor that can transfer voltages on the surface of the body. To analyze the electric potentials on body surface or epicardial surface, a set of discrete equations derived from a boundary integral equations need to be solved. Solving these equations means to get the potential distribution eventually. In the process of solving, transfer matrix of discrete equations has received considerable attention, how to get an appropriate transfer matrix is an important issue. This paper found that the direction of normal vector could affect the results when calculating the transfer matrix and presents a method analogous to Mesh Current Method to deal with this direction problem. Several simulations have been carried out to verify the accurate results with the correct direction of normal vector using new method within a torso model given simultaneous epicardial and body surface potential recordings.

Apparent directional spectral emissivity determination of semitransparent materials

An inverse estimation method and corresponding measurement system are developed to measure the apparent spectral directional emissivities of semitransparent materials. The normal spectral emissivity and transmissivity serve as input for the inverse analysis. Consequently, the refractive index and absorption coefficient of the semitransparent material could be retrieved by using the pseudo source adding method as the forward method and the stochastic particle swarm optimization algorithm as the inverse method. Finally, the arbitrary apparent spectral directional emissivity of semitransparent material is estimated by using the pseudo source adding method given the retrieval refractive index and absorption coefficient. The present system has the advantage of a simple experimental structure, high accuracy, and excellent capability to measure the emissivity in an arbitrary direction. Furthermore, the apparent spectral directional emissivity of sapphire at 773 K is measured by using this system in a spectral range of 3 μm-12 μm and a viewing range of 0°-90°. The present method paves the way for a new directional spectral emissivity measurement strategy.

On the Quadratic Transportation Problem

We present a direct analytical algorithm for solving transportation problems with quadratic function cost coefficients. The algorithm uses the concept of absolute points developed by the authors in earlier works. The versatility of the proposed algorithm is evidenced by the fact that quadratic functions are often used as approximations for other functions, as in, for example, regression analysis. As compared with the earlier international methods for quadratic transportation problem (QTP) which are based on the Lagrangian relaxation approach, the proposed algorithm helps to understand the structure of the QTP better and can guide in managerial decisions. We present a numerical example to illustrate the application of the proposed method.

A Table Based Algorithm for MinimumDirected Spanning Trees

As far as the weighted digraph is considered, an optimal directed spanning tree algorithm called table based algorithm (TBA) is proposed in the paper based on the table instead of the weighted digraph. The optimality is proved, and a numerical example is demonstrated.

结构区间参数反求的DIRECT算法

提出一种基于DIRECT算法的结构区间参数反求方法。对于结构不确定性参数反求问题,一般转化为不确定性传播和模型参数优化的双层求解问题。首先,区间模型用来描述响应和待识别结构参数的不确定性,并建立了相应区间参数反求模型。其次,在迭代反求过程中自适应更新径向基函数用来近似原系统模型,并利用DIRECT算法来求解内层不确定性传播问题。最后,通过遗传算法来求解外层的优化模型,从而识别结构不确定性参数的区间。数值算例用来验证了该方法的正确性和有效性,并将该方法应用来反求车辆乘员约束系统中的不确定性参数。

Greedy Randomized Gauss-Seidel Method with Oblique Direction

For the linear least squares problem with coefficient matrix columns being highly correlated, we develop a greedy randomized Gauss-Seidel method with oblique direction. Then the corresponding convergence result is deduced. Numerical examples demonstrate that our proposed method is superior to the greedy randomized Gauss-Seidel method and the randomized Gauss-Seidel method with oblique direction.

THE CHARACTERISTIC FINITE ELEMENT ALTERNATING-DIRECTION METHOD AND ANALYSIS FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL RESERVOIR SIMULATION

Petroleum science has made remarkable progress in organic geochcmistry and in the research into the theories of petroleum origin, its transport and accumulation. In estimating the oil-gas resources of a basin, the knowledge of its evolutionary history and especially the numerical computation of fluid flow and the history of its changes under heat is vital. The mathematical model can be described as a coupled system of nonlinear partial differentical equations with initial-boundary value problems. This thesis, from actual conditions such as the effect of fluid compressibility and the three-dimensional characteristic of large-scale science-engineering computation, we put forward a kind of characteristic finite element alternating-direction schemes and obtain optimal order estimates in L^2 norm for the error in the approximate assumption.

高效推进“十四五”末全面完成安徽省废弃矿山生态修复任务之路径

安徽省是矿业大省,长时间高强度的矿业活动对生态环境造成了损害。“十三五”以来安徽省投入大量人力、物力、财力对全省废弃矿山开展生态修复工作,生态效益、社会效益显著。本文对“十四五”2021—2023年6月间安徽省废弃矿山生态修复工作进行了全面评估,总结了取得的成效,分析了废弃矿山生态修复工作面临的问题,提出了2023—2025年下一步工作方向和实施路径。

A TRUST REGION ALGORITHM VIA BILEVEL LINEAR PROGRAMMING FOR SOLVING THE GENERAL MULTICOMMODITY MINIMAL COST FLOW PROBLEMS

This paper proposes a nonmonotonic backtracking trust region algorithm via bilevel linear programming for solving the general multicommodity minimal cost flow problems.Using the duality theory of the linear programming and convex theory,the generalized directional derivative of the general multicommodity minimal cost flow problems is derived.The global convergence and superlinear convergence rate of the proposed algorithm are established under some mild conditions.

Electrical Impedance Tomography Based on Direct Search Method

Solution to impedance distribution in electrical impedance tomography （EIT） is an ill-posed nonlinear inverse problem. It is especially difficult to reconstruct an EIT image in the center area of a measured object. Tikhonov regularization with some prior information is a sound regnlarization method for static electrical impedance tomography under the condition that some true impedance distribution information is known a priori. This paper presents a direct search method （DSM） as pretreatment of image reconstruction through which one not only can construct a regularization matrix which may locate in areas of impedance change, but also can obtain an initial impedance distribution more similar to the true impedance distribution, as well as better current modes which can better distinguish the initial distribution and the true distribution. Simulation results indicate that, by using DSM, resolution in the center area of the measured object can be improved significantly.

博士生教育高质量发展:直博生的学术困局及破局路径解析

直博生已经成为我国博士生群体的重要组成部分之一。然而,直博生在博士攻读期间易陷入学术热情衰减、学术信念缺失、学术表现不佳的学术困局。该文基于质性研究方法,探究直博生陷入学术困局的原因。研究结果表明,入学动机杂糅和科研基础薄弱的个体学术背景、角色过渡不顺和高期待难以回应的角色失配、导师和朋辈互动障碍导致的社群嵌入水平低以及学术职业不确定性和非学术职业的广阔前景的劳动力市场因素介入是导致直博生陷入学术困局的主要原因。据此提出,以入学动机为直博生招考遴选的重点指标;加强本科教育阶段与博士教育阶段的有效衔接,建立针对直博生群体特质的独立培养体系,建设拓宽直博生职业发展路径的职业发展教育平台的破局路径。

非凸多分块优化的Bregman ADMM的收敛率研究

Wang等提出了求解带线性约束的多块可分非凸优化问题的带Bregman距离的交替方向乘子法(Bregman ADMM),并证明了其收敛性.该文将进一步研究求解带线性约束的多块可分非凸优化问题的Bregman ADMM的收敛率,以及算法产生的迭代点列有界的充分条件.在效益函数的Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz (KL)性质下,该文建立了值和迭代的收敛速率,证明了与目标函数相关的各种KL指数值可获得Bregman ADMM的三种不同收敛速度.更确切地说,该文证明了如下结果:如果效益函数的KL指数θ=0,那么由Bregman ADMM生成的序列经过有限次迭代后收敛;如果θ∈(0,1/2),那么Bregman ADMM是线性收敛的;如果θ∈(1/2,1),那么Bregman ADMM是次线性收敛的.

C-PBL联合本科生导师制教学模式在医学免疫学教学中的应用

目的探讨问题设置与合作学习(collaborative problem-based learning,C-PBL)联合本科生导师制教学模式在五年制临床医学专业医学免疫学课程中的应用效果。方法选取2022年9月—2023年6月佳木斯大学2022级60名五年制临床医学专业学生为研究对象。将2022级临床2班30名学生设为试验组,2022级临床5班30名学生设为对照组。试验组采用C-PBL联合本科生导师制教学模式,对照组采用传统的教学模式教学。通过比较2组学生免疫学期末考试成绩、学习成果汇报、教学方法满意度问卷调查结果评价授课效果。结果与对照组相比,试验组学生的医学免疫学期末理论考试成绩优良率较高[83.33%(25/30)vs.53.33%(16/30)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组学生的学习成果汇报总分也高于对照组[(75.80±4.42)分vs.(71.23±3.50)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。调查问卷的结果显示,试验组学生的总体教学满意度高于对照组[(19.53±1.98)分vs.(16.70±2.15)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论C-PBL联合本科生导师制教学模式可以提高临床医学专业学生对医学免疫学相关知识的理解,提高学生的自主学习能力,促进学生全方面发展。

特深科学钻探装备技术现状与发展建议

特深科学钻探是直接获取地球深部信息的唯一技术手段,对于深入理解地球内部结构、探索地下资源具有重要意义,已上升为国家战略科技问题。为响应党中央“向地球深部进军”的号召,需大力推进对特深科学钻探装备技术的研发。本文简要回顾了国内外特深科学钻探装备技术发展历程,结合我国发展需求,梳理总结了特深科学钻探中顶驱、绞车、钻井泵等关键装备面临的技术难题,并在此基础上提出了发展方向及展望,为我国特深科学钻探工程发展提供参考。

基于竞争情报分析法的云南省咖啡产业发展研究

云南省将咖啡作为绿色农业优势产业,打造世界一流“绿色食品牌”区域公用品牌,并带动相关区域发展。基于云南省咖啡产业面临的品牌认知度低、产业链短浅、精深加工不足等问题,运用竞争情报分析法中的文献计量学、专利分析、PEST分析、定标比超分析等方法,研究咖啡技术创新发展方向及咖啡产业的政治、经济、文化、技术的内外部环境和竞争优劣势,预测符合云南省咖啡产业的发展方向,并综合各种分析结果总结了云南省咖啡产业发展存在的问题,从技术创新、环境政策、品牌建设等方面提出了云南省咖啡产业发展建议。