Influence of rolling directions on microstructure,mechanical properties and anisotropy of Mg-5Li-1Al-0.5Y alloy

Mg-5Li-1Al-0.5Y alloy was rolled with different directions.The microstructure,mechanical properties and texture of the specimens were investigated with optical microscope,tensile tester and X-ray diffraction.The results show that changing rolling directions can refine the grain size of as-rolled alloys.Meanwhile,rolling directions have an obvious influence on the mechanical properties and texture of Mg-5Li-1Al-0.5Y alloy,thus affecting the anisotropy of the alloy.The sheet,of which the RD(rolling direction)and ND(normal direction)are both changed between two passes,possesses the smallest anisotropy.From the texture results,changing rolling directions reduces the maximum pole density,making the highest point distribution region excursion and the highest point distributes more scatteredly.

Three-dimensional Construction and Omni-directional Rolling Analysis of a Novel Frame-like Lattice Modular Robot

Lattice modular robots possess diversity actuation methods, such as electric telescopic rod, gear rack, magnet, robot arm, etc. The researches on lattice modular robots mainly focus on their hardware descriptions and reconfiguration algorithms. Meanwhile, their design architectures and actuation methods perform slow telescopic and moving speeds, relative low actuation force verse weight ratio, and without internal space to carry objects. To improve the mechanical performance and reveal the locomotion and reconfiguration binary essences of the lattice modular robots, a novel cube-shaped, frame-like, pneumatic-based reconfigurable robot module called pneumatic expandable cube（PE-Cube） is proposed. The three-dimensional（3D） expanding construction and omni-directional rolling analysis of the constructed robots are the main focuses. The PE-Cube with three degrees of freedom（Do Fs） is assembled by replacing the twelve edges of a cube with pneumatic cylinders. The proposed symmetric construction condition makes the constructed robots possess the same properties in each supporting state, and a binary control strategy cooperated with binary actuator（pneumatic cylinder） is directly adopted to control the PE-Cube. Taking an eight PE-Cube modules＇ construction as example, its dynamic rolling simulation, static rolling condition, and turning gait are illustrated and discussed. To testify telescopic synchronization, respond speed, locomotion feasibility, and repeatability and reliability of hardware system, an experimental pneumatic-based robotic system is built and the rolling and turning experiments of the eight PE-Cube modules＇ construction are carried out. As an extension, the locomotion feasibility of a thirty-two PE-Cube modules＇ construction is analyzed and proved, including dynamic rolling simulation, static rolling condition, and dynamic analysis in free tipping process. The proposed PE-Cube module, construction method, and locomotion analysis enrich the family of the lattice modular robot and provide the instruction to design the lattice modular robot.

Effect of direction error on the miss distance of rolling missiles with x-rudder

Based on the analysis of periodic equivalent control force of rolling missiles with x-rudder, the guidance loop model with direction error is established and the relationship between direction error and miss distance is analyzed. Results show that the miss distance is zero or a constant or infinite, and it is always zero when the real parts of system matrix eigenvalues decided by direction error are both positive values in an ideal system, in which all the lags are neglected. However, the miss distance gradually increases with the increase of the direction error and its variation is small when direction error is not more than 5° in the system, in which seeker lag and missile body lag are considered.

DANIELI concepts and experiences in thin slab casting and rolling technology for HRC production—the evolution of a winning process route to face increasing market requirements

The direct rolling process for hot strip production,where the thin slab caster is connected directly to the mill,has gained market share rapidly because of its remarkable advantages in terms of energy savings and investment cost over the conventional hot strip mills. However,the unquestionable advantages of the first-generation applications of this plant concept also entail significant limitations both in productivity and steel grades that can be produced. Since his first pioneering applications,Danieli considered strategic the development of new technical solutions specifically conceived to overcome these limitations with the goal of increasing plant production volumes and enlarging steel grade product mix,in order to cover the gap between "Conventional mill" and "Thin slab casting and rolling" process routes. In order to reach this goal,Danieli has developed a complete portfolio of plant lay outs adopting Thin Slab Casting and Rolling technologies,each of them conceived to guarantee the optimal CAPEX and OPEX parameters in fitting with market requirements our Customer intend to target.in terms of productivity,steel grades and coil dimension product mix. Danieli TSR(Thin Slab Rolling) fTSR(flexible Thins Slab Rolling) QSP(Quality Strip Production) and ETR(Extra Thin Rolling) plant configurations are analyzed in this paper. With this diversified approach,Danieli solutions are most appropriate answers to thin slab casting and rolling to produce hot rolled coils with superior quality and an extremely diversified range of steel grades. Already,this approach has allowed Danieli plants to:①exceed the threshold production of 3.0 Mt/a with 2 casting strands in operation as done in Tangshan Iron and Steel plant in P.R.China since 2005;②expand the product mix to include virtually all the steel grades used for flat product applications,including the most demanding ones,such as peritectic(in Essar Algoma Canada and Benxi Iron and Steel,China),micro-alloyed,and silicon steels,for the most sophisticated applications,such as automotive and pipe manufacturing,including Arctic applications,(as done in OMK plant in Russia);③extend the range of final strip thicknesses to include ultra thin gauges,down to 0.8 mm(as in Ezz Flat Steel,in Egypt).

Technological investigation on the Short Stroke Width Control Rolling in the Rougher Mills of Hot Strip Continuous Rolling Mill Train

According to technological requirement of hot charge rolling and hot direct rolling,in this paper,we investigated the technology of the width control rolling in the rougher mills of hot strip continuous rolling mill train.On the basis of improving width range of continuous casting of slab,we obtained a good result of greatly increasing the yield of slab→coil is achieved.

Discrete element modelling of railway ballast performance considering particle shape and rolling resistance

To simulate ballast performance accurately and efficiently,the input in discrete element models should be carefully selected,including the contact model and applied particle shape.To study the effects of the contact model and applied particle shape on the ballast performance(shear strength and deformation),the direct shear test(DST)model and the large-scale process simulation test(LPST)model were developed on the basis of two types of contact models,namely the rolling resistance linear(RRL)model and the linear contact(LC)model.Particle shapes are differentiated by clumps.A clump is a sphere assembly for one ballast particle.The results show that compared with the typical LC model,the RRL method is more efficient and realistic to predict shear strength results of ballast assemblies in DSTs.In addition,the RRL contact model can also provide accurate vertical and lateral ballast deformation under the cyclic loading in LPSTs.

轧制方向对新型125KSI高钢级油套管性能的影响

利用室温拉伸试验、冲击试验、断裂韧性试验检验了超深井用新型125KSI高钢级油套管中沿扎向和垂直于扎向的强度、塑性、冲击韧性和断裂韧性。通过OM、SEM和EDS技术,对显微组织、晶粒长宽比和夹杂物分布进行了分析,讨论了显微组织对油套管各种性能的影响。结果表明,油套管材的微观组织由板条状回火马氏体和均匀弥散分布的细小Al_(2)O_(3)-MnS类混合夹杂物组成,晶粒为8.5级。轧制后,沿管道轧制方向的晶粒长宽比增加,导致强度增加,塑性降低且平行于管道轧向的冲击韧性下降;沿管道轧制方向的夹杂物分布更加集中,导致临界距离变小,裂纹扩展方向垂直于轧制方向的断裂韧性降低。

方坯直轧工艺下连铸坯温度场均匀性及切坯工艺优化

对方坯直轧工艺下连铸坯温度场和初生晶粒演化进行数值模拟,并根据计算结果对连铸坯切坯顺序进行优化。结果表明:随着连铸拉速的提高,连铸方坯表面温度和心表温差逐渐增大,心部等轴晶区也逐渐扩大;拉速对连铸坯初生晶粒取向的影响较小;连铸坯定尺对铸坯头尾温差的影响较大,在拉速不变的情况下,连铸坯定尺每增加1 m,头尾温差增大约10.5℃。方坯直轧工艺生产采用非定尺切坯策略,可以有效减小连铸拉速波动对出坯生产节奏的影响。

基于MRSDAE-KPCA结合Bi-LST的滚动轴承剩余使用寿命预测

针对现有滚动轴承剩余使用寿命预测方法在提取数据特征时没有充分考虑数据的内部分布,且在构建健康因子时还需要专家经验进行人工提取等问题,提出一种基于流形正则化堆栈去噪自编码器、核主成分分析并结合双向长短时记忆网络的滚动轴承剩余使用寿命预测方法。首先采用无监督的堆栈去噪自编码器网络对原始振动数据进行深层特征提取,并使用核主成分分析法进一步降维,以提高健康因子的指标稳定性;然后在堆栈去噪自编码器中加入流形正则化,最大程度保留编码器隐藏层内部的数据分布结构,提高模型提取数据特征的有效性。最后使用双向长短时记忆网络预测轴承的剩余使用寿命,并采用AdaMax优化算法对网络模型的超参数进行自适应寻优。分析结果表明,提出的滚动轴承剩余使用寿命预测方法具有更高的精度。

基于1DCNN-BiLSTM的端到端滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承早期故障诊断时时频域特征选取主观性强、时序特征信息利用不足等问题,提出一种基于卷积神经网络和双向长短时记忆神经网络的滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法。采用卷积神经网络提取原始振动信号特征,并在卷积层后引入批正则化层,以消除数据的不规则性对权重优化的影响,并通过扩展首层卷积层和调整步长以提高特征提取效率。引入双向长短时记忆神经网络提升卷积神经网络对时序特征的提取能力,通过批正则化层和Dropout层增强模型的鲁棒性和减少神经元与神经元之间的依赖关系。最后,通过滚动轴承试验数据对文中方法进行验证。结果表明:与传统方法相比,文中方法不仅训练速度更快,而且故障诊断准确率也大幅提高。

冷弯薄壁折叠翼缘C形不锈钢构件受弯性能分析

为了在同成本下获得更高效的截面形式,利用ABAQUS对前期六组V形加劲C形截面奥氏体304不锈钢受弯构件建立有限元简化数值分析模型,将得到的结果与试验结果进行了对比验证。对应上述六组受弯构件设计了四组与其用钢量相同,但尺寸分布不同的折叠翼缘不锈钢受弯构件,共24组;探讨了折叠翼缘截面不锈钢受弯构件在四点受弯作用下的构件承载性能,并将其与C形截面不锈钢受弯构件的承载性能进行了对比。利用现有的设计计算方法计算了24组折叠翼缘截面受弯构件的极限承载力,并将其与有限元得到的结果进行了比较。对比发现:相同用钢量的情况下,当折叠翼缘截面腹板高度与斜翼缘在腹板平面内的投影长度值之和较C形截面腹板高度提升12%以上时,折叠翼缘截面不锈钢梁的极限承载性能比C形截面更优异,截面形式更加高效。现有的计算方法计算腹板V形加劲的折叠翼缘受弯构件得到的结果比较理想,误差较小;而对于平翼缘V形加劲且宽度较小的构件,计算得到的结果偏大,不能准确地预测构件的极限承载能力。

The influence of reflections from the train body and the ground on the sound radiation from a railway rail

Purpose – The vibration of the rails is a significant source of railway rolling noise, often forming the dominantcomponent of noise in the important frequency region between 400 and 2000 Hz. The purpose of the paper is toinvestigate the influence of the ground profile and the presence of the train body on the sound radiation fromthe rail.Design/methodology/approach – Two-dimensional boundary element calculations are used, in which therail vibration is the source. The ground profile and various different shapes of train body are introduced in themodel, and results are observed in terms of sound power and sound pressure. Comparisons are also made withvibro-acoustic measurements performed with and without a train present.Findings – The sound radiated by the rail in the absence of the train body is strongly attenuated by shieldingdue to the ballast shoulder. When the train body is present, the sound from the vertical rail motion is reflectedback down toward the track where it is partly absorbed by the ballast. Nevertheless, the sound pressure at thetrackside is increased by typically 0–5 dB. For the lateral vibration of the rail, the effects are much smaller. Oncethe sound power is known, the sound pressure with the train present can be approximated reasonably well withsimple line source directivities.Originality/value – Numerical models used to predict the sound radiation from railway rails have generallyneglected the influence of the ground profile and reflections from the underside of the train body on the soundpower and directivity of the rail. These effects are studied in a systematic way including comparisons with measurements.

基于改进VMD与BiLSTM的滚动轴承剩余寿命预测模型

为提取能表示滚动轴承寿命退化的深层特征,用变分模态分解算法(Variational Model Decomposition,VMD)分解轴承的横向振动信号。为了解决VMD中需要手动选取惩罚因子α及模态分量数目K的问题,用粒子群优化算法(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)对VMD进行了优化,以提取出更能代表寿命变化的特征。在此基础上,将筛选的特征输入到双向长短时记忆(Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory,BiLSTM)网络中进行剩余使用寿命预测。通过实验并与其他深度模型进行对比,该文提出模型的均方误差等指标均比其他几种模型更低,证明了该文模型在轴承剩余使用寿命预测上的有效性。

超声滚压对铝合金表面完整性的影响

在对铝合金6061进行平面超声滚压加工的基础上,设计了基于进给方向和主轴旋转方向、静压力、滚压次数的试验,分别从硬度、表面粗糙度、表面形貌和残余应力4个方面开展了不同的加工工艺和加工参数对铝合金6061表面性能的影响研究。结果表明:进给方向和主轴旋转方向对硬度的影响随着方向的改变呈现增加的趋势,材料表面硬度随着静压力的增加而增加,随着滚压次数的增加先增大后减小;与相同方向和上下方向进给滚压相比,从4个方向进给滚压可以获得较小的表面粗糙度值(0.554μm),不同主轴旋转方向粗糙度低于相同旋转方向,表面粗糙度随静压力和滚压次数的增加均呈现先减小后增大的趋势;与未滚压相比,超声滚压后工件的表面形貌轮廓曲线及表面三维形貌得到明显改善;超声滚压处理使工件表面的残余拉应力转变为残余压应力,并且进给方向不同时工件残余应力(-441.5 MPa)大于相同方向进给时的残余应力(-362.6 MPa);主轴旋转方向不同时工件残余应力(-435.6 MPa)大于相同方向的残余应力(-362.6 MPa);残余应力随着静压力和滚压次数的增加而增加,过量的滚压次数使材料表面产生疲劳失效,导致残余应力降低。

基于SAE和BiGRU的滚动轴承剩余寿命预测

为提高对滚动轴承剩余使用寿命的预测准确性,提出了一种基于稀疏自编码器(SAE)和双向门控循环单元(BiGRU)的剩余寿命预测方法。首先利用四个评价指标对从滚动轴承振动信号中提取出来的时域、频域以及时频域特征进行筛选,构建敏感退化特征集。然后为解决各个特征之间存在的信息冗余问题,利用SAE网络对敏感退化特征进行融合降维。最后将融合敏感退化特征输入BiGRU模型中完成对滚动轴承剩余寿命的预测。采用公开的滚动轴承全寿命数据集进行验证,结果表明,与长短期记忆网络(LSTM)以及门控循环单元(GRU)相比,该方法具有更高的剩余寿命预测准确性。

免加热直接轧制技术送钢控制模型对直轧率的影响

针对棒线材的免加热直接轧制技术将铸坯从连铸机直接运输到轧机进行轧制,可完全取消传统加热炉,实现节能减排的目标。与传统棒线材轧制工艺相比,直轧率偏低是影响免加热直接轧制技术推广的因素之一。提出了一种新送钢控制模型,依据现场实际生产工艺参数,研究对比了先进先出模型(first in first out, FIFO)和所提控制模型的运行效果。结果显示,在四机四流连接一条轧线下,采用FIFO控制模型的直轧率为88.7%,与实测直轧率吻合较好,而采用所提控制模型可将直轧率提高到94.3%。同时还模拟研究了两种模型在五机五流连接一条轧线下的直轧率,结果显示使用FIFO控制模型、所提控制模型的直轧率分别为74.3%和81.7%。通过结果对比发现,送钢控制因素直接影响直轧率。另外,连铸机流数与轧机能力的匹配程度也是影响直轧率的重要因素之一。

直接轧制中连铸坯输送节奏衔接的优化

通过运筹学中的排队理论,建立了方坯直轧系统中连铸坯排队模型,并对唐钢公司长材事业部方坯-棒材直轧系统分析优化,为企业生产管理提供理论依据。结果显示,当连铸机拉速为3.8 m/min,连铸坯定尺为11.9 m时,4流生产只能满足Φ12 mm热轧带肋钢筋的轧制节奏,5流生产可以满足所有规格轧制节奏;拉速一定时,铸坯的最大等待时间随定尺的增大而增大,但生产中一般采用调整拉速来改变连铸坯平均等待时间,而非通过调整连铸坯定尺来实现;连铸坯输送过程,空冷到最低开轧温度所经历的时间应小于连铸坯的最大等待时间,此时直轧产线铸坯的直轧率最高;根据铸-轧通钢量相等的原则计算,方坯直轧应该采用少流数、高拉速,短定尺来组织生产,使铸-轧产能匹配同时减少直轧铸坯的头尾温差,降低生产事故风险;方坯直轧系统的主要问题是连铸坯剪切顺序、钢-轧节奏匹配问题、连铸坯的最大等待时间等3项核心问题。

基于Wi-Fi Direct的安卓签到系统的应用

目前部分高校使用指纹点名系统、人脸识别系统这类成本较高的考勤系统,设备多且操作烦琐。该套软件的主要功能是将学生端先通过Wi-Fi Direct与教师端连接起来,然后将学生信息发送给教师端完成签到。学生端与教师端通信通过Socket套接字进行,定位方式使用百度定位SDK(软件开发工具包)服务,将SQLite数据库中的学生表的操作封装成一个模块传给教师端使用。同时增加多重校验功能,填写每位同学的位置信息、填写每部手机的MAC地址,使每部手机只允许一名同学参与点名。该套软件实现了课堂点名的主要功能,并能提高课堂点名的效率与可靠性。

电动汽车与直流配电网协同的分布式自适应滚动预测调度

为充分挖掘电动汽车(EV)的灵活调度潜力,提出了EV与直流配电网协同的分布式自适应滚动预测调度方法。首先,建立了电压源型换流器、储能及直流配电网潮流的数学模型;然后,构建了不可调度、只充电和可充放电3类EV充电偏好的数学模型,并以日电能损耗和弃光电量的加权和最小为目标建立了直流配电网自适应滚动预测调度模型,通过实时EV集群的取车时间动态更新调度窗口,以满足每辆EV的期望电量需求;最后,建立了直流配电网分布式滚动预测调度模型,并采用交替方向乘子法实现分布式求解,以解决集中式调度通信量大的问题。仿真结果表明,通过对EV与直流配电网灵活性资源的协同调度可显著降低电能损耗、提升分布式电源接纳能力,同时,所采用的分布式算法具有良好的收敛性能和计算速度。