Timely reperfusion for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction:Effect of direct transfer to primary angioplasty on time delays and clinical outcomes

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI) is the preferred reperfusion therapy for patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) when it can be performed expeditiously and by experienced operators. In spite of excellent clinical results this technique is associated with longer delays than thrombolysis and this fact may nullify the benefit of selecting this therapeutic option. Several strategies have been proposed to decrease the temporal delays to deliver PPCI. Among them,prehospital diagnosis and direct transfer to the cath lab,by-passing the emergency department of hospitals,has emerged as anattractive way of diminishing delays. The purpose of this review is to address the effect of direct transfer on time delays and clinical events of patients with STEMI treated by PPCI.

Radiation heat transfer model for complex superalloy turbine blade in directional solidification process based on finite element method

For the sake of a more accurate shell boundary and calculation of radiation heat transfer in the Directional Solidification(DS) process, a radiation heat transfer model based on the Finite Element Method(FEM)is developed in this study. Key technologies, such as distinguishing boundaries automatically, local matrix and lumped heat capacity matrix, are also stated. In order to analyze the effect of withdrawing rate on DS process,the solidification processes of a complex superalloy turbine blade in the High Rate Solidification(HRS) process with different withdrawing rates are simulated; and by comparing the simulation results, it is found that the most suitable withdrawing rate is determined to be 5.0 mm·min^(-1). Finally, the accuracy and reliability of the radiation heat transfer model are verified, because of the accordance of simulation results with practical process.

Direct Electron Transfer Reactions of Glucose Oxidase and D-Amino Acid Oxidase at a Glassy Carbon Electrode in Organic Media

Cyclic voltammetry is employed to demonstrate feasibility of direct electron transfer of glucose oxidase and D amino acid oxidase at a glassy carbon electrode in organic media. The reversible slight conformational change of glucose oxidase is observed by changing 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer to acetonitrile containing 10% v/v of water and 0.05 mol/L tetrabutyalammonium perchlorate, and vice versa.

Overview of Earth-Moon Transfer Trajectory Modeling and Design

TheMoon is the only celestial body that human beings have visited.The design of the Earth-Moon transfer orbits is a critical issue in lunar exploration missions.In the 21st century,new lunar missions including the construction of the lunar space station,the permanent lunar base,and the Earth-Moon transportation network have been proposed,requiring low-cost,expansive launch windows and a fixed arrival epoch for any launch date within the launch window.The low-energy and low-thrust transfers are promising strategies to satisfy the demands.This review provides a detailed landscape of Earth-Moon transfer trajectory design processes,from the traditional patched conic to the state-of-the-art low-energy and low-thrust methods.Essential mechanisms of the various utilized dynamic models and the characteristics of the different design methods are discussed in hopes of helping readers grasp thebasic overviewof the current Earth-Moon transfer orbitdesignmethods anda deep academic background is unnecessary for the context understanding.

中央财政资金直达机制:财政职能优化与治理效能提升

2020年,财政部创新性地建立了中央财政资金直达机制,将部分转移支付资金直达基层财政,此后,直达机制常态化实施并不断扩容。这是建立现代财税制度的重大改革,更是落实党的二十大“应完善转移支付体系,落实好积极的财政政策更加积极有为”的具体体现。本文研究认为,中央财政资金直达机制适配于中国式现代化建设要求,破解了传统转移支付制度中多层委托代理模式存在的弊端,优化了财政的配置职能、分配职能和稳定职能,在不改变政府管理层级体系的前提下,保证了中央财政资金下达时滞最短,支出效率最高,全过程得到监管,使财政政策正效应最大化,体现了稳中求进工作总基调,将有利于促进省以下财政体制改革。

Directional Breeding of An Oval-ecotype Male Sterile Line of Chinese Cabbage(Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis)

[Objective] The study aimed to explore the method for directional breeding of a male-sterile line in oval-ecotype Chinese cabbage. [Method] Based on ＂Multiple Allele Hypothesis of Genic Male Sterile Chinese Cabbage＂, an inbred line ＇06048＇ of oval ecotype was used as the receptor, and male fertile plant of ＇AB12＇ was used as the donor line. Crossing, backcross, selfing, testcross and sibling were ap- plied to transfer the multiple alleles under the directional genetic model. [Result] Segregation ratio of every generation was consistent with theoretical value. A new male sterile line with 100% male sterility and ＇06048＇ horticultural traits was ob- tained successfully, which accomplished the transfer of male sterile multiple allele and horticultural characters of receptor line at the same time. [Conclusion] The re- search verifies that the model of directional transfer is feasible, provides a theoreti- cal basis for the directional transfer of Chinese cabbage with other horticultural traits whose genotype is msms. The model can also be applied to other Brassica crops, to generate genetic male sterile lines with specific botanical traits and high-quality economic traits.

Need for operational simplicity and timely disbursal of benefits—a qualitative exploration of the implementation of a direct benefit transfer scheme for persons with tuberculosis in India

Background Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana(NPY)is a direct benefit transfer scheme of the Government of India introduced in 2018 to support the additional nutritional requirements of persons with TB(PwTB).Our recent nationwide evaluation of implementation and utilization of NPY using programmatic data of PwTB from nine randomly selected Indian states,reported a 70%coverage and high median delay in benefit credit.We undertook a qualitative study between January and July 2023,to understand the detailed implementation process of NPY and explore the enablers and barriers to effective implementation and utilization of the NPY scheme.Methods We followed a grounded theory approach to inductively develop theoretical explanations for social phenomena through data generated from multiple sources.We conducted 36 in-depth interviews of national,district and field-level staff of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme(NTEP)and NPY beneficiaries from 30 districts across nine states of India,selected using theoretical sampling.An analytical framework developed through inductive coding of a set of six interviews,guided the coding of the subsequent interviews.Categories and themes emerged through constant comparison and the data collection continued until theoretical saturation.Results Stakeholders perceived NPY as a beneficial initiative.Strong political commitment from the state administration,mainstreaming of NTEP work with the district public healthcare delivery system,availability of good geographic and internet connectivity and state-specific grievance redressal mechanisms and innovations were identified as enablers of implementation.However,the complex,multi-level benefit approval process,difficulties in accessing banking services,perceived inadequacy of benefits and overworked human resources in the NTEP were identified as barriers to implementation and utilization.Conclusion The optimal utilization of NPY is enabled by strong political commitment and challenged by its lengthy implementation process and delayed disbursal of benefits.We recommend greater operational simplicity in NPY implementation,integrating NTEP activities with the public health system to reduce the burden on the program staff,and revising the benefit amount more equitably.

Influences of labor migration on rural household land transfer:A case study of Sichuan Province,China

The influence of labor migration on rural household land transfer has been hotly debated in academic circles, which focuses on whether part-time employment leads to land transfer. Using survey data on rural households in the Sichuan Province, and applying the theoretical framework of new economics of labor migration, this study explores the influences of labor migration on the direction and scale of land transfer from the perspective of rural household structure. The results indicate that: 1) the quantity of laborers has significant influence on the direction and scale of land transfer. The larger the on-farm labor variable(Labor), the lesser the possibility that land will be rented-out and the amount of land rented out will also be smaller. In addition, there is a greater probability that land will be rented-in and the amount of land rented-in will be greater. 2) The greater the ratio of off-farm laborers to rural household laborers(Off-farm) the greater the possibility that land will be rented-out. In addition the higher the ratio of on-farm laborers to the total household laborers(On-farm), the larger the possibility that land will be rented-in. Meanwhile, if the household has individuals at the age of 64 or older(Old) who are engaged in agriculture, there is a smaller possibility that land will be rentedout. 3) the ratio of part-time laborers to rural household laborers(Pluriactivity) have significant inverse U-shaped influences on the rent-in of land as well as the amount of land rented-in. The inflection points are 33.27% and 14.10%, respectively. Such findings confirm the significance of this study in better understanding the influence of labor migration on rural household land transfer.

Combined pretreatment using CaO and liquid fraction of digestate of rice straw: Anaerobic digestion performance and electron transfer

To improve anaerobic digestion(AD)efficiency of rice straw,solid alkaline CaO and the liquid fraction of digestate(LFD)were used as pretreatment agents of rice straw.The results showed that AD performance of rice straw with CaOLFD pretreatment was optimal in different pretreatment methods of the CaO+LFD,CaOLFD,LFD+CaO,CaO,and LFD.The maximum methane yield(314 ml(g VS)^(-1))and the highest VFAs concentration(14851 mg·L^(-1) on day 3)of the CaOLFD pretreatment group were 81%and 118%higher than that of the control group,respectively.Under the action of solid alkaline CaO,the bacteria of Clostridium,Atopostipes,Sphaerochaeta,Tissierella,Thiopseudomonas,Rikenellaceae,and Sedimentibacter could build up co-cultures with the archaeal of Methanosaeta,Methanobacterium,and Methanosarcina performing direct interspecies electron transfer(DIET)and improving AD performance of rice straw.Therefore,the combined pretreatment using CaO and LFD could not only pretreat rice straw but also stimulate co-cultures of microorganism to establish DIET enhancing AD efficiency.

Electrically conductive nanowires controlled one pivotal route in energy harvest and microbial corrosion via direct metal-microbe electron transfer

Extracellular electron transfer(EET)plays a critical role in bioelectrochemical processes,allowing cou-pling between microorganisms and extracellular solid-state electrodes,metals,or other cells in energy metabolism.Previous studies have suggested a role for outer-surface c-type cytochromes in direct metal-to-microbe electron transfer by Geobacter sulfurreducens,a model electroactive bacterium.Here,we ex-amined the possibility of other microbially produced electrical contacts by deleting the gene for PilA,the protein monomer that G.sulfurreducens assembles into electrically conductive protein nanowires(e-pili).Deleting pilA gene inhibited electron extraction from pure iron and 316L stainless steel up to 31%and 81%,respectively more than deleting the gene for the outer-surface cytochrome OmcS.This PilA-deficient phenotype,and the observation that relatively thick biofilms(21.7μm)grew on the metal surfaces at multi-cell distances from the metal surfaces suggest that e-pili contributed significantly to microbial cor-rosion via direct metal-to-microbe electron transfer.These results have implications for the fundamental understanding of electron harvest via e-pili by electroactive microbes,their uses in bioenergy production,as well as in monitoring and mitigation of metal biocorrosion.

Charge transfer interfaces across black phosphorus/Co,N Co-doped carbon heterojunction for enhanced electrocatalytic water splitting

The practicality of electrochemical water-splitting technology relies on the development of novel and efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts capable of facilitating both the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Black phosphorus(BP)holds tremendous promise for HER and OER electrocatalysis owing to its fully exposed atoms and high carrier mobility.However,the elec-trocatalytic performance of BP is still much lower than the expected theoretical limit,presenting an exciting challenge for further advancements.Herein,we embed electrochemically exfoliated few-layer BP nanosheets in higher Fermi level(EF)of cobalt,nitrogen co-doped carbons to form a new heterojunction(CoNC-BP),as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts toward HER and OER for the advancement overall water splitting applications.A directed interfacial electron transfer is realized from CoNC to BP,facilitated by the lowering Fermi level(EF).This interfacial electron transfer plays a crucial role in optimizing the adsorption and desorption of active intermediates,while also introducing an abundance of hypervalent Co sites.These factors collectively contribute to the remarkable electrocatalytic activities of HER and OER performance,leading to the efficient performance of the developed CoNC-BP heterojunction in water-splitting applications.This work demonstrates a promising breakthrough that can inspire the design of high-efficiency catalysts.

A direct electrochemical biosensor for rapid glucose detection based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages

Given the increasing number of diabetic patients,rapid and accurate detection of glucose in body fluids is critical.This study developed a direct electrochemical biosensor for glucose based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages(NCNCs).NCNCs possess a large specific surface area of 1395 m^(2)·g^(-1),a high N atomic content of 9.37%and good biocompatibility,which is favorable for enzyme loading and electron transfer.The surface average concentration of electroactive glucose oxidase on NCNCs was 2.82×10^(-10)mol·cm^(-2).The NCNC-based direct electrochemical biosensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 13.7μA·(mmol·L^(-1))^(-1)·cm^(-2),rapid response time of 5 s and an impressive electron-transferrate constant(ks)of 1.87 s^(-1).Furthermore,we investigated an NCNC-based direct electron transfer(DET)biosensor for sweat glucose detection,which demonstrated tremendous promise for non-invasive wearable diabetes diagnosis.

空气源热泵直凝式地板供暖系统过热段传热特性研究

空气源热泵直凝式地板辐射供暖系统,直接将制冷剂导入房间地板的毛细管中进行冷凝放热,减少了中间的能量传递环节,系统简单,且具有较好的节能性。但由于刚供入地板的制冷剂处于过热状态,地板表面会出现局部温度过高的现象,在实际应用中也发现了这个问题。结合理论计算、数值模拟和现场实测的方法,对地板过热段的传热特性进行了研究。结果发现,过热段长度约占毛细管总长度的5%,散热量占总散热量的20%左右。针对过热段影响区域温度过高的问题,提出了增加地板热阻、增加相变材料进行蓄热和降低压缩机排气温度3项改善措施,可有效降低该区域地板表面温度,改善热舒适性以及延长地板的使用寿命。

Utilizing dual-pathway energy transfer in upconversion nanoconjugates for reinforced photodynamic therapy

Enhancing the therapeutic effect of existing treatments or developing new non-invasive treatments are important measures to achieve high-efficiency treatment of malignant tumors.Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is an emerging treatment modality,and the key for achieving high-efficiency PDT is to select light with strong tissue penetration depth and enhance the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).Although the upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)modified with the photosensitizers could achieve PDT with strong penetration depth under near-infrared light irradiation,the ROS generated by traditional single-pathway PDT is still insufficient.Herein,we developed a novel nanoconjugate(UCNP-Ce6/AIEgen)for dual-pathway reinforced PDT,in which the UCNPs were co-modified with chlorin e6(Ce6)and luminogen with aggregation-induced emission(AIEgen).Due to the presence of AIEgen,UCNP-Ce6/AIEgen could avoid aggregation-caused luminescence quenching in biological water environments and convert upconversion luminescence(UCL)of UCNPs to Ce6-activatable fluorescence.Therefore,under the irradiation of 808 nm laser,UCNP-Ce6/AIEgen can not only undergo direct lanthanide-triplet energy transfer to activate Ce6,but also convert the UCL of UCNPs to the light that can activate Ce6 through Fӧrster resonance energy transfer to generate more ROS,thus promoting tumor cell apoptosis.This work broadens the applications of nanoconjugates of lanthanide-based inorganic materials and organic dyes,and provides a conception for reinforced PDT of tumors.

Combining metal-microbe and microbe-microbe dual direct electron transfer on Fe(0)-cathode of bio-electrochemical system to enhance anaerobic digestion of cellulose wastewater

Considering that cathode of microbial electrochemical system(MES)is a good electrons source for methane production via direct/indirect electron transfer to electroactive microorganisms,and that Fe(0)is also a confirmed electron donor for some electroactive microorganisms through metal-microbe direct electron transfer(DET),Fe(0)-cathode was equipped into an MES digester to enhance cathodic methane production.The results of this study indicated that the potential DET participator,Clostridium possibly obtained electrons directly from Fe(0)-cathode via metal-microbe electrons transfer,then transferred electrons directly to the definite DET participators,Methanosarcina/Methanothrix via microbemicrobe electrons transfer for CH_(4)production.In addition,Methanobacterium is another specially enriched methanogen on Fe(0)-cathode,which might obtain electrons directly from Fe(0)-cathode to produce CH_(4) via metal/electrode-microbe DET.The increment of conductivity of cathodic sludge in Fe(0)-cathode MES digester(R1)further confirmed the enrichment of electroactive microorganisms participating in DET process.As a consequence,a higher CH_(4) production(1205–1508 m L/d)and chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal(79.0%-93.8%)were achieved in R1 compared with graphite-cathode MES digester(R2,720–1090 m L/d and 63.6%-85.6%)and the conventional anaerobic digester(R3,384–428 m L/d and 35.2%-41.0%).In addition,energy efficiency calculated indicated that the output energy of CH_(4) production was 8.16 folds of electricity input in Fe(0)-cathode MES digester.

财政资金直达机制线上运行存在的问题及对策

为提高财政资金使用效率,将更紧要的财政资金用在刀刃上,2022年在财政部的推动下,将财政资金直达机制纳入财政一体化系统进行线上管理。这项举措能更好地贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署,确保财政资金能直达市县基层财政部门,能直接惠企利民,能更好地推进“六稳”工作、落实“六保”任务。但在财政一体化系统中存在直达资金支付效率低、资金信息存在壁垒、资金管理不到位、财务人员业务熟练度低等问题,针对这些问题,从提高认识、完善系统流程、整合资金信息、建立健全管理制度、提升业务能力等方面入手探讨相应的优化方法。

直连式“一罐到底”铁水运输工艺及实践

结合某城市钢厂环保搬迁项目,以物质流短捷、高效,能量流节能、环保为宗旨,在过跨车式“一罐到底”铁水运输工艺的基础上,提出了直连式“一罐到底”铁水运输工艺。通过减少转运跨数量、合理排布高炉出铁口、简化铁钢界面连接等措施,将高炉与转炉中心距缩短至210m,铁水运输连续化程度提高至62.70%,过程温降减少约60℃,极大地节约了钢铁企业吨钢占地和一次投资,加快了铁水罐周转速度,同时为提高转炉废钢比创造了有利条件。

直接空冷机组喷淋冷却系统的数值模拟和性能分析

以国产某300 MW直接空冷机组为例,建立了空冷单元喷淋冷却系统的数值分析模型,设计了3种不同型式的喷淋冷却系统,并采用Fluent软件对喷淋冷却系统的性能进行了数值模拟,得到了空冷单元内部及出口的温度场.结果表明：喷淋后空冷单元的出口空气平均温度比喷淋前降低了2~5 K,其中加装喷淋系统C后的空冷单元出口空气平均温度降低了5 K,排汽压力降低了6.7 kPa;喷淋系统的喷雾越均匀,雾滴覆盖范围越大,喷淋冷却系统的性能越好,排汽压力的降幅越大,经济性越好;对于国产某300 MW机组,当除盐水量充足时,采用喷淋系统C是最佳方案,如除盐水量有限,则应选择喷淋系统B.

高等植物遗传转化的研究进展

本文对高等植物遗传转化技术的最新进展进行了综述。例举了应用农杆菌法、ＰＥＧ法、电击法、基因枪法、电注射法、显微注射法、花蘖注射法、花粉过转化法、花粉管通道法、超声波法、显微激光法、电泳法等进行遗传转化的成功实例。通过时植物遗传转化受体系统以及遗传转化技术的评价，展现了高等植物遗传转化的美好前景。

我国污染转移的制度根源与改革方向

产业转移在我国的经济发展中扮演着重要的角色,但产业转移也可能会引发污染转移。污染转移的本质是经济发展的强势地区对弱势地区生态环境的侵害,其内在动力是不同地域排污成本的差异,制度根源是政府对环境资源的控制权界定产权。因此,控制污染转移应从削弱政府的控制权,提高大众的控制权入手;改革的方向应侧重于民间环保组织的设立、项目规划的环境决策程序、环境公益诉讼制度、第三方环境监测机构的规范化等方面。