Bidirectional rotating direct-current triboelectric nanogenerator with self-adaptive mechanical switching for harvesting reciprocating motion

Amid the growing interest in triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)as novel energy-harvesting devices,several studies have focused on direct current(DC)TENGs to generate a stable DC output for operating electronic devices.However,owing to the working mechanisms of conventional DC TENGs,generating a stable DC output from reciprocating motion remains a challenge.Accordingly,we propose a bidirectional rotating DC TENG(BiR-TENG),which can generate DC outputs,regardless of the direction of rotation,from reciprocating motions.The distinct design of the BiR-TENG enables the mechanical rectification of the alternating current output into a rotational-direction-dependent DC output.Furthermore,it allows the conversion of the rotational-direction-dependent DC output into a unidirectional DC output by adapting the configurations depending on the rotational direction.Owing to these tailored design strategies and subsequent optimizations,the BiR-TENG could generate an effective unidirectional DC output.Applications of the BiR-TENG for the reciprocating motions of swinging doors and waves were demonstrated by harnessing this output.This study demonstrates the potential of the BiR-TENG design strategy as an effective and versatile solution for energy harvesting from reciprocating motions,highlighting the suitability of DC outputs as an energy source for electronic devices.

Analyses of nonequilibrium transport in atmospheric-pressure direct-current argon discharge under different modes

The key plasma parameters under different discharge modes, such as heavy-particle and electron temperatures, electron number density, and nonequilibrium volume of plasmas, play important roles in various applications of gas discharge plasmas. In this study, a self-consistent two-dimensional nonequilibrium fluid model coupled with an external circuit model is established to reveal the mechanisms related to the discharge modes, including the normal glow, abnormal glow,arc, and glow-to-arc transition modes, with an atmospheric-pressure direct-current(DC) argon discharge as a model plasma system. The modeling results show that, under different discharge modes, the most significant difference between the preceding four discharge modes lies in the current and energy transfer processes on the cathode side. On one hand, the current to the cathode surface is mainly delivered by the ions coming from the plasma column under the glow discharge mode due to the low temperature of the solid cathode, whereas the thermionic and secondary electrons emitted from the hot cathode surface play a very important role under the arc mode with a higher cathode surface temperature and higher ion flux toward the cathode. On the other hand, the energy transfer channel on the cathode side changes from mainly heating the solid cathode under the glow mode to simultaneously heating both the solid cathode and plasma column under the arc mode with an increase in the discharge current. Consequently, the power density in the cathode sheath(P_c) was used as a key parameter for judging different discharge modes, and the range of(0.28–1.2) × 10^(12) W m^(-3) was determined as a critical window of P_c corresponding to the glow-to-arc-mode transition for the atmospheric-pressure DC argon discharge, which was also verified by comparison with the experimental results in this study and the data in the previous literature.

Constructions and Preliminary HV Conditioning of a Photocathode Direct-Current Electron Gun at IHEP

As one of the most important key technologies for future advanced light source based on the energy recovery linac, a photocathode dc electron gun is supported by Institute of High Energy Physics （IHEP） to address the technical challenges of producing very low ernittance beams at high average current. Construction of the dc gun is completed and a preliminary high voltage conditioning is carried out up to 440 k V. The design, construction and preliminary HV conditioning results for the dc gun are described.

Anomalous Direct-Current Josephson Effect in Semiconductor Nanowire Junctions

We investigate the dc Josephson effect in one-dimensional junctions where a ring conductor is sandwiched between two semiconductor nanowires with proximity-induced superconductivity. Peculiar features of the Josephson effect arise due to the interplay of spin-orbit interaction and external Zeenmn field. By tuning the Zeeman field orientation, the device can vary from 0 to π junction. Afore importantly, nonzero ,losephson current is possible at zero phase difference across the junction. Although this anomalous Josephson current is not relevant to the topological phase transition, its magnitude can be significantly enhanced whe, n the nanowire, s become topological superconductors where Majorana bound states emerge. Distinct modulation patterns are obtained for the semiconductor nanowires in the topologically trivial and non-trivial phases. These results are useful to probe the topological phase transition in semiconductor nanowire junctions via the dc Josephson effect.

Modeling of Pulsed Direct-Current Glow Discharge

A self-consistent model was adopted to study the time evolution of low-voltage pulsed DC glow discharge. The distributions of electric field, ion density and electron density in nitrogen were investigated in our simulation, and the temporal shape of the discharge current was also obtained. Our results show that the dynamic behaviors of the discharge depends strongly on the applied pulse voltage, and the use of higher pulse voltages results in a significantly increase of discharge current and a decrease of discharge delay time. The current-voltage characteristic cMculated by adjusting secondary electron emission coefficient for different applied pulse voltage under the gas pressure of 1 Torr is found in a reasonable agreement with the experimental results.

Effects of the sputtering power on the crystalline structure and optical properties of the silver oxide films deposited using direct-current reactive magnetron sputtering

This paper reports that a series of silver oxide （AgzO） films are deposited on glass substrates by direct-current reactive magnetron sputtering at a substrate temperature of 250 ℃ and an oxygen flux ratio of 15：18 by modifying the sputtering power （SP）. The AgxO films deposited apparently show a structural evolution from cubic biphased （AgO ＋ Ag20） to cubic single-phased （Ag20）, and to biphased （Ag20 ＋ AgO） structure. Notably, the cubic single-phased Ag20 fihn is deposited at the SP = 105 W and an AgO phase with （220） orientation discerned in the Ag^O films deposited using the SP 〉 105 W. The transmissivity and refiectivity of the AgxO films in transparent region decrease with the increase the SP, whereas the absorptivity inversely increases with the increase of the SP. These results may be due to the structural evolution and the increasing film thickness. A redshift of the films＇ absorption edges determined in terms of Tauc formula clearly occurs from 3.1 eV to 2.73 eV with the increase of the SP.

Research on corona discharge suppression of high-voltage direct-current transmission lines based on dielectric-film-covered conductor

Corona discharge suppression for high-voltage direct-current(HVDC)transmission lines at line terminals such as converter stations is a subject that requires attention.In this paper,a method based on a conductor covered with dielectric film is proposed and implemented through a bench-scale setup.Compared with the bare conductor,the corona discharge suppression effect of the dielectric-film-covered conductor under positive polarity is studied from the composite field strength and ion current density using a line-plate experimental device.The influences of film thickness and film material on the corona discharge suppression effect are investigated.The charge accumulation and dissipation characteristics of different film materials are also studied.The results show that the conductor covered with dielectric film has excellent ability to inhibit corona discharge.The ground-level composite field strength of the conductor covered with dielectric film is lower than its nominal field strength,and its ion current density is at the nA m^(−2) level.The corona threshold voltage can be promoted by increasing the film thickness,but the ability to inhibit corona discharge becomes weak.The larger the surface electric field strength,the more charge accumulated,but the faster the charge dissipation rate.Compared with polyvinyl chloride film,cross-linked polyethylene film has stronger charge accumulation ability and slower charge dissipation rate,which can better restrain the corona discharge of HVDC transmission lines.

Structural,Morphological and Electrical Properties of In-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanostructure Thin Films Grown on p-Type Gallium Nitride by Simultaneous Radio-Frequency Direct-Current Magnetron Co-Sputtering

Zinc oxide （ZnO） is one of the most promising and frequently used semiconductor materials. In-doped nanos- tructure ZnO thin films are grown on p-type gallium nitride substrates by employing the simultaneous rf and dc magnetron co-sputtering technique. The effect of In-doping on structural, morphological and electrical properties is studied. The different dopant concentrations are accomplished by varying the direct current power of the In target while keeping the fixed radio frequency power of the ZnO target through the co-sputtering deposition technique by using argon as the sputtering gas at ambient temperature. The structural analysis confirms that all the grown thin films preferentially orientate along the c-axis with the wurtzite hexagonal crystal structure without having any kind of In oxide phases. The presenting Zn, 0 and In elements＇ chemical compositions are identified with EDX mapping analysis of the deposited thin films and the calculated M ratio has been found to decrease with the increasing In power. The surface topographies of the grown thin films are examined with the atomic force microscope technique. The obtained results reveal that the grown film roughness increases with the In power. The Hall measurements ascertain that all the grown films have n-type conductivity and also the other electrical parameters such as resistivity,mobility and carrier concentration are analyzed.

Numerical simulation on the short-term failure of electromotor axe

This paper first calculated the stress distribution of the electromotor axes with the help of the engineering software MSC.Marc. With the theory of welding mechanics and fracture mechanics, the reason for the rupture of the electromotor axes was found out, which was caused by the unequal distance from the gravity center to their respective bearings at the two ends. The gravity of the structure with high rotation speed of 2 340 r/min could induce tensile stress at the toe of the fillet weld at end of the ribs. With a fictitious 0. 5 mm crack, the fatigue life of this structure under service conditions was in good agreement with the practical operating life.

Analysis of condition monitoring methods for electromotor on oil platform

Electromotor on oil platform often has mechanical failures.In order to achieve monitoring and diagnosis of the electromotor,common diagnostic methods of electromotor are summarized first,and then vibration monitoring is regarded as a suitable method for monitoring and diagnosing of mechanical failures by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each method and characteristics of mechanical faults.At last,the fault frequencies and arrangements of vibration measuring points are analyzed.By using vibration monitoring method,the diagnosis of bearing faults of electromotor is carried out.The results show that the analysis of condition monitoring methods for electromotor is meanning for machine maintenance and repair,and it lays foundation for computerized repair system and resource management system.

Intelligent algorithm-based maximum power point tracker for an off-grid photovoltaic-powered direct-current irrigation system

This research aims to enhance the performance of photovoltaic(PV)systems on a 2-fold basis.Firstly,it introduces an advanced deep artificial neural network algorithm for accurate and fast maximum power point tracking,ensuring optimal extraction of electrical power from PV arrays.Secondly,it proposes the use of 96-V,2.98-kW direct-current(DC)water pumps for farm irrigation,aiming to improve efficiency,reduce cost and complexity,and overcome challenges associated with connecting faraway farm irrigation systems to the utility grid.In this study,it has been demonstrated that the use of DC pumps greatly improves system performance and efficiency by eliminating the need for isolation transformers,power passive filters and inverters,therefore simplifying the architecture of the system.The efficacy of the proposed methodology is confirmed by MATLAB®/Simulink®simulation results,whereby the proposed algorithm attains a mean squared error of 6.5705×10^(-5)and a system efficiency approaching 99.8%,ensuring a steady voltage under varying load conditions.

罩极电机高温应用故障机理分析与解决方案

本文针对罩极电机高温运转过程中卡死失效的研究及分析,通过故障排查和故障机理分析,深入剖析可能引致卡死故障的根源,经研究发现端盖变形是导致电机卡死的原因,而端盖变形是其材料耐温温度过低引起。端盖材料应列为罩极电机高温应用的关键点,需作为重点管控物料进行控制,以此为罩极电机高温应用方面提供参考。

直流电机模型参数的直接辨识

直流电机的数学模型计算是直流调速系统设计的重要环节,传统方法求解得的直流电机模型参数误差大,且不能获得在线参数辨识。为了求出精确的直流电机模型参数,该文给出了求解直流电机数学模型的直接辩识算法,并以一个电机的实验为例,分别用传统方法和直接辨识算法求出了这个电机的模型参数,和阶跃响应曲线。通过对这两种方法所求得的结果进行仿真比较,证明直接辨识算法可行,模型的精确性有明显改善。

Ф43 mm小直径井壁超声成像测井仪的研制及应用

现有的超声成像测井仪由于外径较大(Ф46mm以上),因此限制了仪器的使用范围,难以完成严重套损井的测试任务,而且在多数情况下,测井前需要通过作业取出油管,给施工带来了极大的不便。研制了小直径井壁超声成像测井仪,介绍了直流电机驱动小直径井壁超声成像测井仪的总体结构、主要特点、测量原理及在现场测井的应用效果。该仪器由于采用了直流电机驱动,仪器外径比以前交流电机驱动有了较大的缩短;电路采用了最新的单片机技术,使仪器的使用和维护更加方便。

基于软件锁相环的电机速度控制系统

随着电力电子、微电子技术和控制技术的发展,一些场合对电机调速系统性能的要求越来越高,而锁相调速控制在稳速精度方面有其独特的优势。文章在改进的数字锁相环基础上,提出了软件锁相环电机速度控制系统,利用高性能微处理器实现了软件锁相环。

车辆主动悬架用电机作动器的研制

针对现有车用液力式主动悬架作动器普遍存在的响应慢、能耗大、蓄能效率低和结构复杂等不足,提出采用滚珠螺旋传动式无刷电机作动器的电机蓄能式主动悬架,并对该主动悬架的结构原理和电机作动器的创新设计方案。并以某中级轿车半独立后悬架作为试验对象,对电动机作动器的弹性元件、滚珠丝杠和无刷电动机等重要部件进行结构设计以及对输出特性进行分析推导。试制出电机作动器的功能样机,并对电气特性和被动响应特性进行测试分析,初步验证了该电机作动器的可行性和有效性,同时还阐述在有待进一步改进的设计缺陷,以及尚须进一步测试的主动控制响应和电磁蓄能特性等性能指标。

电动车直流无刷电动机的调速控制

对当前无刷电动机在电动车领域的应用做了简单分析,简要介绍了直流无刷电动机的组成和工作原理,提出设计总体方案,详细阐述了驱动电路组成和调速部分的具体实现方法,并且介绍了电路的过流保护功能。

电机驱动转阀控制的车辆行星变速箱自动换挡技术

为了实现液压转阀控制的车辆行星变速箱的自动换挡操纵,分析了液压转阀换挡装置的工作特性,采用普通直流电机作为转阀驱动机构的设计方案.在原有液压操纵系统的基础上加装了自动换挡操纵系统,并制定了相应的自动换挡控制策略.实车试验表明,电机驱动的转阀换挡机构可以满足自动换挡控制的需要,不仅简化了操作,提高了整车的综合性能,而且对同类型换挡装置的自动控制具有借鉴意义.

电机振动的产生及控制

由于电机振动而引起的停机、停运现象时有发生，本文对可能引起电机振动的各种因素进行了分析，并简述了控制办法，对电机的使用及维护有一定的指导作用。

山地单轨电动遥控运输机设计与试验

针对汽油机为动力的单轨运输机及时停止控制和执行结构复杂,需要额外增加电控系统的问题,结合直流电机作为驱动力易于控制、结构紧凑、无污染的特点,设计一种适合在山地运行的单轨电动遥控运输机。通过对运输机和拖车组成的运输整机进行最大爬坡角度的受力分析,获得满足运输机爬坡需要的最小牵引力;设计和制作运输机驱动机构、传动装置等关键部件,并对直流无刷电动机、蓄电池、限速和失电制动电机等进行选型,设计制作以蓄电池为动力、无刷直流电动机驱动的山地单轨电动遥控运输机。所设计制作的运输机可以搭载250 kg负载,设计额定行驶速度为0.6 m/s,使用时根据实际运行需要,速度可在0~0.6 m/s之间调节,设计制作的运输机技术指标达到了设计要求。在运输机自身功率消耗条件下:水平和下坡运行时,速度对整机功率消耗影响较大,装载质量对功率消耗影响很小;上坡运行时,速度和装载质量对整机功率消耗影响都较大。根据不同工况对电机进行调速,可实现高效运行的同时解决满载大角度爬坡时蓄电池输出电流过大的问题。