Analysis and Evaluation of Nutrient Composition in the Wild, Pond- and Lake-Cultured Topmouth Culter (Culter alburnus)

Research was conducted on topmouth culter (Culter alburnus) grown in ponds and lakes as well as wild types in order to determine their chemical composition and nutritional value. There are three types of fish that differ in their proximate composition, amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals. Wild fish had a significantly lower crude lipid contents than cultured fish (P P ∑PUFAs) showed an obviously opposite trend. As compared with cultured fish, wild fish had significantly higher levels of n-3 PUFAs, arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahxaenoic acid (DHA) (P P > 0.05), except for Na, Fe and Se. In conclusion, diet composition and external aqueous environment may determine the differences between wild and cultured topmouth culter.

Optimization of Culture Conditions and Medium Composition for the Marine Algicidal Bacterium Alteromonas sp. DH46 by Uniform Design

Harmful algal blooms(HABs) have led to extensive ecological and environmental issues and huge economic losses.Various HAB control techniques have been developed,and biological methods have been paid more attention.Algicidal bacteria is a general designation for bacteria which inhibit algal growth in a direct or indirect manner,and kill or damage the algal cells.A metabolite which is strongly toxic to the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense was produced by strain DH46 of the alga-lysing bacterium Alteromonas sp.The culture conditions were optimized using a single-factor test method.Factors including carbon source,nitrogen source,temperature,initial pH value,rotational speed and salinity were studied.The results showed that the cultivation of the bacteria at 28℃ and 180 r min-1with initial pH 7 and 30 salt contcentration favored both the cell growth and the lysing effect of strain DH46.The optimal medium composition for strain DH46 was determined by means of uniform design experimentation,and the most important components influencing the cell density were tryptone,yeast extract,soluble starch,NaNO3 and MgSO4.When the following culture medium was used(tryptone 14.0g,yeast extract 1.63g,soluble starch 5.0 g,NaNO3 1.6 g,MgSO4 2.3 g in 1L),the largest bacterial dry weight(7.36 g L-1) was obtained,which was an enhancement of 107% compared to the initial medium;and the algal lysis rate was as high as 98.4% which increased nearly 10% after optimization.

Composition of the Value of Tourism Creative Products under the Influence of Regional Culture

With the analysis of the influence of regional culture on the value of tourism creative products,the characteristics of the value of tourism creative products were studied,and the impact of regional culture on the composition and realization of the value was summarized. Thus, the general law of the influence of external factors on the product value could be drawn. Characteristics of the value of tourism creative products is contrasted to analyze the requirement motivation of consumers and to seek the ways of realization for products value with the influence of regional culture.The mathematical evaluation model was employed for evidence.Based on the model,the influencing factors of the value of different types of creative products were explored, which would provide theories and enlightenment for the co-creation and appreciation of creative products in the future.

Statistical optimization of medium composition and culture condition for the production of recombinant anti-lipopolysaccharide factor of Eriocheir sinensis in Escherichia coli

Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors （ALFs） are important antimicrobial peptides that are isolated from some aquatic species. In a previous study, we isolated ALF genes from Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. In this study, we optimized the production of a recombinant ALF by expressing E. sinensis ALF genes in Eseherichia coli maintained in shake-flasks. In particular, we focused on optimization of both the medium composition and the culture condition. Various medium components were analyzed by the Plackett-Burman design, and two significant screened factors, （NH4）2SO4 and KH2PO4, were further optimized via the central composite design （CCD）. Based on the CCD analysis, we investigated the induction start-up time, the isopropylthio-D-galactoside （IPTG） concentration, the post-induction time, and the temperature by response surface methodology. We found that the highest level of ALF fusion protein was achieved in the medium containing 1.89 g/L （NH4）2SO4 and 3.18 g/L KH2PO4, with a cell optical density of 0.8 at 600 nm before induction, an IPTG concentration of 0.5 mmol/L, a post-induction temperature of 32.7~C, and a post-induction time of 4 h. Applying the whole optimization strategy using all optimal factors improved the target protein content from 6.1% （without optimization） to 13.2%. We further applied the optimized medium and conditions in high cell density cultivation, and determined that the soluble target protein constituted 105% of the total protein. Our identification of the economic medium composition, optimal culture conditions, and details of the fermentation process should facilitate the potential application of ALF for further research.

Optimized Composition of Functional Bacteria for Bioremediation of Sediment Environment of Shrimp Culture

After the single-strain abilities of organic-pollutant-degrading bacteria in bioremediation of sediment environment of shrimp culture are determined, the multi- strain degrading effect of the compositions of different strains is measured. The results indicate that the multi-strains groups have higher degrading ability than the single -strain groups. Three-strain groups are better than two-strain groups, and four-strain groups are better than three-strain groups and five-strain groups, the groups composed of strains Lt7222, Lt7511, Fc6308 and Gy7018 has the best degrading effect, the CODMn removal rate is 73.2 % in 66 h, and gets to 82.7 % in 114 h, 30 % higher than that of the best single-strain group; Groups of Lt7222, Lt7511, Lt7451 and Gy7018 are the second, whose CODMn removal rate is 82.1 % in 114 h. It is suggested that multi-species bacteria be used as functional bacteria in bioremediation of mariculture environment.

Analysis on the Value Composition and Epochal Connotation of Sports Culture

Along with our country society＇ s unceasing development, our country national＇ s living standard obtains the enhancement gradually. But inherited and brings honor to the sports culture also to become our country to develop the sports enterprise the most important, the sports culture impels also strengthened our country＇ s promotion of cultural and ethical progress, improved national＇ s physical quality and the thought idea, to carried forward the sports spirit and the enhancement nationality sentiment has the vital role. Moreover, the sports culture inheritance and the development also promoted our country＇ s sports enterprise development. This article discusses our country sports culture value with emphasis the construction and the time connotation.

Inheritance and Innovation of Traditional Music Culture in Modern Music Composition

Traditional music culture,from perspective of axiology,is considered the essence of arts of the era which witnesses the innovation of musical culture in various historical periods and drives the development of modern music,in which creative thoughts and ideas cherish the factor and perfection making a new request to aesthetics of its composition.Therefore,blending traditional music culture with modern music composition will generate new characteristics of classic elegance,artistic beauty and epoch aesthetics,bringing a new trend of the modern music composition into being and propelling actively to form creative thoughts and innovative ideas by utilizing inheritance and innovation of traditional music as carriers.

Artificial meat? Feasible approach based on the experience from cell culture studies

This short review is to list pros and cons which are based on the literature and personal experience in cell culture studies related to possible commercial production of artificial meat as functional food. The general view of muscle composition and determinants of meat quality are shortly described. Principles of muscle cell propagation in culture and mutual relationships between different cell types present in this organ are briefly discussed. Additionally, the effects of some cytokines and growth factors for muscle cell growth and muscle tissue development are indicated. Finally, conclusion remarks related to detrimental consequences of meat production to natural environment as well as personal opinion of author on the prospects of artificial meat production are declared.

COMPARISON OF POLYSACCHARIDES ISOLATED FROM THE MYCELIA OF A CULTIVATED STRAIN OF PORIA COCOS GROWN IN DIFFERENT LIQUID CULTURE MEDIA

Mycelium of a cultivated strain of Poria cocos was grown by submerged fermentation in a liquid mediumcontaining corn steep liquor with orbital shaking. Six polysaccharides coded as ac-PCM1, ac-PCM2, ac-PCM3-Ⅰ andⅡ, ac-PCM4-Ⅰand Ⅱ were isolated from the myelium by extracting with 0.9% NaCl aqueous solution, hot water, 0.5 mol/L NaOHaqueous solution and 88% formic acid. Exo-polysaccharide was obtained from the culture medium and coded as ac-PCM0.The monosaccharide composition and molecular weights of these polysaccharides were characterized by using infraredspectroscopy, gas chromaography, elemental analysis, ^(13)C-NMR, viscometry and light scattering. The results indicated thatac-PCM0, ac-PCM1 and ac-PCM2 are heteropolysaccharides containing glucose, galactose, mannose and fucose, and ac-PCM3-Ⅰ and ac-PCM3-Ⅱ mainly consist of D-glucose. The content of the glucose in the polysaccharides increased with theisolation progress. Remarkably, α-glucan and β-glucan coexisted in the extract by NaOH aqueous solution (ac-PCM3), andcould be separated by chemical methods. The protein in the ac-PCM polysaccharides cultured from the medium containingcorn steep liquor was higher than that in the ab-PCM from the medium with bran extract. Therefore, the polysaccharidesfrom Poria cocos mycelia cultured in different media have different chemical composition, molecular weights and conformations.

Improved elastase production by Bacillus sp. EL31410—further optimization and kinetics studies of culture medium for batch fermentation

An efficient culture medium producing a bacterial elastase with high yields was developed further following preliminary studies by means of response surface method. Central composite design (CCD) and response surface method-ology were applied to optimize the medium constituents. A central composite design was used to explain the combined effect of three medium constituents, viz, glucose, K2HPO4, MgSO47H2O. The strain produced more elastase in the completely optimized medium, as compared with the partially optimized medium. The fitted model of the second model, as per RSM, showed that glucose was 7.4 g/100 ml, casein 1.13 g/100 ml, corn steep flour 0.616 g/100 ml, K2HPO4 0.206 g/100 ml and MgSO47H2O 0.034 g/100 ml. The fermentation kinetics of these two culture media in the flask experiments were analyzed. It was found that the highest elastase productivity occurred at 54 hours. Higher glucose concentration had inhibitory effect on elastase production. At the same time, we observed that the glucose consumption rate was slow in the completely optimized medium, which can explain the lag period of the highest elastase production. Some metal ions and surfactant additives also affected elastase production and cell growth.

Value Composition and Optimal Utilization of Religious Cultural Landscape Resources

Multiple value structure of religious cultural landscape resources influences and determines development and regulation of cultural landscape resources. In the multiple value structure consisting of cultural inheritance, spiritual needs, industrial expansion, leisure and entertainment, development and utilization of religious cultural landscape resources should adhere to scientific classification, relatively independent policy orientation, make and implement specific countermeasures, so as to meet various requirements of the public and other relevant subjects using more refined and improved policy measures, and to realize the optimal utilization and comprehensive value of religious cultural landscapes.

Analysis on the Space and Architecture of the Bai Settlement in Erhai Area Under the Influence of Han Culture

The influence of the Han culture on the Bai culture in Dali is the greatest and the most profound during the course of the historical development of China for thousands of years. The blending of the Han culture and the Bai culture is a distinctive feature the Bai culture, which is obviously seen in the location and layout as well as the composition and structure of the settlement and architecture of the Bai nationality in the Erhai area of Dali. Additionally, the Bai nationality in Erhai area conformed to nature and adopted nature to create the unique culture and settlement landscape based on the absorption of the cultural thoughts such as the golden mean, respect for seniority and the harmony between man and nature, as well as the advanced skills of the Han nationality. This paper further emphasized the characteristics and laws of Bai culture through the analysis of the Han culture elements in the space and architecture of the Bai settlement in the Erhai area of Dali. It is hoped that this study can provide references for the protection and development of the Bai settlement.

Harmful Ciliates and Dominant Genus in Culture Ponds of Young Abalone

By using the methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the species composition and dominant genus of harmful ciliates in young abalone culture ponds are studied. Totally 68 ,species of ciliates, belonging to 3 classes16 orders and 46 genus, are found. The dominant ciliate species are Aspidisca leptaspis, Vorticella sp. and Euplotes rariseta. During the young abalone cultivation, the numbers of young abalones increase first, and then show a trend of decreasing. The relationship between the density and composition of ciliates and the density of algae in the young abalone culture ponds is also discussed.

Comparative Analysis of Nutritional Components in Muscles between Wild and Cultured Masu Salmon Oncorhynchus masou

In this paper,approximate nutritional components and amino acid content were determined in muscles of female wild population(WP)with body weight of 2500-3000 g and female cultured population(CP)with body weight of 750-1250 g masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou in the gonadal development stage IV by conventional method.The results showed that there were significantly higher crude protein and significantly lower crude fat in fresh muscle of WP than that in CP(P<0.05),but not significant differences in the contents of moisture and crude ash between WP and CP(P>0.05).Eighteen kinds of amino acids were detected in muscles of WP and CP,with higher total content of amino acids(TAA),essential amino acids(EAA)and four kinds of delicious amino acids(DAA)in WP than those in CP(P<0.05).The amino acid score(AAS)and chemical score(CS)revealed that the first limiting amino acid was tryptophan in two populations,with essential amino acid index(EAAI)of 75.59%in WP and 70.77%in CP.The findings indicated that the amino acid contents in muscles of CP are lower than that of WP,but the amino acid nutritional value evaluation indicators of both populations are very close,and both have high nutritional value.

Research on the Historical Evolution and Spatial Composition of Fukouxing Cultural Route

The Eight Taihang Xing routes are eight natural passages formed by the Taihang Mountains,which bore the functions of transportation and military gateways for the three provinces of Shanxi,Hebei and Henan in ancient times.Fukouxing is one of the Eight Taihang Xing routes.It is the main road connecting the Shangdang Basin and southern Hebei.It has an important influence on the history and culture of southeastern Shanxi and southern Hebei,forming a unique cultural route.In this study,the historical evolution of Fukouxing is analyzed firstly,and then the spatial distribution of the ancient road is explored,hoping to provide an important basis for the protection of cultural heritage along the Fukouxing route.

台湾独蒜兰组培繁育及其假鳞茎的化学组成分析

为构建台湾独蒜兰组培繁育技术体系,分析栽培台湾独蒜兰假鳞茎化学组成特征,经过种子萌发、原球状茎增长、假鳞茎增殖、生根壮苗培养获得台湾独蒜兰植株,以组培台湾独蒜兰植株的假鳞茎为材料,应用非靶向代谢组和HPLC指纹图谱分析假鳞茎化学成分组成。结果表明,经过2年的繁育,单个台湾独蒜兰蒴果可以获得假鳞茎0.5 g左右的幼苗超过1 000株。通过非靶向代谢组数据分析鉴定出不同材料的共有的化合物1 229种,包括羧酸及其衍生物236种、苯及取代衍生物110种、有机氧化合物106种、脂肪酰基化合物94种、黄酮类化合物43种、甾体及甾体衍生物42种,其中以化合物1,4-二[4-(葡萄糖氧)苄基]-2-异丁基苹果酸酯为代表的苄酯类为兰科植物富集化合物。应用HPLC法,测得假鳞茎的1,4-二[4-(葡萄糖氧)苄基]-2-异丁基苹果酸酯含量为0.53%。综上,应用组培技术可以繁育得到台湾独蒜兰的植株,台湾独蒜兰的假鳞茎与独蒜兰一样含有丰富的苄酯类化合物成分。

多维视阈下汉口里分文化信息的可视化设计研究

目的利用信息可视化技术对汉口里分民居文化进行可视化表达,构建历史民居可视觉感知、时空回溯的文化信息空间。方法以文化信息可视化为基础,深入研究汉口里分的建筑形象与工艺、住居行为与观念、历史发展与环境,探讨汉口里分物质与精神形态所体现出的文化特征;以整体性视角、可视化方法和数字化技术将汉口里分有形的物质文化和无形的精神文化有机地结合起来,多维展示汉口里分的文化信息。结论利用新媒介、新技术的传播优势,多维展示汉口里分文化信息,能够“摆脱”时间与空间的限制,创造一个可视觉感知、时空回溯的里分文化信息空间,映射里分跨时代的社会、文化和地理演变过程,实现里分文化信息从“数据化”到“数字化”再到“数智化”的转化,达到里分文化资源数字化、文化传播数字化及文化场景数字化目的。

干旱半干旱区不同中华钙果品种的生理及营养特性分析

为研究不同欧李品种在民勤地区的生长发育规律及营养价值,以引种的‘农大4号’‘、农大5号’、‘农大6号’3个中华钙果品种为材料,以当地野生的欧李生态苗为对照,分别对其生理生物学特性进行观测,并对营养成分进行测定。结果表明:(1)‘农大5号’叶长、宽、叶面积均大于对照‘、农大4号’和‘农大6号’。(2)引种的3个欧李品种的果纵径、横径均、单果重均大于对照,且‘农大5号’大于‘农大4号’和‘农大6号’,而果形指数‘农大5号’小于对照‘、农大4号’和‘农大6号’。(3)不同中华钙果品种中‘,农大5号’钙含量和蛋白质含量相对较高,维生素C含量相对较低。(4)中华钙果的结果量与结果枝数呈正相关,与单果重呈显著负相关关系;叶面积与结果枝数呈显著的负相关关系。由此可得,‘农大5号’生物学性状的表现性最佳,是适宜培育鲜食的优良品种。加强修剪和科学的管理技术,使植株保持适量的结果枝数和结果量,是实现优质高产的前提条件。

从“文化声音原型”出发的文化表达——论朱践耳的《江雪》与叶小纲的《喜马拉雅之光》

“文化声音原型”是在音乐创作意识或潜意识中饱含历史文化信息的声音(音乐)参照系。朱践耳的《第十交响曲——江雪》与叶小纲的《喜马拉雅之光》这两部作品,虽各具独特的文化内涵,但两者都从“文化声音原型”的角度出发,展开深刻的文化诠释。尽管表达路径各异,但两者在表达文化精髓的思路上殊途同归。其“文化声音原型”的确立,决定了作品体裁、音色、语句形态、空间结构等作为文化表达的音乐形式。这两部作品基于“文化声音原型”所构建的音乐形式,与其最终的文化表达互为因果、辩证统一,呈现出主旨性、风格性、民族性、时代性等方面的异同,同时也彰显了中国当代音乐创作在人文价值立场上的共通性。

传承文化的城市活力胜境——安徽省文化馆新馆和非物质文化遗产展示馆方案设计思考

随着政策的推动和传统非遗文化保护需要,文化馆和非物质文化遗产博物馆等文化建筑逐渐演变成一种开放、复合、共享、生态的传统文化学习和日常交往场所。作为一种文化馆和非遗馆两馆合一的项目类型,文章回顾和分析了安徽省文化馆新馆和非遗馆项目的设计思路,并从中总结出能帮助文化馆及非遗馆成为文化、自然、城市活力共构的文化场所的设计策略,为文化馆及非遗博物馆等多馆合一类文化场所的设计提供有益的借鉴与启发。