Anopheles dirus complex is a major malaria vector in Southeast Asia and South China.But the role played by different member of the species complex in malaria transmission is not clearly known. Correct identification o...Anopheles dirus complex is a major malaria vector in Southeast Asia and South China.But the role played by different member of the species complex in malaria transmission is not clearly known. Correct identification of the sibling species is a foundational requirament for working out a sound scheme in mosquito biosystematics. This paper reports the resuets of biosystematic studies on the chromosomal karyotype, egg microstructure, ribosomal DNA sequences of a second internal transcribed spacer region and polymerase chain reactions of the complex in China. Specimens of species A and D from Hainan and Yunnan Provinces were carefully analyzed and the importance of development aspect of the mosquito biosystematics in malaria control is discussed.展开更多
Objective:To determine the bioefficacy of plant essential oils on Aedes aegyptiandAnopheles dirus. Repellency was determined by measuring reduction in feeding and mortality. A novelin vitro bioassay apparatus was deve...Objective:To determine the bioefficacy of plant essential oils on Aedes aegyptiandAnopheles dirus. Repellency was determined by measuring reduction in feeding and mortality. A novelin vitro bioassay apparatus was developed that had a sausage-casing membrane feeding system. Methods:Mixtures of three essential oils were evaluated: turmeric (Curcuma longa), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), and orange (Citrus aurantium). The oils were mixed in pairs or all together at equal volume for a total of 10% volume and then formulated with 90% virgin coconut oil. Completed formulations were evaluated with and without an additional 5% vanillin. The formulations were applied to the sausage casing membranes and female mosquitoes provided (expose) blood meals (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 h) to assess the percentage repellency over time. Results:The strongest repellency was at shorter exposure periods. ForAedesaegypti, the strongest feeding reduction was with the turmeric and eucalyptus combination and with the addition of vanillin (97.6%–99.6%). ForAnopheles dirus, the strongest repellency was when all three oils were combined (98.4%–99.6%). Conclusions:Vanillin increased the effects of repellency and mortality for all formulations and demonstrated an increased potential to enhance the bioefficacy of essential oil repellents. This study also demonstrated anin vitro membrane feeding system that can be used to screen essential oils.展开更多
文摘Anopheles dirus complex is a major malaria vector in Southeast Asia and South China.But the role played by different member of the species complex in malaria transmission is not clearly known. Correct identification of the sibling species is a foundational requirament for working out a sound scheme in mosquito biosystematics. This paper reports the resuets of biosystematic studies on the chromosomal karyotype, egg microstructure, ribosomal DNA sequences of a second internal transcribed spacer region and polymerase chain reactions of the complex in China. Specimens of species A and D from Hainan and Yunnan Provinces were carefully analyzed and the importance of development aspect of the mosquito biosystematics in malaria control is discussed.
文摘Objective:To determine the bioefficacy of plant essential oils on Aedes aegyptiandAnopheles dirus. Repellency was determined by measuring reduction in feeding and mortality. A novelin vitro bioassay apparatus was developed that had a sausage-casing membrane feeding system. Methods:Mixtures of three essential oils were evaluated: turmeric (Curcuma longa), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), and orange (Citrus aurantium). The oils were mixed in pairs or all together at equal volume for a total of 10% volume and then formulated with 90% virgin coconut oil. Completed formulations were evaluated with and without an additional 5% vanillin. The formulations were applied to the sausage casing membranes and female mosquitoes provided (expose) blood meals (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 h) to assess the percentage repellency over time. Results:The strongest repellency was at shorter exposure periods. ForAedesaegypti, the strongest feeding reduction was with the turmeric and eucalyptus combination and with the addition of vanillin (97.6%–99.6%). ForAnopheles dirus, the strongest repellency was when all three oils were combined (98.4%–99.6%). Conclusions:Vanillin increased the effects of repellency and mortality for all formulations and demonstrated an increased potential to enhance the bioefficacy of essential oil repellents. This study also demonstrated anin vitro membrane feeding system that can be used to screen essential oils.
