Relationship between Authoritative Parenting Style and Preschool Children’s Emotion Regulation:A Moderated Mediation Model

An authoritative parenting style has been shown to promote children’s emotion regulation in European-American family studies.However,little is known about how sleep problems and the child’s sibling status in Chinese families affect this relationship.Based on family system theory,this study attempts to better understand the relationship between authoritative parenting style and emotion regulation.Mothers of preschool children in Chinese kindergartens completed questionnaires about their children’s sleep habits,their authoritative parenting styles,and children’s emotion regulation.A total of 531 children participated in this study.Results showed that authoritative parenting was positively associated with emotional regulation.Sleep problems mediated the effects of authoritative parenting style on emotion regulation.The child’s sibling status moderated the mediating effects of sleep problems in authoritative parenting and emotion regulation relationships.Specifically,the relationship between the authoritative parenting style and sleep problems was significant for only children,while birth order had no significant influence on the authoritative parenting style and sleep problems in two-child families.These findings suggest that a lowauthoritative parenting style predicts low emotion regulation through sleep problems,and this depends on the child’s sibling status,indicating that children without siblings may impair emotion regulation due to increased sleep problems.

The research on the welfare of the China disabled children

The disabled children are a special people; but we pay little attention to them. At the same time, we study the welfare of the disabled children very little. As many problems on the disabled children presented in front of people, their welfare are generally put forward. The proportion of the disabled children＇s welfare is relatively small in the social welfare system of china; paying attention to the disabled children＇s welfare of china; getting to know the present situation of the disabled children＇s welfare of china and establishing the disabled children＇s welfare pattern of china based the present situation of the disabled children＇s welfare of china will be good for the rescue of the disabled children of china. That can give them a hand to make them live in a good living environment. Improving and perfecting the system of the disabled children＇s welfare of china; safeguarding the rights and interest of the disabled children of china; forming a good social atmosphere; building a harmonious society and improve the level of civilization are the benefit of the new system.

Meta-analysis on the effectiveness of parent education for children with disabilities

BACKGROUND Parents of children with disabilities often have difficulty understanding their child’s behavior and are unable to do it appropriately because they do not know what to do.The more we properly understand children with disabilities,the more positive the importance of parent education becomes in various aspects.AIM To demonstrate the effectiveness of parent education for children with disabilities in various aspects and present it as evidence that can be used clinically.METHODS For a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of parent education for children with disabilities,literature was collected from 2002 to 2022 using PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Directory of Open Access Journals,and Europe PMC.Search terms were“disabled children,”“disabled children,”“parent education,”“parent training,”and“parent coaching.”The final searched literature included a total of 11 articles.To calculate the effect size,the mean,standard deviation,and sample size of the experimental and control groups were analyzed,and a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan version 5.4.1.To analyze statistical heterogeneity,a chi-square test was performed to evaluate the significance of Q statistics to indicate statistical heterogeneity.RESULTS The final literature totaled 11 articles,and a total of 4 items were analyzed.There were 5 studies on parental depression,the heterogeneity was 98%,and the effect size for parental depression was 0.35[confidence interval(CI:0.30-0.40)],indicating a small but statistically significant effect size.There were 4 studies on parenting attitude,the heterogeneity was 100%,the effect size on parenting attitude was 0.41(CI:0.37-0.46),which was a medium effect size,and the P value showed a statistically significant score.Additionally,face-to-face parent education was found to have a larger effect size than non-face-to-face education.Regarding parent education methods,face-to-face parent education had a medium effect size[0.57(CI:0.52-0.61)],while non-face-to-face parent education had a small effect size[0.23(CI:0.18-0.28)].CONCLUSION Parental education has shown high effectiveness in child development,and it has proven to be even more effective when face-to-face parenting education is conducted.Accordingly,more effective and objective data was presented.Based on this study,it is believed that parent education research applying various diagnostic groups should continue to be conducted.

Research on the Influence of Family Education on Children’s Behavioral Habits

Under the background of the all-round deepening of quality education,the cultivation of comprehensive quality has become the main theme of contemporary education reform.Good behavior and habits are of great significance to children’s future learning,growth,and development.Through literature review and other methods,this paper analyzes the current situation of children’s family education and the influence of family education on the cultivation of children’s behavioral habits and provides some strategies for cultivating children’s good behavioral habits in family education.

Parents＇ Experiences of When an Adult Child Is Seriously III--＂lt Does Not Matter That It Is a Grown-Up Person, They Are Still Your Child＂

Purpose and Topic： A longer life expectancy is expected to rise continuously in all populations on all continents. Older parents are at risk of having to accompany their adult children through a severe illness, sometimes even to their death. The present study investigates the experiences of being a parent to an adult child with a severe illness and what support was helpful during the child＇s period of illness. Method： A qualitative approach with in-depth interviews which were analyzed using content analysis. Results： The results showed that a common perception was that it is very special to have a child with a severe illness. The underlying elements of existential experience and the relationship both influenced the parents＇ conceptions of life and permeated the whole situation. There were four areas that the parents found important and influenced how they could manage the situation： having information, participation, strategies to cope with the situation, and support. Conclusions： Accompanying an adult child through a severe and potentially fatal disease in the context of a growing elderly population will become an increasingly frequent problem. So far there is limited research in this area and more research should be a high priority in the future.

Conners父母症状量表在ADHD患儿中的应用

目的了解儿童注意缺陷多动障碍患者合并其他行为问题的情况。方法采用Conners儿童行为问卷（父母用），对符合美国精神病协会《精神障碍诊断和统计手册》第4版（DSM—Ⅳ）注意缺陷多动障碍诊断标准的1006例患者进行了合并行为问题的研究，分析不同性别、不同亚型患儿Conners量表测试结果，以分析注意缺陷多动障碍合并其他行为障碍的特点。结果多动／冲动为主型、注意缺陷为主型和混合型行为问题各占18．3％、55．9％和25．9％，其分布经比较有显著性差异（X2=9．054，P〈0．05）；1006例患者主要分布在7～11岁之间，占总人次的78．1％，其中以9岁组为最多；合并学习问题者占57．6％、品行问题占50．1％，焦虑占36．2％，心身障碍占17．3％；女性患儿各因子异常率和总分异常率均高于男性，除心身障碍因子外，其余因子异常率性别间经比较差异有统计学意义（X2=11．148，P〈0．01）；多动／冲动为主型行为问题发生率由高到低为品行问题、学习问题、焦虑和心身障碍；注意缺陷为主型和混合型行为问题发生率顺序均为学习问题、品行问题、焦虑和心身障碍；以上4种障碍发生率均以混合型行为问题最高，不同亚型各因子异常率经比较均存在显著性的差异。结论注意缺陷多动障碍患儿合并行为问题较多，性别和亚型间存在差异；症状愈严重，合并障碍比例愈高。

Parents＇ Perception and their Decision on their Children＇s Vaccination Against Seasonal Influenza in Guangzhou

Background： Seasonal influenza epidemic occurs every year in Guangzhou, which can affect all age groups. Young children are the most susceptible targets. Parents can decide whether to vaccinate their children or not based on their own consideration in China. The aim of this study was to identify factors that are important for parental decisions on vaccinating their children against seasonal influenza based on a modified health belief model （HBM）. Methods： A cross-sectional study was conducted in Guangzhou, China. A total of 335 parents who had at least on child aged between 6 months and 3 years were recruited from women and children＇s hospital in Guangzhou, China. Each eligible subject was invited for a face-to-face interview based on a standardized questionnaire. Results： Uptake of seasonal influenza within the preceding 12 months among the target children who aged between 6 months and 36 months was 47.7%. Around 62.4% parents indicated as being ＂likely/very likely＂ to take their children for seasonal influenza vaccination in the next 12 months. The hierarchical logistic regression model showed that children＇s age （odds ratio [OR] =2.59, 95% confidence interval [C/I： 1.44-4.68）, social norm （OR = 2.08, 95% CI： 1.06-4.06） and perceived control （OR - 2.96, 95% CI： 1.60-5.50） were significantly and positively associated with children＇s vaccination uptake within the preceding 12 months; children with a history of taking seasonal influenza vaccine （OR = 2.50, 95% CI： 1.31-4.76）, perceived children＇s health status （OR = 3.36, 95% C1： 1.68-6.74）, worry/anxious about their children influenza infection （OR = 2.31, 95% CI： 1.19-4.48） and perceived control （OR = 3.21, 95% CI： 1.65-6.22） were positively association with parental intention to vaccinate their children in the future 12 months. However, anticipated more regret about taking children for the vaccination was associated with less likely to vaccinate children within the preceding 12 months （OR = 0.21, 95% CI： 0.08-0.52）. Conclusions： The modified HBM provided a good theoretical basic for understanding factors associated with parents＇ decisions on their children＇s vaccination against seasonal influenza.

智力障碍儿童音位/s/构音矫正的个案研究

目的探究音位/s/治疗方案的效果,为特殊儿童音位/s/构音障碍的康复提供参考。方法用系统的构音康复训练方法,包括听觉识别训练、音位对比-诱导-习得训练、声韵组合训练及音位强化训练对患儿进行构音矫正,使用构音障碍测量与康复训练仪比较患儿治疗前后口部感觉运动功能和音位/s/构音正确率。结果经过2周个别化训练,患儿的口部感觉运动功能总分由76.83%提升至92.68%,其中口部感觉评分由75%提升至96.88%,下颌运动功能评分由61.11%提升至77.78%,舌运动功能评分由75%提升至95.31%;/s/单音节构音正确率由0提升至71.43%。结论虽然智障儿童的语言理解和学习能力落后,但是通过个性化康复治疗,可以有效提升患儿的口部感觉运动功能,改善/s/的构音清晰度。

县域地区父母卷入对儿童希望感的影响——基于西部N县数据的实证研究

聚焦西部县域儿童希望感,基于课题组在N县23所学校开展的中学生调查数据,运用多元线性回归分析了父母卷入对儿童希望感的影响,并纳入交互项,从性别和留守视角分析父母卷入对儿童希望感影响的异质性。研究发现:(1)父母的情感卷入和母亲认知卷入均会对儿童希望感产生显著的正向影响;(2)性别视角下,父母卷入对儿童希望感的影响不存在显著的性别差异;(3)留守状态视角下父母卷入的影响效应差异并不显著;(4)留守距离视角下,对于双留守而言,父母一方在省内会显著降低父亲的行为卷入,但会显著提升母亲的行为卷入。在此基础上,提出应从强化家庭教育宣传引导,促进特色产业发展,通过学校、社区的力量,加强对留守家庭的支持,促进西部县域儿童希望感的发展等方面的政策建议。

照顾资源供需视角下的儿童身体健康与父母抑郁

成年人抑郁已成为全球性公共健康问题。当前研究大多在个体层面讨论导致成年人抑郁的因素及其分化,对家庭的影响讨论尚不充分。在中国的家庭文化中,父母对子女的期望和责任感尤为强烈,儿童生病往往构成家庭的冲击性事件,打破家庭常规的运行方式,需要父母付出额外的照料与经济成本,进而可能会影响父母的心理健康。特别是随着老龄化加剧与女性大量进入劳动力市场,传统以家庭为单位的照顾活动在日益增长的照料需求面前相形见绌,照顾资源的供给与需求状况构成了研究这一问题的结构性背景。本研究使用中国家庭追踪调查2020年数据,聚焦儿童身体健康对父母抑郁的影响及异质性,并将其置于照顾资源的供给与需求框架下进行分析。研究发现:在只有一名0~16岁儿童的家庭中,儿童生病或者因病就医会显著增加父母的抑郁水平,医疗开支越大父母的抑郁水平也显著更高。研究通过将自变量更换成生病的频率以及将样本更换为有多名儿童的家庭,发现上述结果具有一定的稳健性。此外,儿童身体健康对父母抑郁的影响存在性别与社会经济地位的分野。女性往往是承担照顾工作的主体,儿童生病会提高母亲的抑郁水平,对父亲的影响并不显著,这反映了中国传统家庭分工模式的作用。在居住城镇、教育程度较高的父母中,儿童身体健康不佳对父母抑郁的影响更大。研究还进一步在照顾资源供给与需求情境下讨论影响效应。从供给方面看,当祖辈能够提供照料支持或者父母一方不在业时,儿童生病对父母抑郁的影响相对较小,说明更多的照顾供给能够发挥“保护网”作用,在儿童生病时为家庭托底。从需求方面看,无论家庭中孩子总数多还是少、孩子的年龄大还是小,儿童生病都会显著提升父母的抑郁水平。本研究的发现对优化儿童照顾政策具有一定的启发意义,未来应当借鉴其他国家(地区)的先进经验,更加重视儿童的社会保障问题,平衡照顾资源的供需矛盾,重点增加照顾资源的供给,形成针对兼顾工作和子女照顾的制度性支持。与此同时,也需要在照顾议题中关注两性平等,推动男性参与儿童照顾,促进家庭成员之间的风险共担,为家庭赋能。

残疾儿童青少年身体活动行为的家庭影响因素——基于定量和定性研究的混合系统综述

目的:探讨残疾儿童青少年身体活动行为的家庭影响因素。方法:在中国知网、Web of Science、SPORTDiscus、PsycINFO、Embase、PubMed和Scopus数据库中检索截至2023年6月30日的定量、定性及混合设计文献,采用聚敛整合法和半定量分析法对相关文献进行整合分析。结果:研究共纳入56篇文献,涉及样本量4152人。确定了4类一级家庭影响因素,即家庭社会人口学特征、家庭环境、父母支持和父母心理特征,共涉及29个二级家庭影响因素。多种家庭因素对残疾儿童青少年的身体活动行为产生显著影响。例如,家庭经济收入、家庭成员参与度及父母的身体活动行为与残疾儿童青少年身体活动呈正相关;家庭结构(单亲)、父母的安全顾虑及父母压力与残疾儿童青少年身体活动呈负相关。结论:父母支持和父母心理特征2类因素与残疾儿童青少年的身体活动存在较为一致的关系,未来的实践干预和政策制定应予以充分考虑。此外,仍需开展更多高质量研究对家庭因素做进一步检验。

听障污名与亲职失权——听障父母健听子女家庭祖辈替代养育现象探析

养育子女是父母的职责和权利,但听障父母常被排除在外。本研究通过深度访谈和非参与式观察,探析听障父母健听子女家庭中祖辈替代养育现象。研究发现,听障父母的养育权普遍处于失权状态,祖辈掌控孙辈养育权,他们“再为父母”,主导孙辈的日常生活照料与.教育、掌控家庭经济权力,听障父母成为“隐形人”。这种替代养育现象的形成,有着深刻的社会文化根源,即对听障的污名,听障者常被视为“智商低、能力差”,缺乏教养子女的能力。手语作为听障污名标记,祖辈常阻止孙辈学习手语,甚至阻止孙辈接受母乳喂养,导致听障者亲职权利被剥夺。“去污名化”以及听障父母教养支持是听障父母育儿权利实现的必由之路。

残疾儿童家长亲职压力的特点及其与生活质量的关系:社会支持的中介作用

本研究旨在考查残疾儿童家长亲职压力的特点,并探讨亲职压力、社会支持对生活质量的影响。使用《亲职压力指标简表》、《社会支持评定量表》和《世界卫生组织生活质量测定简表》(中文版)对孤独症、智力残疾、听力残疾、视力残疾以及脑瘫5种残疾类型儿童的369名家长进行问卷调查。结果发现:(1)残疾儿童家长亲职压力及其各维度在不同残疾儿童类型中差异显著,孤独症儿童家长在总分及各维度中均最高,听力残疾儿童家长均最低;(2)亲职压力各维度与社会支持各维度以及生活质量各维度均呈显著负相关,社会支持各维度与生活质量各维度之间均呈显著正相关;(3)亲职压力与生活质量的典型相关分析表明两者的整体相关显著;(4)社会支持在亲职压力和生活质量间起部分中介作用。

幼儿常见的安全问题及家长对其认知的调查

调查表明,幼儿常见的安全问题主要为摔伤或碰伤、异物入体、扎伤或戳伤、烫伤或烧伤、动物咬伤等;造成幼儿意外伤害的主要原因是幼儿好奇、缺乏对危险事物或行为的认识、活动时不小心以及成人的照顾不周;家长对孩子涉及最多的安全指导为交通安全和人际交往安全;多数家长对孩子在园的安全状况表示出一定程度的担心,其担心的重点为孩子与同伴交往时的安全以及运动中的安全。

北京市0～6岁五类残疾儿童家长对儿童残疾的知晓情况及影响因素

目的:了解北京市残疾儿童家长对儿童残疾状况的知晓情况,并初步探讨影响家长知晓的主要因素。方法:按照病例-对照研究的设计,对相关因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果:五类残疾中智力残疾的家长对儿童残疾状况知晓情况最差;影响残疾儿童家长对儿童残疾状况知晓的独立因素有:居住在农村地区、男童、年龄小、母亲文化程度低、单一残疾和残疾程度轻。结论:北京市残疾儿童的家长对儿童残疾的知晓状况相对不足;儿童保健部门和残疾康复部门应大大加强儿童残疾预防和识别等方面的健康教育,同时加强对基层儿童保健工作人员的培训工作,提高他们在残疾预防和早期识别方面的知识和对家长的指导能力。

父母教养方式对小学学业不良儿童孤独感的影响

目的:探讨父母教养方式对学业不良儿童孤独感的影响,为学业不良儿童孤独感干预提供心理学依据。方法:运用父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)和儿童孤独量表,以北京市四所普通小学四到六年级1276名小学生中筛查出的144名学业不良儿童为被试进行团体测查,采用一般线性回归和分位回归进行统计分析。结果:(1)线性回归中母亲的温暖理解的估计系数为-0.1115,父母惩罚严厉的估计系数分别为0.3802,0.5158;(2)在分位回归中,惩罚严厉的估计系数,随着分位回归数从0.5到0.9,有增加的趋势;(3)整体上线性回归结果显示父亲的拒绝否认和过分干涉的估计系数分别为0.1303,-0.2897,对孤独感没有显著影响,但在分位回归中,父亲的拒绝否认和过分干涉在中低分位点处估计系数为(0.8142,0.2588)和(-0.3334,-0.4885),对孤独感有显著影响。结论:学业不良儿童孤独感与父母教养方式有关,其中父母的温暖理解、惩罚严厉为主要影响因素。对于孤独感体验强烈的学业不良儿童,惩罚严厉对其孤独感影响尤其显著,父母更应慎重使用惩罚严厉的教养方式。父亲的拒绝否认和过分干涉对学业不良儿童孤独感的影响作用需要进一步更细致的研究。

社区儿童家长免疫预防知识干预效果研究

目的了解社区儿童家长免疫预防知识的知晓情况,比较儿童家长免疫预防知识干预效果。方法选取杭州市区和城郊结合部各2个社区免疫接种点为研究点,对实验组进行健康教育干预。2个月后,比较干预效果。结果儿童家长免疫预防知识得分受年龄、职业、文化程度等特征的影响;市区儿童家长免疫预防知识得分显著高于城郊;干预后实验组儿童家长免疫预防知识得分显著高于对照组,实验组儿童家长干预后免疫预防知识得分显著高于干预前,尤以城郊结合部社区干预效果为甚。结论对社区儿童家长进行免疫预防知识的干预有利于提高儿童家长的免疫预防知识水平。

智力残疾儿童父母亲职压力、社会支持和婚姻质量的关系研究

为探讨智力残疾儿童父母亲职压力、社会支持和婚姻质量之间的关系,本研究对282名智力残疾儿童家长进行了问卷调查。结果显示,智力残疾儿童父母感知的亲职压力和婚姻质量总体无显著差异;亲职压力和婚姻质量、社会支持呈显著负相关;母亲感知的亲职压力不仅可以显著预测自身婚姻质量,还能显著预测父亲的婚姻质量;社会支持在亲职压力和婚姻质量间起部分中介作用,调节作用不显著。

父母教养方式:对子女个性成长影响的预测

抽样4127名被试,以父母对自己个性成长影响值为因变量,用回归模型预测母亲和父亲的显著教养方式。结果显示,在对子女个性成长影响的预测中,积极教养方式居首:父母好用情感温暖、民主、安慰和宽容,母亲还偏爱行为参与,父亲还偏爱赏识和鼓励;消极教养方式次之:父母共用过度保护、责骂、迁就和专制,以及母亲拒绝和归罪,父亲剥夺和干涉;女儿受母亲教养影响显著高于父亲,儿子受母亲和父亲教养影响无显著差异。本研究可指导父母自觉完善教养方式、积极帮助子女个性成长。

扶上马再送一程:父母的帮助及其对子女赡养行为的影响

以往关于中国家庭代际关系的研究往往侧重于分析子女对父母的赡养,而很少讨论父母对成年子女的帮助,以及这种帮助对传统赡养关系的影响。本文在分析"中国老年社会追踪调查"在2012年的试调查数据后发现,现在中国父母正在从经济和小孩照料等方面向他们的成年子女提供各种形式的帮助,而且父母的帮助(特别是小孩照料)对是否能够得到子女赡养和赡养的水平均有显著影响。分城乡的比较研究发现,父母的帮助对子女赡养行为的影响在城市表现得更加明显,这在一定程度上说明,随着社会现代化程度的提高,中国家庭养老赖以维持的基础已经发生了改变。