Design and Preparation of Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds with Porous Controllable Structure

A novel method of designing and preparing bone tissue engineering scaffolds with controllable porous structure of both macro channels and micro pores was proposed. The CAD software UG NX3.0 was used to design the macro channels＇ shape, size and distribution. By integrating rapid prototyping and traditional porogen technique, the macro channels and micro pores were formed respectively. The size, shape and quantity of micro pores were controlled by porogen particulates. The sintered β-TCP porous scaffolds possessed connective macro channels of approximately 500 μm and micro pores of 200-400 μm. The porosity and connectivity of micro pores became higher with the increase of porogen ratio, while the mechanical properties weakened. The average porosity and compressive strength offl-TCP scaffolds prepared with porogen ratio of 60wt% were 78.12% and 0.2983 MPa, respectively. The cells＇ adhesion ratio of scaffolds was 67.43%. The ALP activity, OCN content and cells micro morphology indicated that cells grew and proliferated well on the scaffolds.

Effect of PLA Knitted Structure on the Mechanical Properties of Composite Vascular Scaffold

A new entire biodegradable scaffold has been developed which does not require precelluiarization before transplantation. This new kind of vascular scaffold prototype made from porous poly- e-caprolactone （PCL） membrane to provide three-dimensional environment for cell growth, and embedded with weft-knitted polylactic acid （PLA） fabric to support mechanics. The aim of this paper is to study the variation tendency of mechanical properties with the fabric spacing changing. The basic geometrical parameters were measured to characterize properties of the samples. The tensile and compressive elastic recovery of the samples were tested by the universal mechanical tester and radial compression apparatus, respectively. Both tensile and compressive properties enhanced when reducing the fabric spacing of the composite vascular scaffold.

Effect of Molecular Weight of PCL on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of PCL/PET Composite Vascular Scaffold Prototype

A new scaffold has been developed,which made from poly(ε-caprolactone)( PCL) membrane with porous structure,and reinforcement of PCL scaffold was achieved by embedding polyethylene terephthalate(PET) weft-knit tubular fabric. The aim of this paper is to study the variation tendency of the morphology and the mechanical properties of the sample with the changing of molecular weight. Weighing method was used to analyze the porosity of the sample,and scanning electron microscopy( SEM) images were taken to observe porous structure. The tensile and compressive strengths of the samples were tested by the universal mechanical tester and radial compression apparatus, respectively. And the results showed that the porosity and compressive strength were improved when increasing the molecular weight,and the elastic recovery rate was also improved slightly. However, molecular weight has little impact on the tensile strength properties,because the PET tubular fabric provides most of the strength support rather than PCL membrane.

Fabrication and Interfacial Structure of Ni-YSZ-LSM Porous Scaffold for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

A novel process route using tape casting and stacking for fabricating porous scaffold of solid oxide fuel cells （SOFC） was demonstrated. The linear shrinkages of anode （Ni-YSZ, YSZ stands for 3% Y2O3 （mole fraction） stabilized ZrO2 ） and cathode （LSM-YSZ, LSM stands for La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 ） were optimized to be uniform with that of electrolyte during sintering, by controlling the content of pore former. The micromorphology and interface microstructure of the cross-section of the porous scaffold were observed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The element distribution and phase composition were analyzed by energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The results showed that the porous scaffold with regular pore shape and high specific surface area was obtained after sintering at 1 350℃. The fabricated porous scaffold had defect free interracial structures due to the uniform shrinkage of anode, cathode and electrolyte layers. In addition, it was shown that diffusions of Zr, Ni and La caused a progressive boundary between YSZ, Ni-YSZ and LSM-YSZ layers. The interface between anode and electrolyte （Ni-YSZ/YSZ） was mainly composed of Ni, YSZ and a small amount of NiO, and the interface between cathode and electrolyte （LSM-YSZ/YSZ） was mainly composed of YSZ, LSM and a small amount of La2Zr2O7.

Disc-Electrospun PCL Nanofiber Formed Micro-patterned Structure Scaffold

Disc-electrospinning using a disc as spinneret and a rotary drum as collector is a novel technology to prepare nanofiber which has been applied in tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, nanofibrous mats with mlcro-patterned structure were fabricated via disc-electrospinning. Poly （ε-eaprolactone） （PCL） was dissolved in trifluoroethanol （TFE） at various concentrations （ 2 %-7 % ） （w/v） for electrospinning and the applied voltage ranged from 40 to 70 kV. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） was employed to observe the morphology of the nanofibrous scaffolds. SEM images illustrated that the nanofibers with beads formed micro-patterned structure such as triangles and other polygons. The average diameter of nanofibers presented various size with the concentration increased from 2% to 7%. The beads on the nanofibers constructed the vertexes of the polygons, while nanofibers bridged between adjacent vertexes. The concentration of solution and applied voltage may be two dominant factors to influence the topological structure of the nanofibrons scaffolds. Cells cultured on the micro-patterned scaffold spread along the edges of the polygons. The scaffold with patterned structure may have a promising application in tissue engineering.

Computer aided modeling and pore distribution of bionic porous bone structure

Artificial bone with porous structure is crucial for tissue scaffold and clinic implants.Scaffold provides structure support for cells and guides tissues regeneration for final tissue structure.A computational aided process of porous bone modeling was developed which described the design and fabrication of tissue scaffolds by considering intricate architecture,porosity and pore size.To simulate intricate bone structure,different constructive units were presented.In modeling process,bone contour was gotten from computed tomography(CT)images and was divided into two levels.Each level was represented by relatively reconstructive process.Pore size distribution was controlled by using mesh generation.The whole hexahedral mesh was reduced by unit structure,when a 3D mesh with various hexahedral elements was provided.The simulation results show that constructive structure of porous scaffold can meet the needs of clinic implants in accurate and controlled way.

Neuron-fibrous scaffold interfaces in the peripheral nervous system: a perspective on the structural requirements

The nerves of the peripheral nervous system are not able to effectively regenerate in cases of severe neural injury.This can result in debilitating consequences,including morbidity and lifelong impairments affecting the quality of the patient’s life.Recent findings in neural tissue engineering have opened promising avenues to apply fibrous tissue-engineered scaffolds to promote tissue regeneration and functional recovery.These scaffolds,known as neural scaffolds,are able to improve neural regeneration by playing two major roles,namely,by being a carrier for transplanted peripheral nervous system cells or biological cues and by providing structural support to direct growing nerve fibers towards the target area.However,successful implementation of scaffold-based therapeutic approaches calls for an appropriate design of the neural scaffold structure that is capable of up-and down-regulation of neuron-scaffold interactions in the extracellular matrix environment.This review discusses the main challenges that need to be addressed to develop and apply fibrous tissue-engineered scaffolds in clinical practice.It describes some promising solutions that,so far,have shown to promote neural cell adhesion and growth and a potential to repair peripheral nervous system injuries.

骨组织工程镁基支架的制备研究进展

骨组织工程为受损骨、病变骨的治疗提供了重要的途径。如何获得易于骨修复、高强度且具有良好生物相容性的支架,是当前骨组织工程支架应用的技术难点和研究热点之一。支架材料的种类及制备方法是影响骨组织工程结构及性能的主要因素。镁基合金因在生物相容性、降解行为等方面具有突出表现而受到了普遍的关注,被认为是一种前景广阔的骨组织工程支架材料。常见的骨组织工程镁基支架制备方法有熔体发泡法、渗流铸造法、固/气共晶定向凝固法和增材制造法等,然而现有制备方法在孔隙结构精细控制及造孔残留物对镁基支架生物相容性的影响等方面仍需进一步研究。本文综述了骨组织工程镁基支架的制备方法,分析了影响镁基支架孔隙结构和性能的因素,总结了每种制备方法的优缺点,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。

涉水高墩现浇箱梁支撑体系的承载能力分析和方案优化

混凝土现浇梁支架虽然属于临时结构,但仍具有承载功能,而且随着桥梁工程的发展,高大支架的受力也越来越复杂,传统的结构力学手算方法已无法全面反映和权衡特殊体型、特殊部位和特殊工况的受力情况。为保证工程的顺利开展,需采用数值方法进行整体承载力计算和方案设计。该文采用Midas/Civil有限元软件,从强度、刚度、稳定性和经济性(用钢量)等方面综合评价满堂支撑、梁式支撑体系的安全性能和通用性。结果表明:(1)满堂支撑虽然施工简单,用钢量小,下部支撑杆系较多,受力均匀,变形小,最大挠度仅为2.82 mm,但是强度和稳定性不及梁式支撑,对场地要求还高。当应用于高大桥梁时,需整体进行屈曲分析,谨防结构失稳破坏;(2)梁式支撑虽然不会发生强度和失稳性破坏,对场地和地基基本没有要求。但是其用钢量高、施工难度也大,并且因跨中缺乏竖向支撑,变形有所增加。因此,在应用于“预拱度”要求较高的复杂桥梁工程中时,需进行找形分析;(3)在力学指标均达标的前提下,可以适当调整贝雷梁横向净距或下弦杆加强等措施,以获取经济性。以该文案例工程为例,贝雷梁净距由80 cm调整到100cm,可以节省约10%的用钢量。

生物医用支架仿生设计及在组织工程中的应用

背景:基于解剖学对生物组织功能与结构的认识,对于具有恢复、维持或改善组织功能的生物活性材料仿生设计是目前再生医学领域研究的热点。目的:从生物医用支架的机械性能、三维空间结构和生化活性对细胞行为的影响进行讨论,并综述生物医用支架在组织工程领域的应用。方法:应用计算机检索中国知网、万方、Web of Science、PubMed数据库2003年1月至2023年4月发表的文献,中文检索词为“细胞外基质,组织工程,支架,生物材料,仿生结构,机械性能,三维结构,腱骨界面,骨软骨,神经导管,人造血管”;英文检索词为“extracellular matrix,tissue engineering,scaffolds,biomimetic structures,biomaterials,tendon bone interfaces,osteochondral,neural conduits,artificial blood vessels”。结果与结论:细胞处在一个复杂且动态变化的三维环境中,因此细胞外基质是生物材料模拟的最终目标,在设计生物医用支架的仿生结构时需要与其所处真实的微环境相似,让细胞可以正常地贴壁、生长和迁移,并保持其多样的生理功能。生物医用支架在机械性能、三维空间结构以及生物化学性质方面对细胞外基质的仿生设计可以对组织修复过程中的细胞起到决定性作用,从而影响组织修复最后的结果。进行仿生设计的生物医用支架在腱骨界面、骨软骨界面、神经、血管再生等领域已有广泛的应用,在临床上提供了一个有前途的新思路。

不同交联方法构建的胶原基支架及其性能表征

分别采用1-乙基-(3-二甲氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺(EDC)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)交联法、甲基丙烯酸酐(MA)修饰光聚合交联法和苯基-2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基磷酸锂(LAP)光交联法制备了3种胶原基支架材料,并对其微观结构、理化性能和生物学性能进行了评价。结果表明:这3种交联法制备的胶原基支架材料的孔洞结构具有显著差异,其孔径范围均为50~250μm,符合组织修复材料对孔径的需求。此外,通过MA复合光交联所得的胶原基支架材料(Col-MA),其抗压强度可达2.17 MPa,满足组织工程理想支架材料对力学性能的基本要求。生物相容性实验结果表明,这3种支架材料均能够为细胞生长提供合适的空间以及供应足够的营养物质。

不同胞元结构多孔钛合金支架的力学性能

目的研究不同胞元结构对多孔钛合金支架静态力学性能和动态力学性能的影响,为临床下颌骨缺损修复支架的应用提供力学理论基础。方法采用3D打印技术制造钻石胞元、立方体胞元和截面立方体胞元结构的多孔钛合金支架,开展支架单轴压缩试验和压缩棘轮疲劳试验,分析不同胞元结构支架的静态和动态力学性能。结果钻石胞元、截面立方体胞元、立方体胞元支架的弹性模量分别为1.17、0.566、0.322 GPa,屈服强度分别为71.8、65.1、31.8 MPa。棘轮应变达到稳定阶段后,截面立方体胞元结构、钻石胞元结构、立方体胞元结构支架的棘轮应变分别为3.3%、4.0%、4.5%。棘轮应变随平均应力、应力幅值和峰值保持时间的增加而增加,随加载速率的增加而减小。结论静态力学性能的评估结果为钻石胞元支架最优,截面立方体胞元支架次之,立方体胞元支架最差;动态力学性能评估结果为截面立方体胞元支架最优,钻石胞元支架次之,立方体胞元支架最差。研究结果为临床下颌骨缺损修复支架的构建提供新思路,也为该支架技术的进一步临床应用提供实验依据。

Comparative Study of 3D-Printed Porous Titanium Alloy with Rod Designs of Three Different Geometric Structures for Orthopaedic Implantation

Porous titanium alloy is currently widely used in clinical treatment of orthopaedic diseases for its lower elastic modulus and ability to integrate with bone tissue.At the micro-level,cells can respond to different geometries,and at the macro-level,the geometric design of implants will also affect the biological function of cells.In this study,three kinds of porous scaffolds with square,triangular and circle rod shapes were designed and 3D printed.This study observed the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells during surface culture of the three types of scaffolds.It also evaluated the characteristics of the three scaffolds by means of compression tests and scanning electron microscopy to provide a reference for the design of porous titanium alloy implants for clinical applications.The trends of cell proliferation and gene expression between the three types of scaffolds were observed after treatment with two inhibitors.The results show that the square rod porous scaffolds have the best proliferative and osteogenic activities,and these findings may be due to differences in piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1(Piezo1)and Yes-associated protein(YAP)expression caused by the macro-geometric topography.

城镇老旧小区加固设计方法及施工关键技术研究

本研究以呼北高速公路沿线木结构建筑为例,提出了城镇老旧小区加固设计方法及施工关键技术。首先,针对该项目研究设计了4种加固节点形式;其次,形成了脚手架和钢结构改造房的关键技术;最后,分析了4种加固节点形式加固前后构件的力学性能。本研究实现了“加固设计—施工—分析”的集成化方法,所提出的节点形式可以有效提高结构的抗震性能。

针对超长悬挑支撑架悬挑主梁分类研究

随着承接项目业态的变化多样,设计结构造型变化也越来越多;超长悬挑结构也越来越多。高空超长悬挑结构模板工程和脚手架工程势必成为工程施工的重难点。研究结合多个项目悬挑长度、悬挑梁截面尺寸、操作空间预留等多方面的因素进行了分析;项目基本采用支撑架和脚手架共用悬挑主梁的方案,结合措施结构深化,品茗安全技术以及方案落地;解决了多个项目的超长悬挑结构施工的难点,同时确保了超长悬挑结构的施工质量和安全。

悬挑架在装配式结构中的应用与研究

外脚手架是重要的施工工具与安全保障措施。相较于传统脚手架,由悬挑支撑及相应的扣件钢管脚手架组合为一个有机整体的悬挑脚手架可以大幅减少材料用量、缩短施工周期,且受施工场地环境的限制较小,能够应用于较高楼层的施工,得到了广泛的应用。依托北京市顺义区某棚户区改造工程项目和大兴区某工程项目,从三角组合型钢悬挑架和花篮螺栓斜拉式悬挑架的施工工艺流程、施工操作要点等方面进行阐述对比,为两种类型的新型悬挑脚手架在装配式结构中的应用提供参考。

劲性结构临边操作平台新型施工方法研究

大部分的钢结构结构建筑在施工过程中大多数无需外脚手架防护体系,但在建筑体量大型化,结构功能、造型多样化的时代,劲性柱在结构临边的情况时,劲性柱的施工仍需像常规混凝土结构施工一样搭设外脚手架,传统的钢管脚手架体系存在材料投入大、架体围护难度大、搭拆周期长等问题,严重影响了主体结构施工进度。研究阐述了一种适用于劲性结构临边操作平台的施工方法,并将其在项目中的应用情况进行分析。

六车道桥隧相接落石防护技术研究

如何有效地控制落石灾害,对确保项目施工安全及运营安全至关重要。基于大跨度桥隧相接实例,针对性地提出系统的落石防护措施;通过数值模拟分析,不受石头冲击作用下钢棚架结构满足规范要求,并提出满足不同设防落石冲击需求的钢拱架参数,为类似工程提供借鉴性的参考。

基于DLP工艺的柔弹性点阵吸能支架研究

面向微小多功能支架结构设计与原型制造需求,开展了基于数字光处理(Digital Light Processing,DLP)快速成形工艺的柔弹性点阵支架设计与制备研究。以胞元结构几何拓扑设计为主线,利用Timoshenko梁理论对胞元结构建立等效力学模型,得到预测能量吸收的数学模型,聚焦分析胞元几何尺寸和承载方向对其影响规律。配置新颖柔弹性光敏树脂为成形材料,选用DLP成形工艺,实现对应点阵结构的高精、高效制备。结合数值模拟和物理实验,着重探究了杆径、胞元边长、点阵层数对点阵结构吸能特性的影响。结果表明,该点阵结构面外压缩较面内压缩具有显著优越的吸能特性,且胞元边长越小,杆径越大,点阵层数越多,吸能特性越佳。理论分析、数值模拟和物理实验所得规律基本一致,可为后续皮肤组织工程支架的研制提供相关理论参考。

大剧院钢屋盖结构吊装焊接分阶段施工技术研究

以陕西榆林大剧院观众厅钢屋盖施工项目为例,依据现场施工状况以及以往的施工经验,结合钢屋盖吊装焊接分阶段施工工艺,从大剧院钢屋盖桁架拼装与焊接胎架设置、钢结构桁架分阶段焊接、大剧院屋面钢结构吊装等方面,有针对性地使用二氧化碳气体保护焊等技术,提高大剧院钢屋盖结构质量,并进行合理验证。结果显示,应用该技术可较好地拼装焊接、吊装大剧院钢屋盖结构,设置胎架具有足够的刚性,钢结构焊接效果较好,焊接接头处焊包外观饱满光滑,并能够与钢材紧密贴合,钢结构整体安装完成并实施竖向荷载后,最大应力比低于1.0,并且竖向最大变形值最高仅为195 mm,完全符合钢结构屋盖吊装焊接施工相关规范的要求,对实际钢屋盖施工具有很好的指导及借鉴作用。