exchange rate:汇率,外汇汇率,指一个国家的货币和另一个国家的货币的比价。中国人民银行每天公布人民币市场汇价。如:market Exchange Rates in RMB yuan set by the People’s Bank ofChina(September 4,1998)Currency Unit RateUS do...exchange rate:汇率,外汇汇率,指一个国家的货币和另一个国家的货币的比价。中国人民银行每天公布人民币市场汇价。如:market Exchange Rates in RMB yuan set by the People’s Bank ofChina(September 4,1998)Currency Unit RateUS dollar 100 828.00Japanese yen 100 6.0291German mark 100 478.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to consider the expected value of a discounted penalty due at ruin in the Erlang(2) risk process under constant interest force. An integro-differential equation satisfied by the expected...The purpose of this paper is to consider the expected value of a discounted penalty due at ruin in the Erlang(2) risk process under constant interest force. An integro-differential equation satisfied by the expected value and a second-order differential equation for the Laplace transform of the expected value are derived. In addition, the paper will present the recursive algorithm for the joint distribution of the surplus immediately before ruin and the deficit at ruin. Finally, by the differential equation, the defective renewal equation and the explicit expression for the expected value are given in the interest-free case.展开更多
文摘exchange rate:汇率,外汇汇率,指一个国家的货币和另一个国家的货币的比价。中国人民银行每天公布人民币市场汇价。如:market Exchange Rates in RMB yuan set by the People’s Bank ofChina(September 4,1998)Currency Unit RateUS dollar 100 828.00Japanese yen 100 6.0291German mark 100 478.
基金supported by the National Natural science Foundation of china(70271069)
文摘The purpose of this paper is to consider the expected value of a discounted penalty due at ruin in the Erlang(2) risk process under constant interest force. An integro-differential equation satisfied by the expected value and a second-order differential equation for the Laplace transform of the expected value are derived. In addition, the paper will present the recursive algorithm for the joint distribution of the surplus immediately before ruin and the deficit at ruin. Finally, by the differential equation, the defective renewal equation and the explicit expression for the expected value are given in the interest-free case.