The search for new biomarkers predictive of type 2 diabetes currently constitutes a research avenue in Bioclinical. Total homocysteine remains a preferred target due to its involvement in the occurrence of degenerativ...The search for new biomarkers predictive of type 2 diabetes currently constitutes a research avenue in Bioclinical. Total homocysteine remains a preferred target due to its involvement in the occurrence of degenerative complications in type 2 diabetics. The aim of this work was to study hyperhomocysteinemia and other biochemical markers associated with T2D in the Congolese population. This was an analytical case-control study carried out between October 2022 and October 2023. The study population consisted of 150 subjects including 100 T2D patients and 50 control subjects. The main clinical data were collected on a pre-established form. Homocysteine determination was carried out by the sandwich ELISA method. The other biochemical markers were measured by colorimetric enzymatic methods. Hyperhomocysteinemia was present in 27.3% (41/150) of the entire study population. Type 2 diabetics had a frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia of 36% (36/100) and control 10% (5/50) (p = 0.001). The mean hyperhomocysteinemia concentration was 31.9 μmol/l with extremes ranging from 18 to 103 μmol/l. Means of biological markers between diabetics and controls showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.01). The risk factors associated with this HHcy were: sex (OR = 3.5), age (OR = 9.4), sedentary lifestyle (OR = 3.4) and glycosylated hemoglobin (OR = 12) with a p-value <0.05 respectively. Our results suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia can be considered as a predictive biomarker in the bioclinic of Congolese type 2 diabetic patients.展开更多
Discourse markers are pervasive in conversation, generally used to facilitate human communication. With respect to different contextual effects that discourse markers have in utterance interpretation, they may functio...Discourse markers are pervasive in conversation, generally used to facilitate human communication. With respect to different contextual effects that discourse markers have in utterance interpretation, they may function subjectively, interactionally or textually.展开更多
Based on the investigation of domestic studies on Discourse Markers （DMs）, this paper summarizes the major researches in this research field, analyzes the present research condition and predicts some future research...Based on the investigation of domestic studies on Discourse Markers （DMs）, this paper summarizes the major researches in this research field, analyzes the present research condition and predicts some future research topics.展开更多
Due to the increasing importance of English language,China has introduced various English competence tests to assessstudents' English language performance as well as to motivate them to learn this language.Based o...Due to the increasing importance of English language,China has introduced various English competence tests to assessstudents' English language performance as well as to motivate them to learn this language.Based on the analysis of a corpus com-prised of ten CET-6(College English Test,Band 6) listening tests(transcripts and test papers),this study aims to examine the ef-fects of discourse markers(DMs) in the listening comprehension test in CET-6,thus providing effective listening strategies for stu-dents and also offering pedagogical suggestions for teachers.The findings indicate that understanding the use of DMs is highly relat-ed to better listening comprehension in the tests.This study suggests that both students and teachers should raise their awarenessof DMs' cognitive effects,and also,teachers need to adopt a communicative language teaching method to help students grasp themeaning and usage of DMs.展开更多
Discourse markers have been studied within the relevance theoretical framework in this paper. According to relevance theory, every act of ostensive communication communicates a presumption of its own optimal relevance...Discourse markers have been studied within the relevance theoretical framework in this paper. According to relevance theory, every act of ostensive communication communicates a presumption of its own optimal relevance. The communicator, who is aiming at optimal relevance, must direct the audience to a particular set of assumptions by using discourse markers. Whereas, from the audience＇s point of view, discourse markers can minimize his contextual assumptions in looking for relevance, thus the pragmatic inferential process will be much easier.展开更多
The present study compares the discourse markers(DMs) of “saying” in Mandarin Chinese ke yi shuo(lit.“can say”) and ying gai shuo(lit.“should say”) with their equivalents in English,by drawing the parallel corpo...The present study compares the discourse markers(DMs) of “saying” in Mandarin Chinese ke yi shuo(lit.“can say”) and ying gai shuo(lit.“should say”) with their equivalents in English,by drawing the parallel corpora from The Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping(Volume III)(henceforth The Works),so as to uncover the pragmatic motivation for the variation in translating the DMs of“saying.” The analysis is conducted within a theoretical framework of speech act theory,by grouping the DMs according to their personal pronouns.Moreover,by comparing the uses of personal pronouns in English and Chinese,the current study confirms that The Works keeps the consistency between the two languages as well as with the characteristics and styles of Deng Xiaoping’s locution.It also finds that modalized DMs of “saying”(e.g.,“I should say”),as a parenthesis,lose their status as matrix clauses and help reduce the tone of affirmation.展开更多
Speaking has long been underestimated in College English education,compared with reading,writing and listening.Even In universities where spoken courses are provided,verbal filler and discourse markers which vastly ex...Speaking has long been underestimated in College English education,compared with reading,writing and listening.Even In universities where spoken courses are provided,verbal filler and discourse markers which vastly exist in native speaker'scorpora are rarely found in these prescribed spoken course books.For the teaching of adjacency pairs,which are always one ofthe focuses in teaching conversation skills in College English spoken program,students are required to make up a new one basedon the given scenario after they have memorized model dialogues.Unfortunately,students always experience pragmatic difficultywhen they interact with people in the real world if they are guided by this approach.This article suggests a triangle which is com-posed of exposure,instruction and practice to teach verbal filler,discourse markers and adjacency pairs.This triangle combinesboth direct approach and indirect approach.Furthermore,in spoken program,English teachers can adapt spoken course books tointegrate features of authentic conversations.展开更多
The term “discourse markers”(DMs in short) was raised in the 1970s and 1980s. Fraser, a linguist, believes DMs have no truth-conditional meaning which means DMs do not change the prepositional meaning of the sentenc...The term “discourse markers”(DMs in short) was raised in the 1970s and 1980s. Fraser, a linguist, believes DMs have no truth-conditional meaning which means DMs do not change the prepositional meaning of the sentence. He classifies DMs into three categories: discourse topic markers, discourse activity markers, and message relationship markers. It can be concluded that in conference interpreting, DMs explicit internal structures in three aspects: parallel relation, contractive relation, and elaborative relation based on the analysis of DMs in rendition of Premier Li Keqiang’s press conference from 2014 to 2017.展开更多
This is a mini study of the variation of the use of discourse markers by the age dimension.The study finds salient differences in the choice and frequency of use of discourse markers between elder and younger native A...This is a mini study of the variation of the use of discourse markers by the age dimension.The study finds salient differences in the choice and frequency of use of discourse markers between elder and younger native American English speakers.Younger and female speakers have a more extensive choice of tokens and use them much more frequently.EFL learners should adopt more discourse markers in target language interaction,as it could be a sign of fluency.展开更多
This study aims at investigating errors which occur in the subtitling of discourse markers from English into Arabic in the subtitles of two movies,Wonder and Seven.Specifically,this study investigates the subtitling o...This study aims at investigating errors which occur in the subtitling of discourse markers from English into Arabic in the subtitles of two movies,Wonder and Seven.Specifically,this study investigates the subtitling of five discourse markers,namely,well,yeah,you know,so,and oh by two movie websites,Netflix and Egybest.The findings reveal that two major errors occurred in the subtitles of the two movies,which are omission and wrong equivalence.The findings also show that omission occurred more frequently than wrong equivalence when subtitling these five discourse markers from English into Arabic.展开更多
Discourse markers are a common discourse phenomenon that is now widely used in spoken and written language.For the study of discourse markers,all major schools have their own characteristics and advantages.The unique ...Discourse markers are a common discourse phenomenon that is now widely used in spoken and written language.For the study of discourse markers,all major schools have their own characteristics and advantages.The unique understanding of the cogni?tive characteristics and process of human communicative activities fully demonstrates the rationale for the existence of discourse markers.The pragmatic role of discourse markers in the process of discourse generation and discourse comprehension points out a new direction for the study of discourse markers.This paper draws on the relevant viewpoints of relevance theory and attempts to explore the discourse markers to illustrate that the unique interpretation of the discourse markers of relevance theory has broad ap?plication prospects.展开更多
文摘The search for new biomarkers predictive of type 2 diabetes currently constitutes a research avenue in Bioclinical. Total homocysteine remains a preferred target due to its involvement in the occurrence of degenerative complications in type 2 diabetics. The aim of this work was to study hyperhomocysteinemia and other biochemical markers associated with T2D in the Congolese population. This was an analytical case-control study carried out between October 2022 and October 2023. The study population consisted of 150 subjects including 100 T2D patients and 50 control subjects. The main clinical data were collected on a pre-established form. Homocysteine determination was carried out by the sandwich ELISA method. The other biochemical markers were measured by colorimetric enzymatic methods. Hyperhomocysteinemia was present in 27.3% (41/150) of the entire study population. Type 2 diabetics had a frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia of 36% (36/100) and control 10% (5/50) (p = 0.001). The mean hyperhomocysteinemia concentration was 31.9 μmol/l with extremes ranging from 18 to 103 μmol/l. Means of biological markers between diabetics and controls showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.01). The risk factors associated with this HHcy were: sex (OR = 3.5), age (OR = 9.4), sedentary lifestyle (OR = 3.4) and glycosylated hemoglobin (OR = 12) with a p-value <0.05 respectively. Our results suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia can be considered as a predictive biomarker in the bioclinic of Congolese type 2 diabetic patients.
文摘Discourse markers are pervasive in conversation, generally used to facilitate human communication. With respect to different contextual effects that discourse markers have in utterance interpretation, they may function subjectively, interactionally or textually.
文摘Based on the investigation of domestic studies on Discourse Markers （DMs）, this paper summarizes the major researches in this research field, analyzes the present research condition and predicts some future research topics.
文摘Due to the increasing importance of English language,China has introduced various English competence tests to assessstudents' English language performance as well as to motivate them to learn this language.Based on the analysis of a corpus com-prised of ten CET-6(College English Test,Band 6) listening tests(transcripts and test papers),this study aims to examine the ef-fects of discourse markers(DMs) in the listening comprehension test in CET-6,thus providing effective listening strategies for stu-dents and also offering pedagogical suggestions for teachers.The findings indicate that understanding the use of DMs is highly relat-ed to better listening comprehension in the tests.This study suggests that both students and teachers should raise their awarenessof DMs' cognitive effects,and also,teachers need to adopt a communicative language teaching method to help students grasp themeaning and usage of DMs.
文摘Discourse markers have been studied within the relevance theoretical framework in this paper. According to relevance theory, every act of ostensive communication communicates a presumption of its own optimal relevance. The communicator, who is aiming at optimal relevance, must direct the audience to a particular set of assumptions by using discourse markers. Whereas, from the audience＇s point of view, discourse markers can minimize his contextual assumptions in looking for relevance, thus the pragmatic inferential process will be much easier.
文摘The present study compares the discourse markers(DMs) of “saying” in Mandarin Chinese ke yi shuo(lit.“can say”) and ying gai shuo(lit.“should say”) with their equivalents in English,by drawing the parallel corpora from The Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping(Volume III)(henceforth The Works),so as to uncover the pragmatic motivation for the variation in translating the DMs of“saying.” The analysis is conducted within a theoretical framework of speech act theory,by grouping the DMs according to their personal pronouns.Moreover,by comparing the uses of personal pronouns in English and Chinese,the current study confirms that The Works keeps the consistency between the two languages as well as with the characteristics and styles of Deng Xiaoping’s locution.It also finds that modalized DMs of “saying”(e.g.,“I should say”),as a parenthesis,lose their status as matrix clauses and help reduce the tone of affirmation.
文摘Speaking has long been underestimated in College English education,compared with reading,writing and listening.Even In universities where spoken courses are provided,verbal filler and discourse markers which vastly exist in native speaker'scorpora are rarely found in these prescribed spoken course books.For the teaching of adjacency pairs,which are always one ofthe focuses in teaching conversation skills in College English spoken program,students are required to make up a new one basedon the given scenario after they have memorized model dialogues.Unfortunately,students always experience pragmatic difficultywhen they interact with people in the real world if they are guided by this approach.This article suggests a triangle which is com-posed of exposure,instruction and practice to teach verbal filler,discourse markers and adjacency pairs.This triangle combinesboth direct approach and indirect approach.Furthermore,in spoken program,English teachers can adapt spoken course books tointegrate features of authentic conversations.
文摘The term “discourse markers”(DMs in short) was raised in the 1970s and 1980s. Fraser, a linguist, believes DMs have no truth-conditional meaning which means DMs do not change the prepositional meaning of the sentence. He classifies DMs into three categories: discourse topic markers, discourse activity markers, and message relationship markers. It can be concluded that in conference interpreting, DMs explicit internal structures in three aspects: parallel relation, contractive relation, and elaborative relation based on the analysis of DMs in rendition of Premier Li Keqiang’s press conference from 2014 to 2017.
文摘This is a mini study of the variation of the use of discourse markers by the age dimension.The study finds salient differences in the choice and frequency of use of discourse markers between elder and younger native American English speakers.Younger and female speakers have a more extensive choice of tokens and use them much more frequently.EFL learners should adopt more discourse markers in target language interaction,as it could be a sign of fluency.
文摘This study aims at investigating errors which occur in the subtitling of discourse markers from English into Arabic in the subtitles of two movies,Wonder and Seven.Specifically,this study investigates the subtitling of five discourse markers,namely,well,yeah,you know,so,and oh by two movie websites,Netflix and Egybest.The findings reveal that two major errors occurred in the subtitles of the two movies,which are omission and wrong equivalence.The findings also show that omission occurred more frequently than wrong equivalence when subtitling these five discourse markers from English into Arabic.
文摘Discourse markers are a common discourse phenomenon that is now widely used in spoken and written language.For the study of discourse markers,all major schools have their own characteristics and advantages.The unique understanding of the cogni?tive characteristics and process of human communicative activities fully demonstrates the rationale for the existence of discourse markers.The pragmatic role of discourse markers in the process of discourse generation and discourse comprehension points out a new direction for the study of discourse markers.This paper draws on the relevant viewpoints of relevance theory and attempts to explore the discourse markers to illustrate that the unique interpretation of the discourse markers of relevance theory has broad ap?plication prospects.
