Avoiding the Use of Lagrange Multipliers. II. Constrained Extrema of Functionals and the Evaluation of Constrained Derivatives

A method for determining the extrema of a real-valued and differentiable function for which its dependent variables are subject to constraints and that avoided the use of Lagrange multipliers was previously presented (Corti and Fariello, Op. Res. Forum 2 (2021) 59). The method made use of projection matrices, and a corresponding Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process, to identify the constrained extrema. Furthermore, information about the second-derivatives of the given function with constraints was generated, from which the nature of the constrained extrema could be determined, again without knowledge of the Lagrange multipliers. Here, the method is extended to the case of functional derivatives with constraints. In addition, constrained first-order and second-order derivatives of the function are generated, in which the derivatives with respect to a given variable are obtained and, concomitantly, the effect of the variations of the remaining chosen set of dependent variables are strictly accounted for. These constrained derivatives are valid not only at the extrema points, and also provide another equivalent route for the determination of the constrained extrema and their nature.

Computation of the Schrödinger Equation via the Discrete Derivatives Representation Method: Improvement of Solutions Using Particle Swarm Optimization

We develop the discrete derivatives representation method (DDR) to find the physical structures of the Schr?dinger equation in which the interpolation polynomial of Bernstein has been used. In this paper the particle swarm optimization (PSO for short) has been suggested as a means to improve qualitatively the solu-tions. This approach is carefully handled and tested with a numerical example.

IMPULSIVE EXPONENTIAL SYNCHRONIZATION OF FRACTIONAL-ORDER COMPLEX DYNAMICAL NETWORKS WITH DERIVATIVE COUPLINGS VIA FEEDBACK CONTROL BASED ON DISCRETE TIME STATE OBSERVATIONS

This article aims to address the global exponential synchronization problem for fractional-order complex dynamical networks(FCDNs)with derivative couplings and impulse effects via designing an appropriate feedback control based on discrete time state observations.In contrast to the existing works on integer-order derivative couplings,fractional derivative couplings are introduced into FCDNs.First,a useful lemma with respect to the relationship between the discrete time observations term and a continuous term is developed.Second,by utilizing an inequality technique and auxiliary functions,the rigorous global exponential synchronization analysis is given and synchronization criterions are achieved in terms of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs).Finally,two examples are provided to illustrate the correctness of the obtained results.

HIGHER RADIAL DERIVATIVE OF BLOCH TYPE FUNCTIONS

In this paper, The integral characterizations of alpha-Bloch (little alpha-Bloch) axe given in terms of higher radial derivative, and their characterizations of Caxleson type measure are obtained.

Integral Inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard Type for Functions Whose 3rd Derivatives Are <i>s</i>-Convex

In the paper, the authors find some new inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for functions whose third derivatives are s-convex and apply these inequalities to discover inequalities for special means.

Development of an improved three-dimensional rough discrete fracture network model:Method and application

Structure plane is one of the important factors affecting the stability and failure mode of rock mass engineering.Rock mass structure characterization is the basic work of rock mechanics research and the important content of numerical simulation.A new 3-dimensional rough discrete fracture network(RDFN3D)model and its modeling method based on the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot(W-M)function were presented in this paper.The RDFN3D model,which improves and unifies the modelling methods for the complex structural planes,has been realized.The influence of fractal dimension,amplitude,and surface precision on the modeling parameters of RDFN3D was discussed.The reasonable W-M parameters suitable for the roughness coefficient of JRC were proposed,and the relationship between the mathematical model and the joint characterization was established.The RDFN3D together with the smooth 3-dimensional discrete fracture network(DFN3D)models were successfully exported to the drawing exchange format,which will provide a wide application in numerous numerical simulation codes including both the continuous and discontinuous methods.The numerical models were discussed using the COMSOL Multiphysics code and the 3-dimensional particle flow code,respectively.The reliability of the RDFN3D model was preliminarily discussed and analyzed.The roughness and spatial connectivity of the fracture networks have a dominant effect on the fluid flow patterns.The research results can provide a new geological model and analysis model for numerical simulation and engineering analysis of jointed rock mass.

Stabilization of discrete nonlinear systems based on control Lyapunov functions

The stabilization of discrete nonlinear systems is studied. Based on control Lyapunov functions, a sufficient and necessary condition for a quadratic function to be a control Lyapunov function is given. From this condition, a continuous state feedback law is constructed explicitly. It can globally asymptotically stabilize the equilibrium of the closed-loop system. A simulation example shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.

High-Order Radial Derivatives of Harmonic Function and Gravity Anomaly

The first through ninth radial derivatives of a harmonic function and gravity anomaly are derived in this paper. These derivatives can be used in the analytical continuation application. For the downward continuation of gravity anomaly, the Taylor series approach developed in the paper is equivalent theoretically to but more efficient and storage-saving computationally than the well-known gradient operator approach. Numerical simulation shows that Taylor series expansion constructed by the derived formulas for the radial derivatives of gravity disturbance is still convergent for height up to 4 km.

On the Variational Problems of the Functionals with Derivatives of Higher Orders and Undetermined Boundary

According to the necessary condition of the functional taking the extremum, that is its first variation is equal to zero, the variational problems of the functionals for the undetermined boundary in the calculus of variations are researched, the functionals depend on single argument, arbitrary unknown functions and their derivatives of higher orders. A new view point is posed and demonstrated, i.e. when the first variation of the functional is equal to zero, all the variational terms are not independent to each other, and at least one of them is equal to zero. Some theorems and corollaries of the variational problems of the functionals are obtained.

A New Definition for Generalized First Derivative of Nonsmooth Functions

In this paper, we define a functional optimization problem corresponding to smooth functions which its optimal solution is first derivative of these functions in a domain. These functional optimization problems are applied for non-smooth functions which by solving these problems we obtain a kind of generalized first derivatives. For this purpose, a linear programming problem corresponding functional optimization problem is obtained which their optimal solutions give the approximate generalized first derivative. We show the efficiency of our approach by obtaining derivative and generalized derivative of some smooth and nonsmooth functions respectively in some illustrative examples.

Dynamics of a Discrete Predator-Prey System with Beddington-DeAngelis Function Response

This paper discusses the dynamic behaviors of a discrete predator-prey system with Beddington-DeAngelis function response. We first show that under some suitable assumption, the system is permanent. Furthermore, by constructing a suitable Lyapunov function, a sufficient condition which guarantee the global attractivity of positive solutions of the system is

Periodic Solutions for a Class of Neutral Functional Differential Equations with Distributed and Discrete Delays

Based on Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem,matrix measure and functional analysis methods,some new sufficient conditions for the existence of periodic solutions of neutral functional differential equations with distributed and discrete delays are obtained. Moreover,we construct an example to illustrate the feasibility of our results.

Some Inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard Type for Functions Whose 3rd Derivatives Are <i>P</i>-Convex

In the paper, the authors establish some new Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for functions whose 3rd derivatives are P-convex.

The Normal Meromorphic Functions Family Concerning Higher Order Derivative and Shared Set by One-Way

Let F be a meromorphic functions family on the unit disc Δ, If for every (the zeros of f is a multiplicity of at least k) and if then and ( ), then F is normal on Δ.

The Higher Derivatives of Bianalytic Functions

By using the Cauchy integral formula of bianalytic functions, the formula of higher derivatives of bianalytic functions and Weierstrass Theorem are obtained.

Techniques of Discrete Function Transfers into Continuous Function in Practice

One confusing question over a long period of time is how transfer the discrete function transfers into continuous function. Recently the issue has been resolved but some details of the transformation process will be introduced in the paper. The correlation coefficients of 100,000 values are established from the two groups of data with the range between -1 and 1, creating a histogram from these correlation coefficient values known as “the probability mass function.” The coefficient values are brought into the discrete distribution function, so that transfers into the discrete cumulative function, next converted into a continuous cumulative function, next which is differentiated to get the density function, so that it is easy to being research analysis. A model will be established during the process of the conversion what the medium is “the least squares algorithm.” Finally, when the integral of the area within the range of the density function equals to 1, this implies that the transformation complete succeeds from the discrete function to the continuous function.

HAAR EXPANSIONS OF A CLASS OF FRACTAL INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS AND THEIR LOGICAL DERIVATIVES

In this paper,we study a special class of fractal interpolation functions,and give their Haar-wavelet expansions.On the basis of the expansions,we investigate the H(o|¨)lder smoothness of such functions and their logical derivatives of order α.

SIMULTANEOUSE APPROXIMATION TO A DIFFERENTIABLE FUNCTION AND ITS DERIVATIVES BY LAGRANGE INTERPOLATING POLYNOMIALS

This paper establishes the following pointwise result for simultancous Lagrange imterpolating approxima- tion:,then |f^(k)(x)-P_n^(k)(f,x)|=O(1)△_n^(q-k)(x)ω where P_n(f,x)is the Lagrange interpolating potynomial of deereeon the nodes X_nUY_n(see the definition of the next).

ON THE POINTWISE ESTIMATIONS OF APPROXIMATION OF FUNCTIONS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES BY HERMITE INTERPOLATION

The object of this paper is to establish the pointwise estimations of approximation of functions in C^1 and their derivatives by Hermite interpolation polynomials. The given orders have been proved to be exact in gen- eral.

The derivative-dependent functional variable separation for the evolution equations

This paper studies variable separation of the evolution equations via the generalized conditional symmetry. To illustrate, we classify the extended nonlinear wave equation utt = A（u, ux）uxx＋B（u, ux, ut） which admits the derivative- dependent functional separable solutions （DDFSSs）. We also extend the concept of the DDFSS to cover other variable separation approaches.