Hybrid discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm for capacitated vehicle routing problem

Capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) is an NP-hard problem. For large-scale problems, it is quite difficult to achieve an optimal solution with traditional optimization methods due to the high computational complexity. A new hybrid ap- proximation algorithm is developed in this work to solve the problem. In the hybrid algorithm, discrete particle swarm optimiza- tion (DPSO) combines global search and local search to search for the optimal results and simulated annealing (SA) uses certain probability to avoid being trapped in a local optimum. The computational study showed that the proposed algorithm is a feasible and effective approach for capacitated vehicle routing problem, especially for large scale problems.

A New Clustering Algorithm Using Adaptive Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization in Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are mainly characterized by their limited and non-replenishable energy supply. Hence, the energy efficiency of the infrastructure greatly affects the network lifetime. Clustering is one of the methods that can expand the lifespan of the whole network by grouping the sensor nodes according to some criteria and choosing the appropriate cluster heads(CHs). The balanced load of the CHs has an important effect on the energy consumption balancing and lifespan of the whole network. Therefore, a new CHs election method is proposed using an adaptive discrete particle swarm optimization (ADPSO) algorithm with a fitness value function considering the load balancing and energy consumption. Simulation results not only demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can have better performance in load balancing than low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), hybrid energy-efficient distributed clustering (HEED), and dynamic clustering algorithm with balanced load (DCBL), but also imply that the proposed algorithm can extend the network lifetime more.

Service composition based on discrete particle swarm optimization in military organization cloud cooperation

This paper addresses the problem of service composition in military organization cloud cooperation(MOCC). Military service providers(MSP) cooperate together to provide military resources for military service users(MSU). A group of atom services, each of which has its level of quality of service(QoS), can be combined together into a certain structure to form a composite service. Since there are a large number of atom services having the same function, the atom service is selected to participate in the composite service so as to fulfill users' will. In this paper a method based on discrete particle swarm optimization(DPSO) is proposed to tackle this problem. The method aims at selecting atom services from service repositories to constitute the composite service, satisfying the MSU's requirement on QoS. Since the QoS criteria include location-aware criteria and location-independent criteria, this method aims to get the composite service with the highest location-aware criteria and the best-match location-independent criteria. Simulations show that the DPSO has a better performance compared with the standard particle swarm optimization(PSO) and genetic algorithm(GA).

Novel Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Huge Value Penalty for Solving Engineering Problem

For the purpose of solving the engineering constrained discrete optimization problem, a novel discrete particle swarm optimization(DPSO) is proposed. The proposed novel DPSO is based on the idea of normal particle swarm optimization(PSO), but deals with the variables as discrete type, the discrete optimum solution is found through updating the location of discrete variable. To avoid long calculation time and improve the efficiency of algorithm, scheme of constraint level and huge value penalty are proposed to deal with the constraints, the stratagem of reproducing the new particles and best keeping model of particle are employed to increase the diversity of particles. The validity of the proposed DPSO is examined by benchmark numerical examples, the results show that the novel DPSO has great advantages over current algorithm. The optimum designs of the 100?1 500 mm bellows under 0.25 MPa are fulfilled by DPSO. Comparing the optimization results with the bellows in-service, optimization results by discrete penalty particle swarm optimization(DPPSO) and theory solution, the comparison result shows that the global discrete optima of bellows are obtained by proposed DPSO, and confirms that the proposed novel DPSO and schemes can be used to solve the engineering constrained discrete problem successfully.

RESEARCH ON OPTIMIZING THE MERGING RESULTS OF MULTIPLE INDEPENDENT RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS BY A DISCRETE PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION

The result merging for multiple Independent Resource Retrieval Systems (IRRSs), which is a key component in developing a meta-search engine, is a difficult problem that still not effectively solved. Most of the existing result merging methods, usually suffered a great influence from the usefulness weight of different IRRS results and overlap rate among them. In this paper, we proposed a scheme that being capable of coalescing and optimizing a group of existing multi-sources-retrieval merging results effectively by Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO). The experimental results show that the DPSO, not only can overall outperform all the other result merging algorithms it employed, but also has better adaptability in application for unnecessarily taking into account different IRRS's usefulness weight and their overlap rate with respect to a concrete query. Compared to other result merging algorithms it employed, the DPSO's recognition precision can increase nearly 24.6%, while the precision standard deviation for different queries can decrease about 68.3%.

Optimizing the Multi-Objective Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm by Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Algorithm

Deep deterministic policy gradient(DDPG)has been proved to be effective in optimizing particle swarm optimization(PSO),but whether DDPG can optimize multi-objective discrete particle swarm optimization(MODPSO)remains to be determined.The present work aims to probe into this topic.Experiments showed that the DDPG can not only quickly improve the convergence speed of MODPSO,but also overcome the problem of local optimal solution that MODPSO may suffer.The research findings are of great significance for the theoretical research and application of MODPSO.

Dynamic Weapon Target Assignment Based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Entropy of Discrete Particle Swarm

Aiming at the problems of convergence-slow and convergence-free of Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm(DPSO) in solving large scale or complicated discrete problem, this article proposes Intuitionistic Fuzzy Entropy of Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization(IFDPSO) and makes it applied to Dynamic Weapon Target Assignment(WTA). First, the strategy of choosing intuitionistic fuzzy parameters of particle swarm is defined, making intuitionistic fuzzy entropy as a basic parameter for measure and velocity mutation. Second, through analyzing the defects of DPSO, an adjusting parameter for balancing two cognition, velocity mutation mechanism and position mutation strategy are designed, and then two sets of improved and derivative algorithms for IFDPSO are put forward, which ensures the IFDPSO possibly search as much as possible sub-optimal positions and its neighborhood and the algorithm ability of searching global optimal value in solving large scale 0-1 knapsack problem is intensified. Third, focusing on the problem of WTA, some parameters including dynamic parameter for shifting firepower and constraints are designed to solve the problems of weapon target assignment. In addition, WTA Optimization Model with time and resource constraints is finally set up, which also intensifies the algorithm ability of searching global and local best value in the solution of WTA problem. Finally, the superiority of IFDPSO is proved by several simulation experiments. Particularly, IFDPSO, IFDPSO1~IFDPSO3 are respectively effective in solving large scale, medium scale or strict constraint problems such as 0-1 knapsack problem and WTA problem.

Optimal Formation Reconfiguration Control of Multiple UCAVs Using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization

Optimal formation reconfiguration control of multiple Uninhabited Combat Air Vehicles (UCAVs) is a complicated global optimum problem. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a population based stochastic optimization technique inspired by social behaviour of bird flocking or fish schooling. PSO can achieve better results in a faster, cheaper way compared with other bio-inspired computational methods, and there are few parameters to adjust in PSO. In this paper, we propose an improved PSO model for solving the optimal formation reconfiguration control problem for multiple UCAVs. Firstly, the Control Parameteri- zation and Time Discretization (CPTD) method is designed in detail. Then, the mutation strategy and a special mutation-escape operator are adopted in the improved PSO model to make particles explore the search space more efficiently. The proposed strategy can produce a large speed value dynamically according to the variation of the speed, which makes the algorithm explore the local and global minima thoroughly at the same time. Series experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method in solving the optimal formation reconfiguration control problem for multiple UCAVs.

Particle Swarm Optimization and Its Application in Transmission Network Expansion Planning

The author introduced particle swarm optimization as a new method for power transmission network expansion planning. A new discrete method for particle swarm optimization, was developed, which is suitable for power transmission network expansion planning, and requires less computer s memory. The optimization fitness function construction, parameter selection, convergence judgement, and their characters were analyzed. Numerical simulation demonstrated the effectiveness and correctness of the method, This paper provides an academic and practical basis of particle swarm optimization in application of transmission network expansion planning for further investigation.

Study on attitude determination based on discrete particle swarm optimization

Attitude determination is a key technology in aerospace, sailing and land-navigation etc. In the method of double difference phase measurement, it is a crucial topic to solve the carrier phase integer ambiguity, which is shown to be a combination optimization problem, and thus efficient heuristic algorithms are needed. In this paper, we propose a discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO)-based solution which aims at searching for the optimal integer ambiguity directly without decorrelation of ambiguity, and computing the baseline vector consequently. A novel flat binary particle encoding approach and corresponding revision operation are presented. Furthermore, domain knowledge is incorporated to significantly improve the convergence rate. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms a classic algorithm by up to 80% in time efficiency with solution quality guaranteed. The experiment results show that this algorithm is efficient, robust, and suitable for dynamic attitude determination.

Delay-area trade-off for MPRM circuits based on hybrid discrete particle swarm optimization

Polarity optimization for mixed polarity Reed-Muller(MPRM) circuits is a combinatorial issue.Based on the study on discrete particle swarm optimization(DPSO) and mixed polarity,the corresponding relation between particle and mixed polarity is established,and the delay-area trade-off of large-scale MPRM circuits is proposed. Firstly,mutation operation and elitist strategy in genetic algorithm are incorporated into DPSO to further develop a hybrid DPSO(HDPSO).Then the best polarity for delay and area trade-off is searched for large-scale MPRM circuits by combining the HDPSO and a delay estimation model.Finally,the proposed algorithm is testified by MCNC Benchmarks.Experimental results show that HDPSO achieves a better convergence than DPSO in terms of search capability for large-scale MPRM circuits.

Discretization Algorithm Based on Particle Swarm Optimization and Its Application in Attributes Reduction for Fault Data

In order to increase the fault diagnosis efficiency and make the fault data mining be realized, the decision table containing numerical attributes must be discretized for further calculations. The discernibility matrix-based reduction method depends on whether the numerical attributes can be properly discretized or not.So a discretization algorithm based on particle swarm optimization(PSO) is proposed. Moreover, hybrid weights are adopted in the process of particles evolution. Comparative calculations for certain equipment are completed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm has better performance than other popular algorithms such as class-attribute interdependence maximization(CAIM)discretization method and entropy-based discretization method.

Optimal Allocation of a Hybrid Wind Energy-Fuel Cell System Using Different Optimization Techniques in the Egyptian Distribution Network

This paper presents an optimal proposed allocating procedure for hybrid wind energy combined with proton exchange membrane fuel cell (WE/PEMFC) system to improve the operation performance of the electrical distribution system (EDS). Egypt has an excellent wind regime with wind speeds of about 10 m/s at many areas. The disadvantage of wind energy is its seasonal variations. So, if wind power is to supply a significant portion of the demand, either backup power or electrical energy storage (EES) system is needed to ensure that loads will be supplied in reliable way. So, the hybrid WE/PEMFC system is designed to completely supply a part of the Egyptian distribution system, in attempt to isolate it from the grid. However, the optimal allocation of the hybrid units is obtained, in order to enhance their benefits in the distribution networks. The critical buses that are necessary to install the hybrid WE/ PEMFC system, are chosen using sensitivity analysis. Then, the binary Crow search algorithm (BCSA), discrete Jaya algorithm (DJA) and binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) techniques are proposed to determine the optimal operation of power systems using single and multi-objective functions (SOF/MOF). Then, the results of the three optimization techniques are compared with each other. Three sensitivity factors are employed in this paper, which are voltage sensitivity factor (VSF), active losses sensitivity factor (ALSF) and reactive losses sensitivity factor (RLSF). The effects of the sensitivity factors (SFs) on the SOF/MOF are studied. The improvement of voltage profile and minimizing active and reactive power losses of the EDS are considered as objective functions. Backward/forward sweep (BFS) method is used for the load flow calculations. The system load demand is predicted up to year 2022 for Mersi-Matrouh City as a part of Egyptian distribution network, and the design of the hybrid WE/PEMFC system is applied. The PEMFC system is designed considering simplified mathematical expressions. The economics of operation of both WE and PEMFC system are also presented. The results prove the capability of the proposed procedure to find the optimal allocation for the hybrid WE/PEMFC system to improve the system voltage profile and to minimize both active and reactive power losses for the EDS of Mersi-Matrough City.

一种基于改进SA-DPSO的装备测试性优化设计方法

为了解决测试性设计中测试优化选择这一非确定性多项式难题(non-deterministic polynomial hard,NPhard),提出一种改进模拟退火-离散粒子群算法(simulated annealing-discrete particle swarm optimization,SADPSO)用于求解最优完备测试集。该算法首先以离散粒子群算法(DPSO)为基础框架,采用异步变化的学习因子,产生时变的压缩因子,以增强DPSO算法的全局搜索能力,确保其收敛性,并取消了对速度的边界限制;然后,与具有概率突跳能力的模拟退火算法(SA)相结合,以避免DPSO算法在求解过程中陷入局部最优;最终,基于对某发控系统测试点进行优选,经验证,所提算法能够显著提升测试优化效率。

基于改进DPSO的故障下多无人机协同任务规划

针对故障后多无人机协同任务规划问题,提出了一种基于改进离散粒子群算法并结合匈牙利算法的任务重分配方法。首先,采用匈牙利算法进行故障下无人机队形的快速重新排列;然后,引入柯西算子提升离散粒子群算法的全局搜索能力,以增强搜索空间,同时,还提出了非线性时变的变异策略,加快算法的收敛速度,综合改进的离散粒子群算法不仅加快了收敛速度,并且解的最优性也得到了提高,此外,在分配过程中,考虑了环境障碍信息,分配结果更贴近实际也更加合理;最后,运用基本粒子群算法进行无人机的航迹规划,并在三维空间中进行了仿真实验,结果表明:所设计的算法能够有效提升任务分配的寻优结果,为多无人机出现故障后协同任务分配问题提供了理论依据。

基于改进DPSO非退出故障下多无人机任务规划

针对非退出故障下多无人机(unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV)协同任务规划问题,提出了一种基于混合策略改进的离散粒子群算法(mixed strategy improved discrete particle swarm optimization,MSDPSO)。该方法首先采用Sobol序列进行种群初始化,提高解空间的覆盖率;然后,提出非线性时变策略,加快算法的收敛速度;并引入柯西算子,增强离散粒子群算法的搜索空间;同时,还提出自适应交叉学习策略,丰富种群多样性,进而提升算法的全局寻优能力。综合改进的离散粒子群算法不仅加快了收敛速度,并且解的最优性也得到了提高。此外,运用三次样条插值算法进行无人机航迹规划,最后,将改进算法在三维空间中进行无人机故障前后的对比仿真实验,结果表明:所设计的算法具有显著的寻优有效性,为部分无人机发生轻微故障后,多机协同执行任务规划的问题提供了理论依据。

基于离散粒子群算法的管道保温结构优化研究

针对目前管道保温结构优化算法不稳定、结果优化程度不高的问题,建立以经济效益为目标函数,以满足国家散热损失标准等条件为约束函数的离散型数学模型。以BPSO算法为基础改变其位置更新规则,防止种群进化失效;采用自适应权重增加粒子的全局和局部搜索能力;充分利用模拟退火算法的思想避免出现早熟现象。应用改进的算法分别对普通蒸汽管道和核电站的蒸汽管道进行系统仿真实验。结果表明,该算法能够在满足国家散热损失标准等条件下取得最优解,可以为管道保温结构提供合理的优化方案。

电力系统机组启停优化问题的改进DPSO算法

该文从微粒群优化算法的原理和机组组合问题的特点出发,提出了一种适合机组启停优化问题求解的改进的离散二进制微粒群优化算法(DPSO):文中结合机组启停优化问题的特点,采用改进的DPSO 算法对机组的开停机状态进行优化组合,利用随机的顺序投入法初始化原始种群,将无希望/重希望准则引入搜索过程,通过重新初始化机制与变异操作克服DPSO 易于陷入局部最优的缺点,并保证机组的开停状态组合满足单机约束和系统约束。保证搜索在问题的可行域进行。对2 个算例系统的仿真计算及与其它方法的比较表明,该算法在搜索精度和搜索速度方面均具有很大的优越性。此算法兼顾了收敛速度和收敛精度2 个方面,具有很好的适应性。这种寻优的方式不仅为机组启停优化问题带来了新的解决思路,对于求解更广泛的组合优化问题亦具有普遍的意义。