A slightly modified central atoms model was proposed. The probabilities of various clusters with the central atoms and their nearest neighboring shells can be calculated neglecting the assumption of the parameter of e...A slightly modified central atoms model was proposed. The probabilities of various clusters with the central atoms and their nearest neighboring shells can be calculated neglecting the assumption of the parameter of energy in the central atoms model in proportion to the number of other atoms i (referred with the central atom). A parameter P α is proposed in this model, which equals to reciprocal of activity coefficient of α component, therefore, the new model can be understood easily. By this model, the Al Zn phase diagram and its thermodynamic properties were calculated, the results coincide with the experimental data.展开更多
Clinical indications for herbal drugs very often only rely on traditional knowledge. Single plant-derived preparations are used for many purposes and cannot be classified to belong to a single category like calming or...Clinical indications for herbal drugs very often only rely on traditional knowledge. Single plant-derived preparations are used for many purposes and cannot be classified to belong to a single category like calming or stimulating drugs. With respect to the brain a unique possibility exists to analyze drug effects by recording the EEG. It is common knowledge that many drugs change the frequency content of electric brain activity. Quantitative analysis of the EEG by Fast Fourier Transformation reveals parameters like spectral power, which can be processed further (CATEEM®). Source density was determined from 17 channels of the quantitative EEG from 10 clinical studies recorded in a relaxed state with open eyes. Linear discriminant analysis was used to differentiate the effects of Placebo (circadian rhythm) from CNS-active herbal drugs in comparison to Valium®. Calmvalera®, L-Theanine, Lasea®, Neurapas®, Neuravena®, Neurexan®, Nutrifin Relax®, Pascoflair®(herbal calming drugs) as well as memoLoges®, Zembrin®(herbal stimulating drugs) induced different changes of the frequency content of brain electric activity. Discriminant analysis revealed that Nutrifin Relax®, Pascoflair®and Suntheanine®could not be separated well from each other indicating a similar mechanism of action. The effect of Valium®was projected at a very isolated position far away from the herbal preparations indicating a totally different mechanism of action. Zembrin®and memoLoges®grouped together with respect to the first three discriminant functions, but were different with respect to the 4th to 6th discriminant function. Lasea®as anxiolytic drug and Neurapas®as antidepressive drug were projected at isolated positions indicating their different clinical indications. The results indicate that discriminant analysis of human quantitative EEG data allows for unique pharmacological description of individual effect profiles of herbal drugs.展开更多
This study presents new major,trace and REE data for thirty-five ferromanganese nodules recovered from areas representing three different sediment types(siliceous,red clay and their transition zone)in the Central Indi...This study presents new major,trace and REE data for thirty-five ferromanganese nodules recovered from areas representing three different sediment types(siliceous,red clay and their transition zone)in the Central Indian Ocean Basin(CIOB)to address their genetic aspects,classification,growth rate,nature of host sediments and influence of REE in the processes of nodule formation.The nodules from CIOB are mostly either hydrogenetic(metals coming from oxygenated bottom water)and diagenetic(metals coming from suboxic sediment pore water)or a combination of both,depending on the source of supply of metal.However,a number of biogeochemical processes mediate this supply of metals which again changes from time to time,making the nodule growth process highly dynamic.This study suggests that at the initial stage of nodule growth,host sediments do not play much role in controlling the growth processes for which REEs can enter both Mn and Fe oxyhydroxide phases equally.Thus,the bottom water signature is imprinted in these early formed nodules irrespective of their host sediment substrate but with gradual growth and burial in the sediment,the main mode of metal enrichment becomes diagenetic through sediment pore water.This tends to increase the concentration of Mn,Ni and Cu over other elements which are retained in the sediment fraction.Among the REEs,Ce concentration of the nodules shows significant positive anomaly due to variation in redox potential and hence its magnitude can be used to get an idea about the metal enrichment procedure and the genetic type of the nodules.However,based on host sediment only,not much difference is found in the magnitude of Ce anomaly in these nodules.On the other hand,discrimination diagram,based on HFSE and REY chemistry,indicates that most of these nodules are of diagenetic origin under oxic condition with a trend towards hydrogenetic field.Further,the genetic type of the ferromanganese nodules from the CIOB are more effectively differentiated by a combination of their major and trace element concentrations rather than solely based on their REE or HFSE chemistry or host sediment substrate.展开更多
We study the uncertainty relation for three quantum systems in the N-dimensional space by using the virial theorem (VT). It is shown that this relation depends on the energy spectrum of the system as well as on the sp...We study the uncertainty relation for three quantum systems in the N-dimensional space by using the virial theorem (VT). It is shown that this relation depends on the energy spectrum of the system as well as on the space dimension N. It is pointed out that the form of lower bound of the inequality, which is governed by the ground state, depends on the system and on the space dimension N. A comparison between our result for the lower bound and recent results, based on information-theoretic approach, is pointed out. We examine and analyze these derived uncertainties for different angular momenta with a special attention made for the large N limit.展开更多
文摘A slightly modified central atoms model was proposed. The probabilities of various clusters with the central atoms and their nearest neighboring shells can be calculated neglecting the assumption of the parameter of energy in the central atoms model in proportion to the number of other atoms i (referred with the central atom). A parameter P α is proposed in this model, which equals to reciprocal of activity coefficient of α component, therefore, the new model can be understood easily. By this model, the Al Zn phase diagram and its thermodynamic properties were calculated, the results coincide with the experimental data.
文摘Clinical indications for herbal drugs very often only rely on traditional knowledge. Single plant-derived preparations are used for many purposes and cannot be classified to belong to a single category like calming or stimulating drugs. With respect to the brain a unique possibility exists to analyze drug effects by recording the EEG. It is common knowledge that many drugs change the frequency content of electric brain activity. Quantitative analysis of the EEG by Fast Fourier Transformation reveals parameters like spectral power, which can be processed further (CATEEM®). Source density was determined from 17 channels of the quantitative EEG from 10 clinical studies recorded in a relaxed state with open eyes. Linear discriminant analysis was used to differentiate the effects of Placebo (circadian rhythm) from CNS-active herbal drugs in comparison to Valium®. Calmvalera®, L-Theanine, Lasea®, Neurapas®, Neuravena®, Neurexan®, Nutrifin Relax®, Pascoflair®(herbal calming drugs) as well as memoLoges®, Zembrin®(herbal stimulating drugs) induced different changes of the frequency content of brain electric activity. Discriminant analysis revealed that Nutrifin Relax®, Pascoflair®and Suntheanine®could not be separated well from each other indicating a similar mechanism of action. The effect of Valium®was projected at a very isolated position far away from the herbal preparations indicating a totally different mechanism of action. Zembrin®and memoLoges®grouped together with respect to the first three discriminant functions, but were different with respect to the 4th to 6th discriminant function. Lasea®as anxiolytic drug and Neurapas®as antidepressive drug were projected at isolated positions indicating their different clinical indications. The results indicate that discriminant analysis of human quantitative EEG data allows for unique pharmacological description of individual effect profiles of herbal drugs.
基金the support of CSIR Senior Research Fellowship,Indiaa part of the“Polymetallic Nodule:Survey and Exploration”project(GAP 2175)supported by Ministry of Earth Sciences,Govt.of India.This is NIO's contribution No.6633。
文摘This study presents new major,trace and REE data for thirty-five ferromanganese nodules recovered from areas representing three different sediment types(siliceous,red clay and their transition zone)in the Central Indian Ocean Basin(CIOB)to address their genetic aspects,classification,growth rate,nature of host sediments and influence of REE in the processes of nodule formation.The nodules from CIOB are mostly either hydrogenetic(metals coming from oxygenated bottom water)and diagenetic(metals coming from suboxic sediment pore water)or a combination of both,depending on the source of supply of metal.However,a number of biogeochemical processes mediate this supply of metals which again changes from time to time,making the nodule growth process highly dynamic.This study suggests that at the initial stage of nodule growth,host sediments do not play much role in controlling the growth processes for which REEs can enter both Mn and Fe oxyhydroxide phases equally.Thus,the bottom water signature is imprinted in these early formed nodules irrespective of their host sediment substrate but with gradual growth and burial in the sediment,the main mode of metal enrichment becomes diagenetic through sediment pore water.This tends to increase the concentration of Mn,Ni and Cu over other elements which are retained in the sediment fraction.Among the REEs,Ce concentration of the nodules shows significant positive anomaly due to variation in redox potential and hence its magnitude can be used to get an idea about the metal enrichment procedure and the genetic type of the nodules.However,based on host sediment only,not much difference is found in the magnitude of Ce anomaly in these nodules.On the other hand,discrimination diagram,based on HFSE and REY chemistry,indicates that most of these nodules are of diagenetic origin under oxic condition with a trend towards hydrogenetic field.Further,the genetic type of the ferromanganese nodules from the CIOB are more effectively differentiated by a combination of their major and trace element concentrations rather than solely based on their REE or HFSE chemistry or host sediment substrate.
文摘We study the uncertainty relation for three quantum systems in the N-dimensional space by using the virial theorem (VT). It is shown that this relation depends on the energy spectrum of the system as well as on the space dimension N. It is pointed out that the form of lower bound of the inequality, which is governed by the ground state, depends on the system and on the space dimension N. A comparison between our result for the lower bound and recent results, based on information-theoretic approach, is pointed out. We examine and analyze these derived uncertainties for different angular momenta with a special attention made for the large N limit.
