We present a mathematical model of a day care center in a developed country (such as Canada), in order to use it for the estimation of individual-to-individual contact rates in young age groups and in an educational g...We present a mathematical model of a day care center in a developed country (such as Canada), in order to use it for the estimation of individual-to-individual contact rates in young age groups and in an educational group setting. In our model, individuals in the population are children (ages 1.5 to 4 years) and staff, and their interactions are modelled explicitly: person-to-person and person-to-environment, with a very high time resolution. Their movement and meaningful contact patterns are simulated and then calibrated with collected data from a child care facility as a case study. We present these calibration results as a first part in the further development of our model for testing and estimating the spread of infectious diseases within child care centers.展开更多
The human dietary selenium requirement in China has been estimated by various methods. The minimum dietary selenium requircment for the prevention of Keshan disease (KD) was found to be around 17 μg/d. On the other h...The human dietary selenium requirement in China has been estimated by various methods. The minimum dietary selenium requircment for the prevention of Keshan disease (KD) was found to be around 17 μg/d. On the other hand, an intake of 40 μg/d is required to maintain the plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity at plateau. Hence 40 μg/d is considered as the adequate dietary selenium requirement. Studies conducted in a chronic selenosis area indicate thai the toxic dietary selenlum inlake (adverse effect level), which would maintain the characteristic fingernail changes, was approximately 1600 μg/d. The mean value of dietary selenium intakes, which enabled the five patients to recover from fingernail lesions, was found to be 819 ±126μg/d. At a 95% confidence limit, the lower limit is around 600μg/d. Therefore, 600 and 400μg/d were suggested as the individual daily maximum safe selenium intake and the safe dietary selenium intake, respectively,The results were used in the prevention of Se-related endemic KD and Kashin-Beck disease (KBD)展开更多
The year of 2013 is considered the first year of smart city in China. With the development of informationization and urbanization in China, city diseases(traffic jam, medical problem and unbalanced education) are more...The year of 2013 is considered the first year of smart city in China. With the development of informationization and urbanization in China, city diseases(traffic jam, medical problem and unbalanced education) are more and more apparent. Smart city is the key to solving these diseases. This paper presents the overall smart city development in China in term of market scale and development stages, the technology standards, and industry layout. The paper claims that the issues and challenges facing smart city development in China and proposes to make polices to support smart city development.展开更多
Continuous dopaminergic stimulation（CDS）is a prominent therapeutic concept for the treatment of Parkinson＇s disease（PD）,which proposes that continuous brain dopamine-receptor stimulation,rather than intermittent ...Continuous dopaminergic stimulation（CDS）is a prominent therapeutic concept for the treatment of Parkinson＇s disease（PD）,which proposes that continuous brain dopamine-receptor stimulation,rather than intermittent doses of oral L-dopa,prevents or manages L-dopa-induced dyskinesias（LIDs）.In the normal situation,dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta fire tonically to keep the dopamine receptor stimulation at a steady-state level.But when the dopaminergic pathway is impaired,the dopamine receptor stimulation becomes intermittent or pulsatile.This pulsatile stimulation causes a series of gene and protein changes in striatal neurons,leading to alterations in the firing patterns of basal ganglia neurons that result in LIDs.Studies in animal models and clinical trials of PD have shown that approaches providing CDS,currently including patches,extended-release formulations of L-dopa or dopamine agonists,continuous delivery of apomorphine and duodenal L-dopa infusion,are associated with a decreased risk of LIDs.In this review,we summarize both preclinical and clinical evidence for the five methods that may provide CDS in theory and compare the advantages and disadvantages of these methods.展开更多
Recent research has shown that defined sets of exogenous factors are sufficient to convert rodent and human somatic cells directly into induced neural stem cells or neural precursor cells（iNSCs/iNPCs）.The process of...Recent research has shown that defined sets of exogenous factors are sufficient to convert rodent and human somatic cells directly into induced neural stem cells or neural precursor cells（iNSCs/iNPCs）.The process of transdifferentiation bypasses the step of a pluripotent state and reduces the risk of tumorigenesis and genetic instability while retaining the self-renewing capacity.This iNSC/iNPC technology has fueled much excitement in regenerative medicine,as these cells can be differentiated into target cells for replacement therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.Patients＇ somatic cell-derived iNSCs/iNPCs have also been proposed to serve as disease models with potential value in both fundamental studies and clinical applications.This review focuses on the mechanisms,techniques,and applications of iNSCs/iNPCs from a series of related studies,as well as further efforts in designing novel strategies using iNSC/iNPC technology and its potential applications in neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Background: Digital health similar Telemedicine and Mobile Health interventions are globally playing a significant roleto combat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acu...Background: Digital health similar Telemedicine and Mobile Health interventions are globally playing a significant roleto combat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromecoronavirus19. Here, we present a very brief overview of the multifaceted digital interventions, globally, and in India, formaintaining health and health-care delivery, in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: This review was conducted throughsearching four databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Inclusion criteria included studies clearlydefining any use of telehealth (Telemedicine and Mobile Health) services in all aspects of health care during COVID-19 outbreak.Results: 111 research studies published from 2019 to May 2020 were employed to provide theoretical and practical evidence on thesignificance of using telemedicine and mobile health for remote treatment of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also checkedthe effects for identify the role of telehealth services in preventing, diagnosing, treating, and controlling diseases during COVID-19outbreak, result showed used Telemedicine and Mobile Health effective outcome in the prevention and emergency treatment of otherpatients. Discussion: Major technologies identified included telemedicine and mobile care (for COVID-19 as well as routine care),for monitoring. Telehealth can become a basic need for the general population, health care providers, and patients with COVID-19,especially when people are in quarantine, enabling patients in real time through contact with health care provider for advice on theirhealth problems. Conclusions: The use of telehealth improves the provision of health services. Therefore, telehealth should be animportant tool in caring services while keeping patients and health providers safe during COVID-19 outbreak and reduces the use ofresources in health centers, improves access to care, while minimizing the risk of direct transmission of the infectious agent fromperson to person.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the curative effect of external application of the Chinese drug,Sanjierupi Gao,on mastalgia caused by mammary gland hyperplasia.METHODS:This randomized,double-blinded,and placebo controlled study...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the curative effect of external application of the Chinese drug,Sanjierupi Gao,on mastalgia caused by mammary gland hyperplasia.METHODS:This randomized,double-blinded,and placebo controlled study enrolled 260 patients with mammary gland hyperplasia from five hospitals.Patients were randomly and equally divided in-to a Sanjierupi Gao treatment group and a placebo control group.An adhesive plaster was applied to the most painful area on either breast for 7 h a day.Treatment lasted for two menstrual cycles without application during menstruation.Mastalgia was used as the main index of curative effect.The change before and after treatment in days of mastalgia,the time to alleviate pain,pain extent,and severe pain scores were observed.RESULTS:Compared to the control group,the treatment group had significantly fewer days of mastalgia(P<0.01),a significantly lower severe pain score(P<0.01),and significantly less subjective pain and tenderness(P<0.05 and P<0.01,respectively).Three days before the follow-up visit,the pain score in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).A non-parametric test was used to compare the time to alleviate mastalgia between the two groups and found no statistical difference(Z=0.313,P=0.754).CONCLUSION:Application of Sanjierupi Gao can decrease mastalgia duration in patients with mammary gland hyperplasia during menstruation and alleviate the extent of mastalgia.The time to alleviate pain is psychologically influenced.展开更多
文摘We present a mathematical model of a day care center in a developed country (such as Canada), in order to use it for the estimation of individual-to-individual contact rates in young age groups and in an educational group setting. In our model, individuals in the population are children (ages 1.5 to 4 years) and staff, and their interactions are modelled explicitly: person-to-person and person-to-environment, with a very high time resolution. Their movement and meaningful contact patterns are simulated and then calibrated with collected data from a child care facility as a case study. We present these calibration results as a first part in the further development of our model for testing and estimating the spread of infectious diseases within child care centers.
文摘The human dietary selenium requirement in China has been estimated by various methods. The minimum dietary selenium requircment for the prevention of Keshan disease (KD) was found to be around 17 μg/d. On the other hand, an intake of 40 μg/d is required to maintain the plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity at plateau. Hence 40 μg/d is considered as the adequate dietary selenium requirement. Studies conducted in a chronic selenosis area indicate thai the toxic dietary selenlum inlake (adverse effect level), which would maintain the characteristic fingernail changes, was approximately 1600 μg/d. The mean value of dietary selenium intakes, which enabled the five patients to recover from fingernail lesions, was found to be 819 ±126μg/d. At a 95% confidence limit, the lower limit is around 600μg/d. Therefore, 600 and 400μg/d were suggested as the individual daily maximum safe selenium intake and the safe dietary selenium intake, respectively,The results were used in the prevention of Se-related endemic KD and Kashin-Beck disease (KBD)
文摘The year of 2013 is considered the first year of smart city in China. With the development of informationization and urbanization in China, city diseases(traffic jam, medical problem and unbalanced education) are more and more apparent. Smart city is the key to solving these diseases. This paper presents the overall smart city development in China in term of market scale and development stages, the technology standards, and industry layout. The paper claims that the issues and challenges facing smart city development in China and proposes to make polices to support smart city development.
基金supported by a grant from the Science and Technology Bureau of Zhejiang Province, China (2011c14026)
文摘Continuous dopaminergic stimulation（CDS）is a prominent therapeutic concept for the treatment of Parkinson＇s disease（PD）,which proposes that continuous brain dopamine-receptor stimulation,rather than intermittent doses of oral L-dopa,prevents or manages L-dopa-induced dyskinesias（LIDs）.In the normal situation,dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta fire tonically to keep the dopamine receptor stimulation at a steady-state level.But when the dopaminergic pathway is impaired,the dopamine receptor stimulation becomes intermittent or pulsatile.This pulsatile stimulation causes a series of gene and protein changes in striatal neurons,leading to alterations in the firing patterns of basal ganglia neurons that result in LIDs.Studies in animal models and clinical trials of PD have shown that approaches providing CDS,currently including patches,extended-release formulations of L-dopa or dopamine agonists,continuous delivery of apomorphine and duodenal L-dopa infusion,are associated with a decreased risk of LIDs.In this review,we summarize both preclinical and clinical evidence for the five methods that may provide CDS in theory and compare the advantages and disadvantages of these methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81271248 and 81400933)
文摘Recent research has shown that defined sets of exogenous factors are sufficient to convert rodent and human somatic cells directly into induced neural stem cells or neural precursor cells（iNSCs/iNPCs）.The process of transdifferentiation bypasses the step of a pluripotent state and reduces the risk of tumorigenesis and genetic instability while retaining the self-renewing capacity.This iNSC/iNPC technology has fueled much excitement in regenerative medicine,as these cells can be differentiated into target cells for replacement therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.Patients＇ somatic cell-derived iNSCs/iNPCs have also been proposed to serve as disease models with potential value in both fundamental studies and clinical applications.This review focuses on the mechanisms,techniques,and applications of iNSCs/iNPCs from a series of related studies,as well as further efforts in designing novel strategies using iNSC/iNPC technology and its potential applications in neurodegenerative diseases.
文摘Background: Digital health similar Telemedicine and Mobile Health interventions are globally playing a significant roleto combat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromecoronavirus19. Here, we present a very brief overview of the multifaceted digital interventions, globally, and in India, formaintaining health and health-care delivery, in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: This review was conducted throughsearching four databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Inclusion criteria included studies clearlydefining any use of telehealth (Telemedicine and Mobile Health) services in all aspects of health care during COVID-19 outbreak.Results: 111 research studies published from 2019 to May 2020 were employed to provide theoretical and practical evidence on thesignificance of using telemedicine and mobile health for remote treatment of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also checkedthe effects for identify the role of telehealth services in preventing, diagnosing, treating, and controlling diseases during COVID-19outbreak, result showed used Telemedicine and Mobile Health effective outcome in the prevention and emergency treatment of otherpatients. Discussion: Major technologies identified included telemedicine and mobile care (for COVID-19 as well as routine care),for monitoring. Telehealth can become a basic need for the general population, health care providers, and patients with COVID-19,especially when people are in quarantine, enabling patients in real time through contact with health care provider for advice on theirhealth problems. Conclusions: The use of telehealth improves the provision of health services. Therefore, telehealth should be animportant tool in caring services while keeping patients and health providers safe during COVID-19 outbreak and reduces the use ofresources in health centers, improves access to care, while minimizing the risk of direct transmission of the infectious agent fromperson to person.
基金Supported by a Demonstrative Project of Research into Specific Therapy and Technology of External Application in Traditional Chinese MedicineNational Sci-Tech Plan of the Ministry of Science and Technology in the 11th 5-Year Plan(2008BAI53B053)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the curative effect of external application of the Chinese drug,Sanjierupi Gao,on mastalgia caused by mammary gland hyperplasia.METHODS:This randomized,double-blinded,and placebo controlled study enrolled 260 patients with mammary gland hyperplasia from five hospitals.Patients were randomly and equally divided in-to a Sanjierupi Gao treatment group and a placebo control group.An adhesive plaster was applied to the most painful area on either breast for 7 h a day.Treatment lasted for two menstrual cycles without application during menstruation.Mastalgia was used as the main index of curative effect.The change before and after treatment in days of mastalgia,the time to alleviate pain,pain extent,and severe pain scores were observed.RESULTS:Compared to the control group,the treatment group had significantly fewer days of mastalgia(P<0.01),a significantly lower severe pain score(P<0.01),and significantly less subjective pain and tenderness(P<0.05 and P<0.01,respectively).Three days before the follow-up visit,the pain score in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).A non-parametric test was used to compare the time to alleviate mastalgia between the two groups and found no statistical difference(Z=0.313,P=0.754).CONCLUSION:Application of Sanjierupi Gao can decrease mastalgia duration in patients with mammary gland hyperplasia during menstruation and alleviate the extent of mastalgia.The time to alleviate pain is psychologically influenced.
